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References from Performance evaluation of dual-mode vapor chamber for PEM fuel cell and machine learning assisted parameter optimization. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
A review of thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems
10.1063/5.0127596 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Thermal management of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a critical review of heat transfer mechanisms, cooling approaches, and advanced cooling techniques analysis
10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115221 · 2022 · External reference
Temperature uniformity improvement of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultra-thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115192 · 2020 · External reference
A comprehensive review of primary cooling techniques and thermal management strategies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells PEMFC
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38556 · 2024 · External reference
Experimental study on heat transfer performance of vapor chambers with potential applications in thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115847 · 2020 · External reference
Thermal performance enhancement of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells by vapor chambers
10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112830 · 2020 · External reference
Effect of vapor chamber on thermo-electrical characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122766 · 2024 · External reference
Rapid thermal response and sensitivity analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultra-thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117526 · 2021 · External reference
Design and experimental study of a novel vapor chamber for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124949 · 2024 · External reference
Development of an additively manufactured vapor chamber using hybrid wick structures
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126442 · 2025 · External reference
Improvement of thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack used for portable devices by integrating the ultrathin vapor chamber
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.185 · 2021 · External reference
A hybrid optimization strategy of electrical efficiency about cooling PEMFC combined with ultra-thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115301 · 2022 · External reference
Cooling efficiency optimization on air-cooling PEMFC stack with thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119238 · 2022 · External reference
Vapor-liquid coplanar structure enables high thermal conductive and extremely ultrathin vapor chamber
10.1016/j.energy.2024.131689 · 2024 · External reference
A review of vapor chambers
10.1080/01457632.2018.1480868 · 2019 · External reference
Thermal characteristics analysis of a novel vapor chamber suitable for air-cooled PEMFC thermal management
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127575 · 2025 · External reference
Optimizing parasitic pumping power in proton exchange membrane fuel cells via bio-inspired cooling channels guided by constructal theory and Murray’s law
10.3390/batteries12080276 · 2026 · External reference
Thermal management of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with pyrolytic graphite sheets and fans combined
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.052 · 2011 · External reference
Numerical study of bidirectional heat transfer enhancement on an extruded tube with dimples and protrusions
10.1016/j.csite.2026.108082 · 2026 · External reference
Heating performance investigation of a bidirectional partition fluid thermal diode
10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.020 · 2010 · External reference
Experimental study of a passive thermal management system using vapor chamber for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack
10.1016/j.renene.2023.119095 · 2023 · External reference
A high capability vapor chamber in thermal management of high power and heat flux chips
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.127574 · 2025 · External reference
A hybrid heat sink by integrating liquid cooling with a dropwise-enhanced vapor chamber
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.127007 · 2025 · External reference
A two-phase liquid immersion cooling strategy utilizing vapor chamber heat spreader for data center servers
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118289 · 2022 · External reference
Thermal management of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229314 · 2021 · External reference
Optimization of the coupling groove parameters of composite porous vapor chamber
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.118007 · 2022 · External reference
Comparative evaluation of the ANN and RSM predictive modeling of the evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R290 in a plate heat exchanger
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.131135 · 2026 · External reference
Predicting of thermal resistances of closed vertical meandering pulsating heat pipe using artificial neural network model
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.142 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2002 · External reference
The physics and manipulation of Dean vortices in single- and two-phase flow in curved microchannels: a review
10.3390/mi14122202 · 2023 · External reference
A review of flow and heat transfer characteristics in curved tubes
10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.014 · 2006 · External reference
A transient heat pipe model considering wick saturation effects that predicts dynamic evaporator dryout and recovery
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126837 · 2025 · External reference
Experimental investigation of wick structure regulation on thermal performance of thin-flat high-temperature heat pipes
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130359 · 2026 · External reference
Performance analysis of Dowtherm A heat pipe with internal vapor monitoring
10.1016/j.nucengdes.2025.114049 · 2025 · External reference
Visualization of internal vapor redistribution in a wick-assisted rotating heat pipe using neutron radiography and synchronized thermal measurements
10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111838 · 2026 · External reference
Transient dryout and rewetting in a screen-wick heat pipe under pulsed heat loads with internal temperature and pressure measurement
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127222 · 2025 · External reference
Adaptive thermal management for cooling parasitic power reduction in FCEVs
10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111911 · 2026 · External reference
Heat transfer optimization in a fluid-filled porous hexagonal cavity using finite element modeling, artificial neural networks, and response surface methodology
2026 · External reference
Thermal performance investigation of vapor chamber under partial heating and different heat flux conditions: effects of inclination angle
10.1115/1.4066664 · 2025 · External reference
Study of the effect of tilt angle on the vaporization processes in a flat gravity heat pipe with a threaded evaporator
10.1007/s10973-023-12303-0 · 2023 · External reference
Study of the effect of tilt angle on the vaporization processes in a flat gravity heat pipe with a threaded evaporator
10.1007/s10973-023-12303-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Temperature uniformity improvement of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultra-thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115192 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of vapor chamber on thermo-electrical characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122766 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predicting of thermal resistances of closed vertical meandering pulsating heat pipe using artificial neural network model
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.142 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Experimental study on heat transfer performance of vapor chambers with potential applications in thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115847 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rapid thermal response and sensitivity analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultra-thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117526 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Optimization of the coupling groove parameters of composite porous vapor chamber
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.118007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A two-phase liquid immersion cooling strategy utilizing vapor chamber heat spreader for data center servers
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118289 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cooling efficiency optimization on air-cooling PEMFC stack with thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119238 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of an additively manufactured vapor chamber using hybrid wick structures
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126442 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A hybrid heat sink by integrating liquid cooling with a dropwise-enhanced vapor chamber
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.127007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A high capability vapor chamber in thermal management of high power and heat flux chips
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.127574 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Experimental investigation of wick structure regulation on thermal performance of thin-flat high-temperature heat pipes
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130359 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparative evaluation of the ANN and RSM predictive modeling of the evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R290 in a plate heat exchanger
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.131135 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Numerical study of bidirectional heat transfer enhancement on an extruded tube with dimples and protrusions
10.1016/j.csite.2026.108082 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal performance enhancement of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells by vapor chambers
10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112830 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal management of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: a critical review of heat transfer mechanisms, cooling approaches, and advanced cooling techniques analysis
10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115221 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A hybrid optimization strategy of electrical efficiency about cooling PEMFC combined with ultra-thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115301 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Vapor-liquid coplanar structure enables high thermal conductive and extremely ultrathin vapor chamber
10.1016/j.energy.2024.131689 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A comprehensive review of primary cooling techniques and thermal management strategies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells PEMFC
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38556 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visualization of internal vapor redistribution in a wick-assisted rotating heat pipe using neutron radiography and synchronized thermal measurements
10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111838 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Design and experimental study of a novel vapor chamber for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124949 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A transient heat pipe model considering wick saturation effects that predicts dynamic evaporator dryout and recovery
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126837 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Transient dryout and rewetting in a screen-wick heat pipe under pulsed heat loads with internal temperature and pressure measurement
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127222 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal characteristics analysis of a novel vapor chamber suitable for air-cooled PEMFC thermal management
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127575 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal management of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with pyrolytic graphite sheets and fans combined
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.052 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Improvement of thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack used for portable devices by integrating the ultrathin vapor chamber
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.185 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal management of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with thin vapor chambers
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229314 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Performance analysis of Dowtherm A heat pipe with internal vapor monitoring
10.1016/j.nucengdes.2025.114049 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Heating performance investigation of a bidirectional partition fluid thermal diode
10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.020 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Experimental study of a passive thermal management system using vapor chamber for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack
10.1016/j.renene.2023.119095 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Adaptive thermal management for cooling parasitic power reduction in FCEVs
10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111911 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review of flow and heat transfer characteristics in curved tubes
10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review of thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems
10.1063/5.0127596 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review of vapor chambers
10.1080/01457632.2018.1480868 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal performance investigation of vapor chamber under partial heating and different heat flux conditions: effects of inclination angle
10.1115/1.4066664 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Optimizing parasitic pumping power in proton exchange membrane fuel cells via bio-inspired cooling channels guided by constructal theory and Murray’s law
10.3390/batteries12080276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The physics and manipulation of Dean vortices in single- and two-phase flow in curved microchannels: a review
10.3390/mi14122202 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
