Research graph
References from Microbiome‐Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Regulate AhR Signaling to Restore Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease
10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003 · 2018 · External reference
Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease and the Interconnection With Immunological Response, Microbiota, External Environmental Factors, and Epigenetics
10.3390/antiox10010064 · 2021 · External reference
Mechanism of Cytokine Modulation of Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier
10.2741/3413 · 2009 · External reference
The Role of the AHR in Host–Pathogen Interactions
10.1038/s41577-024-01088-4 · 2025 · External reference
Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)‐Induced Colitis in Mice
10.1002/0471142735.im1525s104 · 2014 · External reference
Modulation of Lymphocyte‐Mediated Tissue Repair by Rational Design of Heterocyclic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists
10.1126/sciadv.aay8230 · 2020 · External reference
Modulating AHR Function Offers Exciting Therapeutic Potential in Gut Immunity and Inflammation
10.1186/s13578-023-01046-y · 2023 · External reference
Metabolomics Facilitate the Personalized Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.1177/17562848211064489 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Health Through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway: A Systematic Review
10.3390/foods13213479 · 2024 · External reference
Role of Mucosal Immunity and Epithelial–Vascular Barrier in Modulating Gut Homeostasis
10.1007/s11739-023-03329-1 · 2023 · External reference
Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Connects Energy Sensing to Mitophagy
10.1126/science.1196371 · 2011 · External reference
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and the Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Probiotic‐Derived Cell‐Free Supernatants in HT‐29 Cells: Insights into Early Stage Colorectal Cancer
10.1093/lambio/ovaf060 · 2025 · External reference
Short‐Chain Fatty Acids and Their Role in Modulating Autoimmune Responses in Psoriasis: Insights From Recent Microbiota Research
10.1093/lambio/ovaf091 · 2025 · External reference
Gut Microbiome Structure and Metabolic Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.1038/s41564-018-0306-4 · 2019 · External reference
Tryptophan Metabolites Derived From Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y42 Regulate the AhR/Nrf2/NF‐κB Axis to Ameliorate Colitis in Mice
10.1039/d5fo04869a · 2026 · External reference
Microbiota‐Derived IPA Alleviates Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation Through Upregulating Th1/Th17 Cell Apoptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.1080/19490976.2025.2467235 · 2025 · External reference
Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism
10.3389/fcimb.2018.00013 · 2018 · External reference
The Role of Goblet Cells and Mucus in Intestinal Homeostasis
10.1038/s41575-022-00675-x · 2022 · External reference
Postbiotics Ameliorate DSS‐Induced Colitis in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota, Promoting Tryptophan Metabolism, and Activating AhR/IL‐22 Signaling Pathway
10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106828 · 2025 · External reference
Tryptophan‐Derived Serotonin‐Kynurenine Balance in Immune Activation and Intestinal Inflammation
10.1096/fj.202100702r · 2021 · External reference
Metabolic Reprogramming and Signaling Adaptations in Anoikis Resistance: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
10.1007/s11010-024-05199-3 · 2025 · External reference
Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
10.1126/science.1223490 · 2012 · External reference
Correction: Lactobacillus Accelerates ISCs Regeneration to Protect the Integrity of Intestinal Mucosa Through Activation of STAT3 Signaling Pathway Induced by LPLs Secretion of IL‐22
10.1038/s41418-020-00630-w · 2021 · External reference
Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota and Microbiota‐Derived Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.3390/nu14235140 · 2022 · External reference
Bacteroides Ovatus Promotes IL‐22 Production and Reduces Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid–Driven Colonic Inflammation
10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.009 · 2021 · External reference
Faecal Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac079 · 2022 · External reference
Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Oxidative Activity of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid Involves Induction of HO‐1 and Neutralization of Free Radicals in RAW264.7 Cells
10.3390/ijms21051579 · 2020 · External reference
Berberine Improves Colitis by Triggering AhR Activation by Microbial Tryptophan Catabolites
10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105358 · 2021 · External reference
The AhR/IL‐22 Axis in Chronic Gut Inflammation: Unraveling Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1668173 · 2025 · External reference
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Pre‐Clinical Murine Models of Human Disease
10.3390/ijms23169344 · 2022 · External reference
The Role of IL‐22 in Intestinal Health and Disease
10.1084/jem.20192195 · 2020 · External reference
From Microbes to Molecules: Mechanistic Insights into Metabolite‐Mediated Gut Inflammation
10.37349/edd.2026.1005116 · 2026 · External reference
Coordinate Regulation of Phase I and II Xenobiotic Metabolisms by the Ah Receptor and Nrf2
10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.009 · 2007 · External reference
Restore Intestinal Barrier Integrity: An Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy
10.2147/jir.s470520 · 2024 · External reference
Ganoderic Acid A Mitigates Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Modulation of AhR Activity by Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism
10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01166 · 2024 · External reference
CARD9 Impacts Colitis by Altering Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Tryptophan into Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands
10.1038/nm.4102 · 2016 · External reference
Tryptophan Metabolite Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulates IL‐10 Receptor Expression on Intestinal Epithelia
10.1038/mi.2016.133 · 2017 · External reference
Gut Microbiota‐Derived Metabolites as Key Actors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.1038/s41575-019-0258-z · 2020 · External reference
Interleukin‐22 Promotes Intestinal‐Stem‐Cell‐Mediated Epithelial Regeneration
10.1038/nature16460 · 2015 · External reference
Tryptophan Metabolism Mediated by the Gut Microbiota Inhibits Pyroptosis via the AhR Signaling Pathway to Maintain Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis
10.1186/s40168-026-02408-7 · 2026 · External reference
Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Action of Food‐Derived Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands in Ulcerative Colitis
2025 · External reference
Regulatory Roles of Intestinal CD4+ T Cells in Inflammation and Their Modulation by the Intestinal Microbiota
10.1080/19490976.2025.2560019 · 2025 · External reference
Urolithin A Alleviates Colitis in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Modulating Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism, and Triggering AhR Activation
10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00830 · 2023 · External reference
From Probiotics to Postbiotics—An Update on Their Biotherapeutic Potential and the Emerging Strategies in Human Health
10.3390/ijms27052218 · 2026 · External reference
The Environmental Sensor AHR Protects From Inflammatory Damage by Maintaining Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Barrier Integrity
10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.010 · 2018 · External reference
An Interaction Between Kynurenine and the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Can Generate Regulatory T Cells
10.4049/jimmunol.0903670 · 2010 · External reference
The Tryptophan Metabolic Pathway of the Microbiome and Host Cells in Health and Disease
10.1093/intimm/dxae035 · 2024 · External reference
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor‐Induced Signals Up‐Regulate IL‐22 Production and Inhibit Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract
10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.007 · 2011 · External reference
Gut Microbiome‐Related Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.3390/ijms25063372 · 2024 · External reference
The NF‐κB Signaling System in the Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.1126/scisignal.adh1641 · 2024 · External reference
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands in Cancer: Friend and Foe
10.1038/nrc3846 · 2014 · External reference
Understanding and Exploiting the Endogenous Interleukin‐10/STAT3‐Mediated Anti‐Inflammatory Response
10.1016/j.coph.2006.01.010 · 2006 · External reference
Efficacy of Indigo Naturalis in a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.024 · 2018 · External reference
An Endogenous Tumour‐Promoting Ligand of the Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
10.1038/nature10491 · 2011 · External reference
The Ah Receptor From Toxicity to Therapeutics: Report From the 5th AHR Meeting at Penn State University, USA, June 2022
10.3390/ijms24065550 · 2023 · External reference
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) as a Potential Target for the Control of Intestinal Inflammation: Insights From an Immune and Bacteria Sensor Receptor
10.1007/s12016-020-08789-3 · 2020 · External reference
DSS Colitis Model: Traps, Tricks, and Reporting Recommendations
10.3390/biomedicines14040928 · 2026 · External reference
Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Regulators of Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis
10.1038/nri3608 · 2014 · External reference
Turning Microbial AhR Agonists into Therapeutic Agents via Drug Delivery Systems
10.3390/pharmaceutics15020506 · 2023 · External reference
Control of Treg and TH17 Cell Differentiation by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
10.1038/nature06880 · 2008 · External reference
Deciphering the Microbiome–Metabolome Landscape of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inception Cohort
10.1080/19490976.2025.2527863 · 2025 · External reference
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Potential Target for Natural Products in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1720700 · 2026 · External reference
How the AHR Became Important in Intestinal Homeostasis—A Diurnal FICZ/AHR/CYP1A1 Feedback Controls Both Immunity and Immunopathology
10.3390/ijms21165681 · 2020 · External reference
Indole Propionic Acid Regulates Gut Immunity: Mechanisms of Metabolite‐Driven Immunomodulation and Barrier Integrity
10.4014/jmb.2503.03045 · 2025 · External reference
A188 Enhanced Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation
10.1093/jcag/gwad061.188 · 2024 · External reference
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: An Environmental Sensor Integrating Immune Responses in Health and Disease
10.1038/s41577-019-0125-8 · 2019 · External reference
Immunomodulating Activity and Therapeutic Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Tryptophan Post‐Biotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02754 · 2019 · External reference
Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via the NRF2 Signaling Pathway
10.3389/fphar.2024.1483289 · 2024 · External reference
Tight Junction Regulation, Intestinal Permeability, and Mucosal Immunity in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease
2025 · External reference
Paneth Cells Constitute the Niche for Lgr5 Stem Cells in Intestinal Crypts
10.1038/nature09637 · 2011 · External reference
Cellular and Molecular Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Focusing on Intestinal Barrier Function
10.3390/cells8020193 · 2019 · External reference
Microbial Tryptophan Metabolites Regulate Gut Barrier Function via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
10.1073/pnas.2000047117 · 2020 · External reference
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathophysiology to Precision Therapeutics
10.1093/ibd/izaf225 · 2025 · External reference
Gut Microbiota‐Derived Tryptophan Metabolite IndOle‐3‐Carboxaldehyde Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Activation
10.5713/ab.25.0225 · 2026 · External reference
Protective Effects of Tryptophan‐Catabolizing Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0386 Against Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Induced Colitis in Mice
10.1039/d0fo02622k · 2020 · External reference
Dietary Fibre Directs Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism via Metabolic Interactions in the Gut Microbiota
10.1038/s41564-024-01737-3 · 2024 · External reference
Functional Biology of the IL‐22–IL‐22R Pathway in Regulating Immunity and Inflammation at Barrier Surfaces
2010 · External reference
The Influence of AHR on Immune and Tissue Biology
10.1038/s44321-024-00135-w · 2024 · External reference
AHR in the Intestinal Microenvironment: Safeguarding Barrier Function
10.1038/s41575-021-00430-8 · 2021 · External reference
Gut Microbiota‐Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis
10.3390/cells11152296 · 2022 · External reference
Metabolic Influences of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
10.3389/fphys.2021.715506 · 2021 · External reference
Tryptophan (Trp) Modulates Gut Homeostasis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)
10.1080/10408398.2019.1598334 · 2020 · External reference
Transcriptional Regulation by Nrf2
10.1089/ars.2017.7342 · 2018 · External reference
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Health and Disease
10.1038/nri2653 · 2009 · External reference
The Value of Experimental Models of Colitis in Predicting Efficacy of Biological Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
10.1152/ajpgi.00004.2013 · 2013 · External reference
Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites Regulate Gastrointestinal Barrier Function via the Xenobiotic Sensor PXR and Toll‐Like Receptor 4
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.014 · 2014 · External reference
Untargeted Faecal Metabolomics for the Discovery of Biomarkers and Treatment Targets for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329969 · 2024 · External reference
Gut Microbial Catabolites of Tryptophan Are Ligands and Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Detailed Characterization
10.3390/ijms21072614 · 2020 · External reference
Microbiota‐Derived Indoles Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate Microbiome by Microbial Cross‐Feeding
10.1186/s40168-024-01750-y · 2024 · External reference
Indole‐3‐Lactic Acid, a Tryptophan Metabolite of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DPUL‐S164, Improved Intestinal Barrier Damage by Activating AhR and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways
10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06183 · 2023 · External reference
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum‐Derived Indole‐3‐lactic Acid Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Integrity Through the AhR/Nrf2/NF‐κB Axis
2024 · External reference
Indole‐3‐Aldehyde Reduces Inflammatory Responses and Restores Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function Partially via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Experimental Colitis Models
10.2147/jir.s432747 · 2023 · External reference
Gut Microbiota Metabolic Reprogramming Drives the Development of Metabolic Diseases in the Host
10.1080/19490976.2026.2644681 · 2026 · External reference
Gegen Qinlian Decoction Activates AhR/IL‐22 to Repair Intestinal Barrier by Modulating Gut Microbiota‐Related Tryptophan Metabolism in Ulcerative Colitis Mice
10.1016/j.jep.2022.115919 · 2023 · External reference
Tryptophanase Disruption Promotes Insect–Bacterium Mutualism
10.1038/s41564-026-02264-z · 2026 · External reference
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibits Inflammation in DSS‐Induced Colitis via the MK2/p‐MK2/TTP Pathway
2018 · External reference
Discovery and Characterization of Gut Microbiota Decarboxylases That Can Produce the Neurotransmitter Tryptamine
10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.001 · 2014 · External reference
Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cell Stemness by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Ligands
10.3389/fimmu.2021.638725 · 2021 · External reference
Crosstalk Among Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Inflammatory Cytokines: Current Understanding and Future Directions
10.3390/foods14223836 · 2025 · External reference
The KEAP1‐NRF2 System: A Thiol‐Based Sensor‐Effector Apparatus for Maintaining Redox Homeostasis
10.1152/physrev.00023.2017 · 2018 · External reference
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
10.1186/s43556-025-00395-z · 2026 · External reference
Human Gut‐Associated Bifidobacterium Species Salvage Exogenous Indole, a Uremic Toxin Precursor, to Synthesize Indole‐3‐Lactic Acid via Tryptophan
10.1080/19490976.2024.2347728 · 2024 · External reference
Tryptophan Catabolites From Microbiota Engage Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Balance Mucosal Reactivity via Interleukin‐22
10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.003 · 2013 · External reference
CH223191 Is a Ligand‐Selective Antagonist of the Ah (Dioxin) Receptor
10.1093/toxsci/kfq217 · 2010 · External reference
