Research graph
References from Transitioning to nonpunitive school policies for addressing student substance use: Qualitative interviews with key school administrators. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Disparate use of exclusionary discipline: Evidence on inequities in school discipline from a U.S. state
10.14507/epaa.25.2787 · 2017 · External reference
10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100631
10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100631 · External reference
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045234
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045234 · External reference
10.1007/s12310-025-09747-0
10.1007/s12310-025-09747-0 · External reference
A research synthesis/unequal school funding in the United States
2002 · External reference
How to construct an underclass, or how the war on drugs became a war on education
2002 · External reference
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31782-3
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31782-3 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2006 · External reference
10.1037/spq0000213
10.1037/spq0000213 · External reference
10.1007/s11121-019-01017-1
10.1007/s11121-019-01017-1 · External reference
10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.003
10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.003 · External reference
10.1186/s13012-021-01181-5
10.1186/s13012-021-01181-5 · External reference
10.1007/s40688-020-00290-0
10.1007/s40688-020-00290-0 · External reference
School discipline and racial disparities in early adulthood
10.3102/0013189x211061732 · 2022 · External reference
Factors associated with the implementation of programs for drug abuse prevention in schools
2016 · External reference
10.1111/nyas.14922
10.1111/nyas.14922 · External reference
Policy determinants of inequitable exposure to the criminal legal system and their health consequences among young people
10.2105/ajph.2019.305440 · 2020 · External reference
10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.022
10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2011 · External reference
The prospective impact of adverse childhood experiences on justice‐involved youth's psychiatric symptoms and substance use
10.1037/ccp0000655 · 2021 · External reference
10.1177/23780231241285105
10.1177/23780231241285105 · External reference
A pragmatic clinical effectiveness trial of a novel alternative to punishment for school‐based substance use infractions: study protocol for the iDECIDE curriculum
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1203558 · 2023 · External reference
10.1177/1098300720951940
10.1177/1098300720951940 · External reference
10.1080/00952990.2023.2180383
10.1080/00952990.2023.2180383 · External reference
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.012
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.012 · External reference
10.1177/1049732305276687
10.1177/1049732305276687 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
10.1080/0161956x.2021.1991690
10.1080/0161956x.2021.1991690 · External reference
A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research
10.5688/ajpe7120 · 2020 · External reference
10.1086/689929
10.1086/689929 · External reference
10.15585/mmwr.su7304a8
10.15585/mmwr.su7304a8 · External reference
10.1542/peds.2012-3932
10.1542/peds.2012-3932 · External reference
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.006
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.006 · External reference
10.3390/ijerph19010096
10.3390/ijerph19010096 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
A system gone berserk: How are zero‐tolerance policies really affecting schools?
10.3200/psfl.53.3.153-158 · 2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Keep them so you can teach them: Alternatives to exclusionary discipline
2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
10.1177/23780231241284942
10.1177/23780231241284942 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Longitudinal relationships among exclusionary school discipline, adolescent substance use, and adult arrest: Public health implications of the school‐to‐prison pipeline
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110949 · 2023 · External reference
10.3102/0002831214541670
10.3102/0002831214541670 · External reference
Pushed out and drawn in: Exclusionary discipline, mental health, and protective factors among youth in public schools
10.1111/josh.13405 · 2024 · External reference
10.1542/peds.2020-0351
10.1542/peds.2020-0351 · External reference
Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: A multilevel study in 35 countries
10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.038 · 2013 · External reference
Substance use, suicidal thoughts, and psychiatric comorbidities among high school students
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6263 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
10.1016/j.jaac.2025.06.003
10.1016/j.jaac.2025.06.003 · External reference
The spillover effect of school suspensions on adolescents' classroom climate perceptions and academic achievement
10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101295 · 2024 · External reference
Navigating tensions in school discipline: Examining school leaders, teachers, and the conversion of referrals into suspensions
10.1086/723064 · 2023 · External reference
Administering discipline: An examination of the factors shaping school discipline practices
10.1177/00131245231208170 · 2024 · External reference
Caste and control in schools: A systematic review of the pathways, rates and correlates of exclusion due to school discipline
10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.09.031 · 2018 · External reference
Substance use, suicidal thoughts, and psychiatric comorbidities among high school students
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6263 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1007/s11121-019-01017-1
10.1007/s11121-019-01017-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1007/s12310-025-09747-0
10.1007/s12310-025-09747-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1007/s40688-020-00290-0
10.1007/s40688-020-00290-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.022
10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100631
10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100631 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.003
10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Caste and control in schools: A systematic review of the pathways, rates and correlates of exclusion due to school discipline
10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.09.031 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Longitudinal relationships among exclusionary school discipline, adolescent substance use, and adult arrest: Public health implications of the school‐to‐prison pipeline
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110949 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.jaac.2025.06.003
10.1016/j.jaac.2025.06.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.006
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.012
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.012 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The spillover effect of school suspensions on adolescents' classroom climate perceptions and academic achievement
10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101295 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: A multilevel study in 35 countries
10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.038 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31782-3
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31782-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The prospective impact of adverse childhood experiences on justice‐involved youth's psychiatric symptoms and substance use
10.1037/ccp0000655 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1037/spq0000213
10.1037/spq0000213 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1080/00952990.2023.2180383
10.1080/00952990.2023.2180383 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1080/0161956x.2021.1991690
10.1080/0161956x.2021.1991690 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1086/689929
10.1086/689929 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Navigating tensions in school discipline: Examining school leaders, teachers, and the conversion of referrals into suspensions
10.1086/723064 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pushed out and drawn in: Exclusionary discipline, mental health, and protective factors among youth in public schools
10.1111/josh.13405 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1111/nyas.14922
10.1111/nyas.14922 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045234
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045234 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Administering discipline: An examination of the factors shaping school discipline practices
10.1177/00131245231208170 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1177/1049732305276687
10.1177/1049732305276687 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1177/1098300720951940
10.1177/1098300720951940 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1177/23780231241284942
10.1177/23780231241284942 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1177/23780231241285105
10.1177/23780231241285105 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1186/s13012-021-01181-5
10.1186/s13012-021-01181-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Disparate use of exclusionary discipline: Evidence on inequities in school discipline from a U.S. state
10.14507/epaa.25.2787 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1542/peds.2012-3932
10.1542/peds.2012-3932 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1542/peds.2020-0351
10.1542/peds.2020-0351 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.15585/mmwr.su7304a8
10.15585/mmwr.su7304a8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Policy determinants of inequitable exposure to the criminal legal system and their health consequences among young people
10.2105/ajph.2019.305440 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3102/0002831214541670
10.3102/0002831214541670 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
School discipline and racial disparities in early adulthood
10.3102/0013189x211061732 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A system gone berserk: How are zero‐tolerance policies really affecting schools?
10.3200/psfl.53.3.153-158 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A pragmatic clinical effectiveness trial of a novel alternative to punishment for school‐based substance use infractions: study protocol for the iDECIDE curriculum
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1203558 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/ijerph19010096
10.3390/ijerph19010096 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research
10.5688/ajpe7120 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
