Research graph
References from Levothyroxine treatments in pregnancy and impact on cognition in offspring. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Thyroid disease in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 223
10.1097/aog.0000000000003893 · 2020 · External reference
Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism
10.1056/nejmoa040079 · 2004 · External reference
2017 guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum
10.1089/thy.2016.0457 · 2017 · External reference
Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications: Implications for population screening
10.1136/jms.7.3.127 · 2000 · External reference
Multisensory stimulation improves cognition and behavior in adult male rats born to LT4-treated thyroidectomized dams
10.1210/endocr/bqac105 · 2022 · External reference
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and offspring white matter microstructure in early adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study
10.1089/thy.2022.0699 · 2023 · External reference
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypothyroidism
10.1590/s0004-27302013000400003 · 2013 · External reference
Minireview: Developmental regulation of thyrotropin receptor gene expression in the fetal and newborn thyroid
10.1210/en.2004-0458 · 2004 · External reference
Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats. Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain
10.1172/jci114790 · 1990 · External reference
Utilização dos testes de função tireoidiana na prática clínica
10.1590/s0004-27302013000300005 · 2013 · External reference
Hypothyroidism
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30703-1 · 2017 · External reference
Maternal thyroid dysfunction and neuropsychological development in children
10.1210/clinem/dgac577 · 2023 · External reference
The impact of gestational hypothyroxinemia on the cognitive and motor development of offspring
10.1080/14767058.2018.1529749 · 2020 · External reference
Hypothyroidism in context: Where we've been and where we're going
10.1007/s12325-019-01080-8 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Anatomy and development of the thyroid
2015 · External reference
Maternal prenatal thyroid function and offspring ADHD: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort
10.1097/nmd.0000000000000891 · 2018 · External reference
The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: A meta-analysis
10.1210/jc.2013-2409 · 2014 · External reference
Impaired learning and memory performance in a subclinical hypothyroidism rat model induced by hemi-thyroid electrocauterisation
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02297.x · 2012 · External reference
Downstream effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy: Nonverbal IQ and brain morphology in school-age children
10.1210/jc.2013-4281 · 2014 · External reference
Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy
10.1210/jcem-71-2-276 · 1990 · External reference
Maternal iodine intake and neurodevelopment of offspring: The Japan environment and children's study
10.3390/nu14091826 · 2022 · External reference
Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)
10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182 · 2002 · External reference
Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020709 · 2022 · External reference
Transforming growth factor-β promotes inactivation of extracellular thyroid hormones via transcriptional stimulation of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase
10.1210/me.2005-0173 · 2005 · External reference
Brain reorganization following intervention in children with congenital hemiplegia: A systematic review
10.1155/2013/356275 · 2013 · External reference
Clinical associations of maternal thyroid function with foetal brain development: Epidemiological interpretation and overview of available evidence
10.1111/cen.13724 · 2018 · External reference
Prenatal thyroxine treatment promotes anxiolysis in male Swiss mice offspring
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.008 · 2019 · External reference
Thyroid regulation and dysfunction in the pregnant patient
2000 · External reference
Treatment with levothyroxine in pregnant rats with subclinical hypothyroidism improves cell migration in the developing brain of the progeny
2012 · External reference
Thyroid function in pregnancy: What is normal?
10.1373/clinchem.2014.236646 · 2015 · External reference
Is thyroid hormone signaling relevant for vertebrate embryogenesis?
10.1016/b978-0-12-385979-2.00013-7 · 2013 · External reference
Association of maternal thyroglobulin with gestational thyroid function and offspring IQ and brain morphology
10.1210/clinem/dgae679 · 2025 · External reference
Clinical aspects of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid screening in pregnancy
10.4158/ep13350.ra · 2014 · External reference
Maternal hypothyroxinemia impairs spatial learning and synaptic nature and function in the offspring
10.1210/en.2008-0560 · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1994 · External reference
Evidence for training-induced plasticity in multisensory brain structures: An MEG study
10.1371/annotation/6faed8de-2067-4913-bd8a-f87151cc74c1 · 2012 · External reference
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: A 3-year follow-up study
10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01822.x · 2003 · External reference
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening study III: Effects of gestational thyroid status on adolescent brain morphology
10.1210/clinem/dgae338 · 2025 · External reference
The Brazilian consensus for the clinical approach and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in adults: Recommendations of the thyroid department of the Brazilian society of endocrinology and metabolism
10.1590/s0004-27302013000300003 · 2013 · External reference
Benefits of multisensory learning
10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.006 · 2008 · External reference
Thyroid in pregnancy: From physiology to screening
10.1080/10408363.2016.1269309 · 2017 · External reference
Epidemiology of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and positive thyroid antibodies in the Croatian population
10.3390/biology11030394 · 2022 · External reference
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy
10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70109-8 · 2013 · External reference
Iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women does not improve maternal thyroid function or child development: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
10.3389/fendo.2020.572984 · 2020 · External reference
Developmental hypothyroxinemia and hypothyroidism reduce proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors in rat offspring by downregulation of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway
10.1007/s12035-013-8587-3 · 2014 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01733.x · 2008 · External reference
Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring hippocampus and memory
10.1089/thy.2013.0215 · 2014 · External reference
Interaction between maternal thyroid hormone levels and pregnancy-related anxiety on birth outcomes-A birth cohort study
10.1016/j.jad.2025.119646 · 2025 · External reference
Neuroplastic effects of music lessons on hippocampal volume in children with congenital hypothyroidism
10.1097/wnr.0000000000000031 · 2013 · External reference
Effects of thyroid diseases on pregnancy outcomes
2019 · External reference
Developmental hypothyroxinemia and hypothyroidism reduce proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors in rat offspring by downregulation of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway
10.1007/s12035-013-8587-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hypothyroidism in context: Where we've been and where we're going
10.1007/s12325-019-01080-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is thyroid hormone signaling relevant for vertebrate embryogenesis?
10.1016/b978-0-12-385979-2.00013-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Interaction between maternal thyroid hormone levels and pregnancy-related anxiety on birth outcomes-A birth cohort study
10.1016/j.jad.2025.119646 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Benefits of multisensory learning
10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prenatal thyroxine treatment promotes anxiolysis in male Swiss mice offspring
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hypothyroidism
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30703-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy
10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70109-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: A 3-year follow-up study
10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01822.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism
10.1056/nejmoa040079 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid in pregnancy: From physiology to screening
10.1080/10408363.2016.1269309 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of gestational hypothyroxinemia on the cognitive and motor development of offspring
10.1080/14767058.2018.1529749 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring hippocampus and memory
10.1089/thy.2013.0215 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
2017 guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum
10.1089/thy.2016.0457 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and offspring white matter microstructure in early adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study
10.1089/thy.2022.0699 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid disease in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 223
10.1097/aog.0000000000003893 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal prenatal thyroid function and offspring ADHD: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort
10.1097/nmd.0000000000000891 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neuroplastic effects of music lessons on hippocampal volume in children with congenital hypothyroidism
10.1097/wnr.0000000000000031 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical associations of maternal thyroid function with foetal brain development: Epidemiological interpretation and overview of available evidence
10.1111/cen.13724 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01733.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impaired learning and memory performance in a subclinical hypothyroidism rat model induced by hemi-thyroid electrocauterisation
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02297.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications: Implications for population screening
10.1136/jms.7.3.127 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Brain reorganization following intervention in children with congenital hemiplegia: A systematic review
10.1155/2013/356275 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats. Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain
10.1172/jci114790 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal thyroid dysfunction and neuropsychological development in children
10.1210/clinem/dgac577 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening study III: Effects of gestational thyroid status on adolescent brain morphology
10.1210/clinem/dgae338 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association of maternal thyroglobulin with gestational thyroid function and offspring IQ and brain morphology
10.1210/clinem/dgae679 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Minireview: Developmental regulation of thyrotropin receptor gene expression in the fetal and newborn thyroid
10.1210/en.2004-0458 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal hypothyroxinemia impairs spatial learning and synaptic nature and function in the offspring
10.1210/en.2008-0560 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Multisensory stimulation improves cognition and behavior in adult male rats born to LT4-treated thyroidectomized dams
10.1210/endocr/bqac105 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: A meta-analysis
10.1210/jc.2013-2409 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Downstream effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy: Nonverbal IQ and brain morphology in school-age children
10.1210/jc.2013-4281 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy
10.1210/jcem-71-2-276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)
10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Transforming growth factor-β promotes inactivation of extracellular thyroid hormones via transcriptional stimulation of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase
10.1210/me.2005-0173 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evidence for training-induced plasticity in multisensory brain structures: An MEG study
10.1371/annotation/6faed8de-2067-4913-bd8a-f87151cc74c1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid function in pregnancy: What is normal?
10.1373/clinchem.2014.236646 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Brazilian consensus for the clinical approach and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in adults: Recommendations of the thyroid department of the Brazilian society of endocrinology and metabolism
10.1590/s0004-27302013000300003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Utilização dos testes de função tireoidiana na prática clínica
10.1590/s0004-27302013000300005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypothyroidism
10.1590/s0004-27302013000400003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women does not improve maternal thyroid function or child development: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
10.3389/fendo.2020.572984 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020709 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Epidemiology of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and positive thyroid antibodies in the Croatian population
10.3390/biology11030394 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal iodine intake and neurodevelopment of offspring: The Japan environment and children's study
10.3390/nu14091826 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical aspects of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid screening in pregnancy
10.4158/ep13350.ra · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
