Research graph
References from Pregnancy and thyroid hormone status. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
2017 guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum
10.1089/thy.2016.0457 · 2017 · External reference
Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Danish nationwide study
10.1210/jc.2013-2831 · 2013 · External reference
Maternal and fetal thyroid function
10.1056/nejm199410203311608 · 1994 · External reference
Impact of thyroid autoimmunity on assisted reproductive technology outcomes and ovarian reserve markers: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1089/thy.2021.0656 · 2022 · External reference
Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes
10.1097/01.aog.0000169597.61122.be · 2005 · External reference
Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy
10.1056/nejmoa1606205 · 2017 · External reference
Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy
10.1056/nejmoa1606205 · 2017 · External reference
The role of the placenta in thyroid hormone delivery to the fetus
10.1038/ncpendmet1026 · 2009 · External reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage: A meta-analysis
10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03974.x · 2011 · External reference
Thyroid hormone transporters in a human placental cell model
10.1089/thy.2021.0503 · 2022 · External reference
Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.2019.10931 · 2019 · External reference
Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development
10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.012 · 2004 · External reference
Association of maternal thyroid function with birthweight: A systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis
10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30061-9 · 2020 · External reference
Levothyroxine in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies before conception
10.1056/nejmoa1812537 · 2019 · External reference
Differences in diagnostic criteria mask the true prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnancy: Asystematic review and meta-analysis
10.1089/thy.2018.0475 · 2019 · External reference
Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation
10.1530/joe-14-0025 · 2014 · External reference
The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: Pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology
10.1210/edrv.18.3.0300 · 1997 · External reference
Pregnancy and iodine
10.1089/105072501300176426 · 2001 · External reference
Pregnancy in patients with mild thyroid abnormalities: Maternal and neonatal repercussions
10.1210/jcem-73-2-421 · 1991 · External reference
Transient hyperthyroidism and hyperemesis gravidarum: Clinical aspects
10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91565-8 · 1992 · External reference
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: Effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child behavior
10.1210/clinem/dgz098 · 2020 · External reference
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: Effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child cognition
10.1210/jc.2017-02378 · 2018 · External reference
Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: The generation R study
10.1210/jc.2010-0415 · 2010 · External reference
Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in the human uteroplacental unit and in fetal epithelium
10.1210/jc.2002-021291 · 2003 · External reference
The effect of thyroid autoimmunity on T-cell responses in early pregnancy
10.1016/j.jri.2015.04.002 · 2015 · External reference
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and child brain morphology: A time window-specific analysis of a prospective cohort
10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30153-6 · 2019 · External reference
Thyroid hormone action in the placenta
10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.004 · 2005 · External reference
Effect of levothyroxine treatment on in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcome in infertile women with subclinical hypothyroidism undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.004 · 2011 · External reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and its association with cellular and humoral immunity in women with reproductive failures
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00911.x · 2011 · External reference
Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.2019.10931 · 2019 · External reference
Thyroid disease in pregnancy: New insights in diagnosis and clinical management
10.1038/nrendo.2017.93 · 2017 · External reference
Association of maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy with offspring IQ and brain morphology in childhood: A population-based prospective cohort study
10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00327-7 · 2016 · External reference
Thyroid autoimmunity impairs the thyroidal response to human chorionic gonadotropin: Two population-based prospective cohort studies
2017 · External reference
Management of Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: Focus on both maternal and fetal thyroid function, and caution against surgical thyroidectomy in pregnancy
10.1530/eje-08-0663 · 2009 · External reference
Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function
10.1056/nejmoa1106104 · 2012 · External reference
Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function
10.1056/nejmoa1106104 · 2012 · External reference
2014 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children
10.1159/000362597 · 2014 · External reference
Levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism improves the rate of live births in pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial
10.1080/09513590.2022.2063831 · 2022 · External reference
Thyroid function in early pregnancy, child IQ, and autistic traits: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
10.1210/jc.2018-00224 · 2018 · External reference
Risk factors for thyroid function test abnormalities during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature to validate current risk factors and identify novel ones
10.1089/thy.2024.0743 · 2025 · External reference
The expression of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood and follicular fluid of patients testing positive for anti-thyroid autoantibodies and its influence on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnancy outcomes
10.1080/09513590.2018.1459546 · 2018 · External reference
Management of Graves' disease during pregnancy: The key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring
10.1210/jc.2004-2555 · 2005 · External reference
Regulatory T cells in human autoimmune thyroid disease
10.1210/jc.2005-2337 · 2006 · External reference
The immune system in pregnancy: A unique complexity
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x · 2010 · External reference
Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: Effects on obstetrical complications
10.1210/jc.2005-1603 · 2006 · External reference
Levothyroxine treatment in thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women undergoing assisted reproduction technologies: A prospective study
10.1093/humrep/deh843 · 2005 · External reference
TSH and FT4 reference intervals in pregnancy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
10.1210/clinem/dgac425 · 2022 · External reference
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and thyroid function in early human pregnancy: Circadian variation and evidence for intrinsic thyrotropic activity of hCG
10.1210/jcem-66-4-853 · 1988 · External reference
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: A 3-year follow-up study
10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01822.x · 2003 · External reference
Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy
10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00639.x · 1999 · External reference
Thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in infertile women
10.1089/105072502320908330 · 2002 · External reference
The role of thyroid autoimmunity in fertility and pregnancy
10.1038/ncpendmet0846 · 2008 · External reference
Levothyroxine for subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1007/s00404-024-07512-3 · 2024 · External reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage
10.1530/eje.0.1500751 · 2004 · External reference
ESHRE guideline: Recurrent pregnancy loss: An update in 2022
2023 · External reference
Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory t-cell paradigm in pregnancy
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00852.x · 2010 · External reference
Effects of levothyroxine treatment on fertility and pregnancy outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1089/thy.2023.0546 · 2024 · External reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and its negative impact on female fertility and maternal pregnancy outcomes
10.3389/fendo.2022.1049665 · 2023 · External reference
Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review
2021 · External reference
Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: Meta-analysis of evidence
10.1136/bmj.d2616 · 2011 · External reference
Maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency during pregnancy and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1111/cen.13550 · 2018 · External reference
Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: A systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis
10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00007-9 · 2022 · External reference
Maternal thyrotropin receptor antibody concentration and the risk of fetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis: A systematic review
10.1089/thy.2017.0413 · 2018 · External reference
Levothyroxine in euthyroid thyroid peroxidase antibody positive women with recurrent pregnancy loss (T4LIFE trial): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00045-6 · 2022 · External reference
Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders
10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70225-6 · 2015 · External reference
Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.2019.10931 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Levothyroxine for subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1007/s00404-024-07512-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development
10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.012 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of levothyroxine treatment on in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcome in infertile women with subclinical hypothyroidism undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of thyroid autoimmunity on T-cell responses in early pregnancy
10.1016/j.jri.2015.04.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid hormone action in the placenta
10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Transient hyperthyroidism and hyperemesis gravidarum: Clinical aspects
10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91565-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders
10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70225-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association of maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy with offspring IQ and brain morphology in childhood: A population-based prospective cohort study
10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00327-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and child brain morphology: A time window-specific analysis of a prospective cohort
10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30153-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association of maternal thyroid function with birthweight: A systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis
10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30061-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: A systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis
10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00007-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Levothyroxine in euthyroid thyroid peroxidase antibody positive women with recurrent pregnancy loss (T4LIFE trial): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00045-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of thyroid autoimmunity in fertility and pregnancy
10.1038/ncpendmet0846 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of the placenta in thyroid hormone delivery to the fetus
10.1038/ncpendmet1026 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid disease in pregnancy: New insights in diagnosis and clinical management
10.1038/nrendo.2017.93 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy
10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00639.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: A 3-year follow-up study
10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01822.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal and fetal thyroid function
10.1056/nejm199410203311608 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function
10.1056/nejmoa1106104 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy
10.1056/nejmoa1606205 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Levothyroxine in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies before conception
10.1056/nejmoa1812537 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The expression of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood and follicular fluid of patients testing positive for anti-thyroid autoantibodies and its influence on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnancy outcomes
10.1080/09513590.2018.1459546 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism improves the rate of live births in pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial
10.1080/09513590.2022.2063831 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pregnancy and iodine
10.1089/105072501300176426 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in infertile women
10.1089/105072502320908330 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
2017 guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum
10.1089/thy.2016.0457 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyrotropin receptor antibody concentration and the risk of fetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis: A systematic review
10.1089/thy.2017.0413 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Differences in diagnostic criteria mask the true prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnancy: Asystematic review and meta-analysis
10.1089/thy.2018.0475 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid hormone transporters in a human placental cell model
10.1089/thy.2021.0503 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of thyroid autoimmunity on assisted reproductive technology outcomes and ovarian reserve markers: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1089/thy.2021.0656 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of levothyroxine treatment on fertility and pregnancy outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1089/thy.2023.0546 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Risk factors for thyroid function test abnormalities during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature to validate current risk factors and identify novel ones
10.1089/thy.2024.0743 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Levothyroxine treatment in thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women undergoing assisted reproduction technologies: A prospective study
10.1093/humrep/deh843 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes
10.1097/01.aog.0000169597.61122.be · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency during pregnancy and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1111/cen.13550 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage: A meta-analysis
10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03974.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The immune system in pregnancy: A unique complexity
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory t-cell paradigm in pregnancy
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00852.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and its association with cellular and humoral immunity in women with reproductive failures
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00911.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: Meta-analysis of evidence
10.1136/bmj.d2616 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
2014 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children
10.1159/000362597 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
TSH and FT4 reference intervals in pregnancy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
10.1210/clinem/dgac425 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: Effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child behavior
10.1210/clinem/dgz098 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: Pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology
10.1210/edrv.18.3.0300 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in the human uteroplacental unit and in fetal epithelium
10.1210/jc.2002-021291 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Management of Graves' disease during pregnancy: The key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring
10.1210/jc.2004-2555 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: Effects on obstetrical complications
10.1210/jc.2005-1603 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Regulatory T cells in human autoimmune thyroid disease
10.1210/jc.2005-2337 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: The generation R study
10.1210/jc.2010-0415 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Danish nationwide study
10.1210/jc.2013-2831 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: Effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child cognition
10.1210/jc.2017-02378 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid function in early pregnancy, child IQ, and autistic traits: A meta-analysis of individual participant data
10.1210/jc.2018-00224 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and thyroid function in early human pregnancy: Circadian variation and evidence for intrinsic thyrotropic activity of hCG
10.1210/jcem-66-4-853 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pregnancy in patients with mild thyroid abnormalities: Maternal and neonatal repercussions
10.1210/jcem-73-2-421 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Management of Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: Focus on both maternal and fetal thyroid function, and caution against surgical thyroidectomy in pregnancy
10.1530/eje-08-0663 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage
10.1530/eje.0.1500751 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation
10.1530/joe-14-0025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid autoimmunity and its negative impact on female fertility and maternal pregnancy outcomes
10.3389/fendo.2022.1049665 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
