Research graph
References from Meduna and the origins of the idea that seizures can be therapeutic. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Ladislas von Meduna (1896‐1964)
10.1176/ajp.122.2.226 · 1965 · External reference
Meduna and the origins of convulsive therapy
10.1176/ajp.141.9.1034 · 1984 · External reference
Autobiography of L.J. Meduna
1985 · External reference
Károly Schaffer and his school: the birth of biological psychiatry in Hungary, 1890–1940
10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.003 · 2008 · External reference
Induced seizures as psychiatric therapy: Ladislas Meduna's contributions in modern neuroscience
10.1097/00124509-200409000-00001 · 2004 · External reference
The origins of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
1988 · External reference
Neurodegeneration and pathology in epilepsy: clinical and basic perspectives
10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_12 · 2017 · External reference
Glial cells as key players in schizophrenia pathology: recent insights and concepts of therapy
10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.035 · 2015 · External reference
Glial cell deficits are a key feature of schizophrenia: implications for neuronal circuit maintenance and histological differentiation from classical neurodegeneration
10.1038/s41380-024-02861-6 · 2024 · External reference
The treatment of general paresis by inoculation of malaria
10.1097/00005053-192205000-00001 · 1922 · External reference
The history of the malaria treatment of General paralysis
10.1176/ajp.102.5.577 · 1946 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Biological antagonism and epileptic psychosis
10.1192/bjp.146.3.272 · 1985 · External reference
Camphor poisoning: an unusual cause of seizure in children
10.4103/1817-1745.154363 · 2015 · External reference
Camphor revisited: focus on toxicity
10.1542/peds.94.1.127 · 1994 · External reference
Electrocorticographic patterns dominated by low‐frequency waves in camphor‐induced seizures
10.1038/s41598-020-75309-w · 2020 · External reference
General discussion of the cardiazol therapy
10.1176/ajp.94.6s.40 · 1938 · External reference
Pentylenetetrazol and penicillin are selective antagonists of GABA‐mediated post‐synaptic inhibition in cultured mammalian neurones
10.1038/267720a0 · 1977 · External reference
Critical review of current animal models of seizures and epilepsy used in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs
10.1016/j.seizure.2011.01.003 · 2011 · External reference
A brief history of electroconvulsive therapy
10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2020.160103 · 2020 · External reference
Old and new information about electroshock
10.1176/ajp.107.2.87 · 1950 · External reference
A translation of “L'Elettroshock” by Cerletti & Bini, with an introduction
10.4321/s0213-61632013000400001 · 2013 · External reference
Experimental researches on epileptic attacks induced by the electric current
10.1176/ajp.94.6s.172 · 1938 · External reference
Electroconvulsive therapy stimulus parameters: rethinking dosage
10.1097/yct.0b013e3181e48165 · 2010 · External reference
Demographics of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy based on state‐mandated reporting data
10.1097/yct.0000000000000692 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Catatonia is not schizophrenia and it is treatable
10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.030 · 2018 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12705-5 · 2003 · External reference
Catatonia is not schizophrenia: Kraepelin's error and the need to recognize catatonia as an independent syndrome in medical nomenclature
10.1093/schbul/sbp059 · 2010 · External reference
Electroconvulsive therapy and schizophrenia: a systematic review
2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2004 · External reference
Electroconvulsive therapy in psychoses of epilepsy – a forgotten alternative
10.1016/j.ebr.2025.100806 · 2025 · External reference
Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy‐role of electroconvulsive therapy
10.1136/bcr.03.2012.6056 · 2012 · External reference
Electroconvulsive therapy for psychosis in a patient with epilepsy related to hypothalamic hamartoma
10.1684/epd.2013.0589 · 2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
How electroconvulsive therapy works?: understanding the neurobiological mechanisms
10.9758/cpn.2017.15.3.210 · 2017 · External reference
Anticonvulsant and antidepressant properties of electroconvulsive therapy: a proposed mechanism of action
1983 · External reference
The principles of electroconvulsive therapy based on correlations of schizophrenia and epilepsy: a view from brain networks
10.3389/fneur.2019.00688 · 2019 · External reference
Understanding the mechanisms of action of electroconvulsive therapy: revisiting neuroinflammatory and neuroplasticity hypotheses
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0728 · 2023 · External reference
Some clinical EEG correlations in epileptic psychoses (twilight states)
1953 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Forced normalization: clinical and therapeutic relevance
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00886.x · 1999 · External reference
Forced normalization revisited: new concepts about a paradoxical phenomenon
10.3389/fnint.2021.736248 · 2021 · External reference
Forced normalization: a systematic review
10.1111/epi.16276 · 2019 · External reference
Forced normalization: epilepsy and psychosis interaction
2015 · External reference
Experiences with α‐ethyl‐α‐methylsuccinimide in the treatment of epilepsy
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1959.tb04284.x · 1959 · External reference
Psychotic episodes in Zarondan treatment: effects and side‐effects in 105 patients
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1965.tb03359.x · 1965 · External reference
Psychiatric complications of absence therapy and their relation to alteration of sleep
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb05639.x · 1984 · External reference
The clinical syndromes of forced normalization
10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb02821.x · 1984 · External reference
Forced normalization: acute psychosis after seizure control in seven patients
10.1001/archneur.1987.00520150039018 · 1987 · External reference
Development of forced normalisation psychosis with ethosuximide
10.1136/bcr-2017-220838 · 2017 · External reference
Ethosuximide‐induced mania in a 10‐year‐old boy
10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.05.004 · 2011 · External reference
Forced normalization induced by ethosuximide therapy in a patient with intractable myoclonic epilepsy
10.1016/s0387-7604(01)00177-2 · 2001 · External reference
Forced normalization in epilepsy: myth or reality?
10.1016/j.jns.2021.117996 · 2021 · External reference
Patient with epilepsy showing psychiatric symptoms after remission of seizures and normalization of electroencephalography: the phenomenon of forced normalization?
10.14581/jer.23004 · 2023 · External reference
