References

2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

10.1161/cir.0000000000001193 · 2024 · External reference

2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)

10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176 · 2024 · External reference

2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation

10.1093/europace/euae043 · 2024 · External reference

Persistent atrial fibrillation in the setting of pulmonary vein isolation-Where to next?

10.1111/jce.14298 · 2020 · External reference

Revisiting pulmonary vein isolation alone for persistent atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.003 · 2017 · External reference

Predictors of nonpulmonary vein triggers for atrial fibrillation: A clinical risk score

10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.048 · 2024 · External reference

Clarifying the Definition of Non-Pulmonary Vein Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation

10.1016/j.jacep.2019.08.004 · 2019 · External reference

How to ablate long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation?

10.1097/hco.0b013e32835b59bb · 2013 · External reference

Adjunct ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation-beyond pulmonary vein isolation

2015 · External reference

Prevalence and distribution of focal triggers in persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation

10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.10.023 · 2016 · External reference

Extra-Pulmonary Vein Triggers at de novo and the Repeat Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation

10.3389/fcvm.2021.759967 · 2021 · External reference

Techniques for the provocation, localization, and ablation of non-pulmonary vein triggers for atrial fibrillation

10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.02.030 · 2017 · External reference

Incremental Benefit of Stepwise Nonpulmonary Vein Trigger Provocation During Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

10.1016/j.jacep.2024.06.005 · 2024 · External reference

Effect of isolation feasibility of non-pulmonary vein foci on efficacy of ablation for atrial fibrillation: comparison of the isolation and focal ablation methods

10.1007/s10840-022-01217-w · 2022 · External reference

Targeting non-pulmonary vein triggers in persistent atrial fibrillation: results from a prospective, multicentre, observational registry

10.1093/europace/euab161 · 2021 · External reference

Effect of Catheter Ablation Using Pulmonary Vein Isolation With vs Without Posterior Left Atrial Wall Isolation on Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The CAPLA Randomized Clinical Trial

10.1001/jama.2022.23722 · 2023 · External reference

Effect of MRI-Guided Fibrosis Ablation vs Conventional Catheter Ablation on Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The DECAAF II Randomized Clinical Trial

10.1001/jama.2022.8831 · 2022 · External reference

PVI-only is not enough for all patients with persistent AF: A FLOW-AF subgroup analysis

10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.10.037 · 2025 · External reference

Approaches to catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation

10.1056/nejmoa1408288 · 2015 · External reference

Adjunctive posterior wall isolation for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: the CORNERSTONE AF trial

10.1093/eurheartj/ehag486 · 2026 · External reference

Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation Plus Low-Voltage Area Modification in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The STABLE-SR-II Trial

10.1016/j.jacep.2022.03.012 · 2022 · External reference

Low-voltage-area ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial

10.1038/s41591-025-03674-y · 2025 · External reference

Low-Voltage Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The IDEAL-AF Randomized Clinical Trial

10.1001/jama.2026.17274 · 2026 · External reference

Pulsed-field vs radiofrequency ablation for posterior wall isolation in persistent atrial fibrillation: A propensity-matched outcome analysis

10.1016/j.hroo.2025.12.023 · 2026 · External reference

Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using Pulsed Field Ablation With vs Without Posterior Wall Isolation in Patients With Symptomatic Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The PIFPAF-PFA Randomized Clinical Trial

10.1001/jama.2026.17598 · 2026 · External reference

Pulsed Field or Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

10.1056/nejmoa2502280 · 2025 · External reference

Pulmonary Vein Isolation With Optimized Linear Ablation vs Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone for Persistent AF: The PROMPT-AF Randomized Clinical Trial

10.1001/jama.2024.24438 · 2025 · External reference

Non-Pulmonary Vein Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation Are Likely to Arise from Low-Voltage Areas in the Left Atrium

10.1038/s41598-019-48669-1 · 2019 · External reference

Characterization of left atrial activation in the intact human heart

10.1161/01.cir.0000048140.31785.02 · 2003 · External reference

Ganglionated Plexi Ablation: Physiology and Clinical Applications

10.15420/aer2017.26.1 · 2017 · External reference