Research graph
References from Dual Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytochemicals in Influenza A Virus Infection: Targeting Key Host Signaling Pathways. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Plant Extracts as a Source of Antiviral Agents Against Influenza A Virus
10.1093/jambio/lxaf056 · 2025 · External reference
Induction and Subversion of Human Protective Immunity: Contrasting Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00323 · 2018 · External reference
Physicochemical Characterization of Berberine Chloride: A Perspective in the Development of a Solution Dosage Form for Oral Delivery
10.1208/s12249-010-9520-y · 2010 · External reference
Berberine Hampers Influenza a Replication Through Inhibition of MAPK/ERK Pathway
10.3390/v12030344 · 2020 · External reference
Anti‐Inflammatory Mechanisms of Total Flavonoids From Mosla scabra Against Influenza A Virus‐Induced Pneumonia by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification
10.1155/2022/2154485 · 2022 · External reference
Inhibition of H1N1 Influenza A Virus Growth and Induction of Inflammatory Mediators by the Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine and Extracts of Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.002 · 2011 · External reference
Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced by Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses in Primary Human Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cells
10.1186/1465-9921-6-135 · 2005 · External reference
Study on the Anti‐H1N1 Virus Effects of Quercetin and Oseltamivir and Their Mechanism Related to TLR7 Pathway
10.1080/10286020.2012.702108 · 2012 · External reference
Curcumin Inhibits Influenza Virus Infection and Haemagglutination Activity
10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.011 · 2010 · External reference
Inhibition of Enveloped Viruses Infectivity by Curcumin
10.1371/journal.pone.0062482 · 2013 · External reference
Eupatorium fortunei and Its Components Increase Antiviral Immune Responses Against RNA Viruses
10.3389/fphar.2017.00511 · 2017 · External reference
Herbal Medicine Treatment for Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
10.1142/s0192415x20500779 · 2020 · External reference
Medicinal Herbs and Plant Extracts for Influenza: Bioactivity, Mechanism of Anti‐Influenza Effects, and Modulation of Immune Responses
10.1016/b978-0-444-59530-0.00011-3 · 2012 · External reference
Trafficking of Viral Genomic RNA Into and Out of the Nucleus: Influenza, Thogoto and Borna Disease Viruses
10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00159-x · 2003 · External reference
Inhibition of Curcumin on Influenza A Virus Infection and Influenzal Pneumonia via Oxidative Stress, TLR2/4, p38/JNK MAPK and NF‐κB Pathways
10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.009 · 2018 · External reference
Drug Screening for Autophagy Inhibitors Based on the Dissociation of Beclin1‐Bcl2 Complex Using BiFC Technique and Mechanism of Eugenol on Anti‐Influenza A Virus Activity
10.1371/journal.pone.0061026 · 2013 · External reference
TLR7 and TLR8 Activate Distinct Pathways in Monocytes During RNA Virus Infection
10.1126/scisignal.aaw1347 · 2019 · External reference
Innate Antiviral Responses by Means of TLR7‐Mediated Recognition of Single‐Stranded RNA
10.1126/science.1093616 · 2004 · External reference
Andrographolide Inhibits Influenza A Virus‐Induced Inflammation in a Murine Model Through NF‐κB and JAK‐STAT Signaling Pathway
10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.009 · 2017 · External reference
Absolute Oral Bioavailability and Metabolic Turnover of β‐Sitosterol in Healthy Subjects
10.1124/dmd.112.046623 · 2012 · External reference
Scientific Opinion on the Safety of Green Tea Catechins
2018 · External reference
Harnessing RIG‐I and Intrinsic Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment for Therapeutic Cancer Treatment
10.18632/oncotarget.25626 · 2018 · External reference
Natural Products as Antiviral Agents
10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80051-4 · 2000 · External reference
Effect of Sesamin Against Cytokine Production From Influenza Type A H1N1‐Induced Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Computational and Experimental Studies
10.1007/s11626-015-9950-7 · 2016 · External reference
Influenza Virus‐Induced NF‐κB‐Dependent Gene Expression Is Mediated by Overexpression of Viral Proteins and Involves Oxidative Radicals and Activation of IκB Kinase
10.1074/jbc.275.12.8307 · 2000 · External reference
Oligonol a Low Molecular Weight Polyphenol of Lychee Fruit Extract Inhibits Proliferation of Influenza Virus by Blocking Reactive Oxygen Species‐Dependent ERK Phosphorylation
10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.016 · 2010 · External reference
Exploring the Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot Against IAV‐Induced Lung Inflammation by Network Pharmacology
10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0 · 2022 · External reference
Viral Induction of the Human Beta Interferon Promoter: Modulation of Transcription by Nf‐kappa B/Rel Proteins and Interferon Regulatory Factors
10.1128/jvi.68.8.4707-4715.1994 · 1994 · External reference
Pterodontic Acid Isolated From Laggera pterodonta Inhibits Viral Replication and Inflammation Induced by Influenza a Virus
10.3390/molecules22101738 · 2017 · External reference
Curcumin Ameliorates Severe Influenza Pneumonia via Attenuating Lung Injury and Regulating Macrophage Cytokines Production
10.1111/1440-1681.12848 · 2018 · External reference
Influenza Virus Polymerase Inhibitors in Clinical Development
10.1097/qco.0000000000000532 · 2019 · External reference
Natural Plant Flavonoid Apigenin Directly Disrupts Hsp90/Cdc37 Complex and Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth and Migration
10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.052 · 2015 · External reference
Anti‐Influenza Drug Screening and Inhibition of Apigetrin on Influenza A Virus Replication via TLR4 and Autophagy Pathways
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110943 · 2023 · External reference
Absorption of Dietary Quercetin Glycosides and Quercetin in Healthy Ileostomy Volunteers
10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1276 · 1995 · External reference
Anti‐Influenza Virus Effects of Crude Phenylethanoid Glycosides Isolated From Ligustrum purpurascens via Inducing Endogenous Interferon‐γ
10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.019 · 2016 · External reference
MAPK Phosphatase 5 Expression Induced by Influenza and Other RNA Virus Infection Negatively Regulates IRF3 Activation and Type I Interferon Response
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.030 · 2015 · External reference
Berberine Suppresses Proinflammatory Responses Through AMPK Activation in Macrophages
10.1152/ajpendo.90599.2008 · 2009 · External reference
RA‐Inducible Gene‐I Induction Augments STAT1 Activation to Inhibit Leukemia Cell Proliferation
10.1073/pnas.1019059108 · 2011 · External reference
Cistus incanus (CYSTUS052) for Treating Patients With Infection of the Upper Respiratory Tract
10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.001 · 2009 · External reference
Toll‐Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00461 · 2014 · External reference
A New Efficient Synthesis of Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) From (−)‐Shikimic Acid
10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.017 · 2012 · External reference
Inhibition of Influenza Virus Internalization by (−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.002 · 2013 · External reference
NF‐κB Signaling Differentially Regulates Influenza Virus RNA Synthesis
10.1128/jvi.00909-08 · 2008 · External reference
Inhibitory Effects of Oligonol on Phorbol Ester‐Induced Tumor Promotion and COX‐2 Expression in Mouse Skin: NF‐κB and C/EBP as Potential Targets
10.1016/j.canlet.2008.07.039 · 2009 · External reference
Role of Human Toll‐Like Receptors in Naturally Occurring Influenza A Infections
10.1111/irv.12109 · 2013 · External reference
Miquelianin Inhibits IAV Infection via the MAPK Signaling Pathway Both In Vitro and In Vivo
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1532336 · 2025 · External reference
(+)‐Pinoresinol‐O‐β‐D‐Glucopyranoside From Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and Its Anti‐Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects Against Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection
2019 · External reference
Retracted: The Current State of Research on Influenza Antiviral Drug Development: Drugs in Clinical Trial and Licensed Drugs
2023 · External reference
Radix isatidis Polysaccharides Inhibit Influenza a Virus and Influenza A Virus‐Induced Inflammation via Suppression of Host TLR3 Signaling In Vitro
10.3390/molecules22010116 · 2017 · External reference
The Crude Extract From the Flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge Exerts Anti‐Influenza Virus Effects Through Modulation of the TLR3 Signaling Pathway
10.1016/j.jep.2022.115743 · 2023 · External reference
Astragalus membranaceus Treatment Protects Raw264.7 Cells From Influenza Virus by Regulating G1 Phase and the TLR3‐Mediated Signaling Pathway
2019 · External reference
Curcumin‐Like Diarylpentanoid Analogues Exhibit Antiviral and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities in Influenza A Virus‐Infected A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Multiple Retinoic Acid‐Inducible Gene I (RIG‐I)‐Mediated Pathways
10.1186/s12985-025-02914-4 · 2025 · External reference
Casticin Inhibits Interleukin‐1β–Induced ICAM‐1 and MUC5AC Expression by Blocking NF‐κB, PI3K‐Akt, and MAPK Signaling in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
10.18632/oncotarget.20933 · 2017 · External reference
Anti‐Influenza Virus Activities of Flavonoids From the Medicinal Plant Elsholtzia rugulosa
10.1055/s-2008-1074558 · 2008 · External reference
Research Progress on Berberine With a Special Focus on Its Oral Bioavailability
10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.001 · 2016 · External reference
Host and Viral Modulation of RIG‐I‐Mediated Antiviral Immunity
2017 · External reference
A Review‐Plant Medicine and Its Extraction Components Inhibit Influenza Virus
10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130151 · 2025 · External reference
ERK1/2 in Immune Signalling
10.1042/bst20220271 · 2022 · External reference
Recognition of Single‐Stranded RNA Viruses by Toll‐Like Receptor 7
10.1073/pnas.0400937101 · 2004 · External reference
Elderberry Extract Outpatient Influenza Treatment for Emergency Room Patients Ages 5 and Above: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
10.1007/s11606-020-06170-w · 2020 · External reference
Membrane Accumulation of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Triggers Nuclear Export of the Viral Genome via Protein Kinase Cα‐Mediated Activation of ERK Signaling
10.1074/jbc.m510233200 · 2006 · External reference
The Levels of Retinoic Acid‐Inducible Gene I Are Regulated by Heat Shock Protein 90‐α
10.4049/jimmunol.0802933 · 2009 · External reference
In Vitro Effect of Apigenin and Danshen in Tibial Dyschondroplasia Through Inhibition of Heat‐Shock Protein 90 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expressions in Avian Growth Plate Cells
10.1637/11641-032817-regr · 2017 · External reference
Role of Phytocompounds as the Potential Anti‐Viral Agent: An Overview
10.1007/s00210-023-02517-2 · 2023 · External reference
EGCG Induces β‐Defensin 3 Against Influenza A Virus H1N1 by the MAPK Signaling Pathway
2020 · External reference
Toll‐Like Receptor 4 in Acute Viral Infection: Too Much of a Good Thing
10.1371/journal.ppat.1007390 · 2018 · External reference
Bioavailabilities of Quercetin‐3‐Glucoside and Quercetin‐4′‐Glucoside Do Not Differ in Humans
10.1093/jn/130.5.1200 · 2000 · External reference
The Influenza Virus NEP (NS2 Protein) Mediates the Nuclear Export of Viral Ribonucleoproteins
10.1093/emboj/17.1.288 · 1998 · External reference
Expression of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Activates Transcription Factor NF‐kappa B
10.1128/jvi.69.3.1480-1484.1995 · 1995 · External reference
Influenza: Old and New Threats
10.1038/nm1141 · 2004 · External reference
Efficient Influenza A Virus Replication in the Respiratory Tract Requires Signals From TLR7 and RIG‐I
10.1073/pnas.1303275110 · 2013 · External reference
Interleukin‐6 Is a Potential Biomarker for Severe Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Infection
10.1371/journal.pone.0038214 · 2012 · External reference
Inhibition of Influenza Virus‐Induced NF‐kappaB and Raf/MEK/ERK Activation Can Reduce Both Virus Titers and Cytokine Expression Simultaneously In Vitro and In Vivo
10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.05.009 · 2011 · External reference
Pattern Recognition Receptor Immunomodulation of Innate Immunity as a Strategy to Limit the Impact of Influenza Virus
10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-290r · 2017 · External reference
RNA Viruses and the Mitogenic Raf/MEK/ERK Signal Transduction Cascade
10.1515/bc.2008.145 · 2008 · External reference
Influenza Virus Propagation Is Impaired by Inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK Signalling Cascade
10.1038/35060098 · 2001 · External reference
Regulation of IFN‐Alpha/Beta, MxA, 2′,5′‐Oligoadenylate Synthetase, and HLA Gene Expression in Influenza A‐Infected Human Lung Epithelial Cells
10.4049/jimmunol.158.5.2363 · 1997 · External reference
Inhibitory Effects of Eight Green Tea Catechins on Cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 Activities
10.18433/j3ms5c · 2016 · External reference
A Review on Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Polysaccharides From Indian Medicinal Plants, Which May Be Beneficial to COVID‐19 Infected Patients
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.162 · 2021 · External reference
Anti‐Influenza A Virus Mechanism of Three Representative Compounds From Flos Trollii via TLRs Signaling Pathways
10.1016/j.jep.2020.112634 · 2020 · External reference
Effect of Flavonoids on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Immune Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
10.3945/an.115.010538 · 2016 · External reference
Immunomodulatory Effects of Crude Phenylethanoid Glycosides From Ligustrum purpurascens
10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.047 · 2012 · External reference
Pre‐Clinical Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Epigalocatechin‐3‐Gallate, a Component of Green Tea, Against Influenza a (H1N1) Pdm Viruses
10.3390/v15122447 · 2023 · External reference
Systematic Review of Influenza Resistance to the Neuraminidase Inhibitors
10.1186/1471-2334-11-134 · 2011 · External reference
Dihydromyricetin Is a New Inhibitor of Influenza Polymerase PB2 Subunit and Influenza‐Induced Inflammation
10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.021 · 2020 · External reference
3,4,5‐Tri‐O‐Caffeoylquinic Acid Attenuates Influenza A Virus Induced Inflammation Through Toll‐Like Receptor 3/7 Activated Signaling Pathway
10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155896 · 2024 · External reference
Pterodontic Acid Isolated From Laggera pterodonta Suppressed RIG‐I/NF‐KB/STAT1/Type I Interferon and Programmed Death‐Ligand 1/2 Activation Induced by Influenza A Virus In Vitro
10.1007/s10787-019-00571-y · 2019 · External reference
Inhibition of Influenza Virus via a Sesquiterpene Fraction Isolated From Laggera pterodonta by Targeting the NF‐κB and p38 Pathways
10.1186/s12906-016-1528-8 · 2017 · External reference
Berberine Inhibits Free Fatty Acid and LPS‐Induced Inflammation via Modulating ER Stress Response in Macrophages and Hepatocytes
10.1371/journal.pone.0232630 · 2020 · External reference
Evolution and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses
10.1128/mr.56.1.152-179.1992 · 1992 · External reference
Activation of Protein Kinase C Alpha Is Required for TPA‐Triggered ERK (MAPK) Signaling and Growth Inhibition of Human Hepatoma Cell HepG2
10.1007/s11373-005-1210-5 · 2005 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
NF‐κB‐Dependent Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Related Apoptosis‐Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and Fas/FasL Is Crucial for Efficient Influenza Virus Propagation
10.1074/jbc.m403258200 · 2004 · External reference
Caspase 3 Activation Is Essential for Efficient Influenza Virus Propagation
10.1093/emboj/cdg279 · 2003 · External reference
Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate Inhibits TLR4 Signaling Through the 67‐kDa Laminin Receptor and Effectively Alleviates Acute Lung Injury Induced by H9N2 Swine Influenza Virus
10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.023 · 2017 · External reference
Apigenin Suppresses Influenza A Virus‐Induced RIG‐I Activation and Viral Replication
10.1002/jmv.26403 · 2020 · External reference
Curcumin Alleviates Macrophage Activation and Lung Inflammation Induced by Influenza Virus Infection Through Inhibiting the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
10.1111/irv.12459 · 2017 · External reference
Cirsimaritin Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication by Downregulating the NF‐κB Signal Transduction Pathway
10.1186/s12985-018-0995-6 · 2018 · External reference
Bioavailability Issues in Studying the Health Effects of Plant Polyphenolic Compounds
2008 · External reference
Mosla scabra Flavonoids Ameliorate the Influenza A Virus‐Induced Lung Injury and Water Transport Abnormality via the Inhibition of PRR and AQP Signaling Pathways in Mice
10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.034 · 2016 · External reference
Regulation of Host Immune Responses Against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs)
10.3390/microorganisms8071067 · 2020 · External reference
Inhibition Effects of Patchouli Alcohol Against Influenza a Virus Through Targeting Cellular PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathways
10.1186/s12985-019-1266-x · 2019 · External reference
Randomized Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Elderberry Extract in the Treatment of Influenza A and B Virus Infections
10.1177/147323000403200205 · 2004 · External reference
Inhibitory Effects and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Total Flavonoids in Mosla chinensis Maxim Against H1N1 Influenza Virus
10.1007/s00011-017-1109-4 · 2018 · External reference
Carvacrol Inhibits the Excessive Immune Response Induced by Influenza Virus A via Suppressing Viral Replication and TLR/RLR Pattern Recognition
10.1016/j.jep.2020.113555 · 2021 · External reference
Phosphorylation of NF‐κB p65 by PKA Stimulates Transcriptional Activity by Promoting a Novel Bivalent Interaction With the Coactivator CBP/P300
10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80066-0 · 1998 · External reference
DMO‐CAP Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Activating Heme Oxygenase‐1‐Mediated IFN Response
10.1186/s12985-019-1125-9 · 2019 · External reference
Santin Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication Through Regulating MAPKs and NF‐κB Pathways
10.1080/10286020.2018.1520221 · 2019 · External reference
β‐Sitosterol Ameliorates Influenza A Virus‐Induced Proinflammatory Response and Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Disrupting the Cross‐Talk Between RIG‐I and IFN/STAT Signaling
10.1038/s41401-020-0403-9 · 2020 · External reference
(‐)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate Induces Interferon‐λ2 Expression to Anti‐Influenza A Virus in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS‐2B) Through p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
10.21037/jtd.2020.03.20 · 2020 · External reference
