Research graph
References from Gut microbiota and systemic sclerosis: Mechanistic insights and microbial therapies. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Immune cell dysregulation as a mediator of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
10.1038/s41584-022-00864-7 · 2022 · External reference
Systemic sclerosis
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01692-0 · 2023 · External reference
Systemic sclerosis
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30933-9 · 2017 · External reference
Current concepts on the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis
10.1007/s12016-021-08889-8 · 2023 · External reference
Gastrointestinal histology of systemic sclerosis: a systematic review
10.1016/j.autrev.2026.103988 · 2026 · External reference
Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease
10.1038/s41581-023-00720-1 · 2023 · External reference
External and internal exposome as triggers of biological signalling in systemic sclerosis - a narrative synthesis
10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103342 · 2025 · External reference
Mycophenolate mofetil versus oral cyclophosphamide in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SLS II): a randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial
10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30152-7 · 2016 · External reference
Rituximab on lung, skin, and joint involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis: a case series study and review of the literature
10.1111/1756-185x.14333 · 2022 · External reference
Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: how to incorporate two Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies in clinical practice
10.1002/art.41933 · 2022 · External reference
The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease
10.1056/nejmra1600266 · 2016 · External reference
The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer
10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00390-x · 2025 · External reference
Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease
10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003 · 2018 · External reference
The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases
10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8 · 2024 · External reference
Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies
10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104055 · 2022 · External reference
Exploring the role of gut microbiome in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review
10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103654 · 2024 · External reference
Metabolic fingerprinting of systemic sclerosis: a systematic review
10.3389/fmolb.2023.1215039 · 2023 · External reference
Association of Systemic Sclerosis with a unique colonic microbial consortium
10.1002/art.39572 · 2016 · External reference
Gut microbiota analysis in systemic sclerosis according to disease characteristics and nutritional status
2020 · External reference
A systematic review on gut microbiome and systemic sclerosis: current evidence and future directions
10.1016/j.gande.2025.12.001 · 2026 · External reference
Dysbiosis and gut microbiota modulation in systemic sclerosis
10.1097/rhu.0000000000001748 · 2022 · External reference
Congruent microbiome signatures in fibrosis-prone autoimmune diseases: IgG4-related disease and systemic sclerosis
10.1186/s13073-021-00853-7 · 2021 · External reference
Understanding the gastrointestinal microbiome in systemic sclerosis: methodological advancements and emerging research
10.1097/bor.0000000000001048 · 2024 · External reference
Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity
10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8 · 2024 · External reference
Gut microbial metabolites and immune-related diseases
10.1007/s44466-026-00031-7 · 2026 · External reference
Systemic sclerosis is associated with specific alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota in two independent cohorts
10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000134 · 2017 · External reference
Gut microbiota aberration in patients of systemic sclerosis and bleomycin-induced mice model
10.3389/fcimb.2021.647201 · 2021 · External reference
Butyrate improves skin/lung fibrosis and intestinal Dysbiosis in bleomycin-induced mouse models
10.3390/ijms22052765 · 2021 · External reference
Disease features and gastrointestinal microbial composition in patients with systemic sclerosis from two independent cohorts
10.1002/acr2.11387 · 2022 · External reference
Gut microbiome profiling in systemic sclerosis: a metagenomic approach
2023 · External reference
Fecal microbiome differs between patients with systemic sclerosis with and without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
10.1177/23971983211032808 · 2021 · External reference
Gut microbiota in very early systemic sclerosis: the first case-control taxonomic and functional characterisation highlighting an altered butyric acid profile
10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004647 · 2024 · External reference
Gut microbiota profile in systemic sclerosis patients with and without clinical evidence of gastrointestinal involvement
10.1038/s41598-017-14889-6 · 2017 · External reference
Microbial and metabolic multi-omic correlations in systemic sclerosis patients
10.1111/nyas.13736 · 2018 · External reference
Gastrointestinal tract involvement in systemic sclerosis: the roles of diet and the microbiome
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152185 · 2023 · External reference
Intestinal dysbiosis is common in systemic sclerosis and associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal features of disease
10.1186/s13075-016-1182-z · 2016 · External reference
ACG clinical guideline: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
10.14309/ajg.0000000000000501 · 2020 · External reference
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth complicating gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
10.5056/jnm22168 · 2023 · External reference
Untargeted metabolomics revealed Metabolomic profile in patients with primary systemic sclerosis
10.1007/s12010-025-05249-6 · 2025 · External reference
Human gut microbiota stimulate defined innate immune responses that vary from phylum to strain
10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.009 · 2022 · External reference
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio as an insufficient Indicator of metabolic status in Mexican Young adults
10.3390/nu18071084 · 2026 · External reference
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio: a relevant marker of gut Dysbiosis in obese patients?
10.3390/nu12051474 · 2020 · External reference
Unraveling the interplay between mesenchymal stem cells, gut microbiota, and systemic sclerosis: therapeutic implications
10.1128/spectrum.01576-24 · 2025 · External reference
Longitudinal characterisation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in systemic sclerosis
10.33590/emj/20-00043 · 2020 · External reference
The differential crosstalk of the skin-gut microbiome axis as a new emerging actor in systemic sclerosis
10.1093/rheumatology/kead208 · 2024 · External reference
Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea
10.1038/nbt.3893 · 2017 · External reference
Oral Lactobacillus species in systemic sclerosis
10.3390/microorganisms9061298 · 2021 · External reference
Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome and their correlation with organ damage and survival
10.1080/07853890.2024.2407526 · 2024 · External reference
The prevalence and incidence rate of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102713 · 2021 · External reference
The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and implications for host health and disease
10.1080/19490976.2024.2393270 · 2024 · External reference
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii alleviates inflammatory arthritis and regulates IL-17 production, short chain fatty acids, and the intestinal microbial flora in experimental mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis
10.1186/s13075-023-03118-3 · 2023 · External reference
A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in systemic sclerosis associated gastrointestinal disease
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.05.006 · 2019 · External reference
Enterococcus-derived tyramine hijacks α(2A)-adrenergic receptor in intestinal stem cells to exacerbate colitis
10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.020 · 2024 · External reference
A review and roadmap of the skin, lung and gut microbiota in systemic sclerosis
10.1093/rheumatology/keab262 · 2021 · External reference
The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease
10.1038/s41579-023-00904-3 · 2023 · External reference
International investigation of the gut-lung axis in systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease
10.1002/acr.25623 · 2026 · External reference
Association of nutritional status indices with gastrointestinal symptoms in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
10.1007/s00296-024-05783-2 · 2025 · External reference
US immigration westernizes the human gut microbiome
10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.029 · 2018 · External reference
Enterosignatures define common bacterial guilds in the human gut microbiome
10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.024 · 2023 · External reference
Ultra-processed food intake is associated with increased gastrointestinal tract symptoms and alterations in gut microbiota in patients with systemic sclerosis
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1610360 · 2025 · External reference
Antibiotics in early life: dysbiosis and the damage done
2018 · External reference
Antibiotic-mediated gut microbiome perturbation accelerates development of type 1 diabetes in mice
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.140 · 2016 · External reference
Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota
10.1038/ismej.2007.3 · 2007 · External reference
Early-life antibiotic exposure causes intestinal Dysbiosis and exacerbates skin and lung pathology in experimental systemic sclerosis
10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.019 · 2017 · External reference
Early-life gut Dysbiosis: a driver of later-life fibrosis?
10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.017 · 2017 · External reference
Non-antibiotics disrupt colonization resistance against enteropathogens
10.1038/s41586-025-09217-2 · 2025 · External reference
Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of autoimmune diseases: a Nationwide cohort study
10.3389/fimmu.2021.736036 · 2021 · External reference
Meta-analysis of the effects of proton pump inhibitors on the human gut microbiota
10.1186/s12866-023-02895-w · 2023 · External reference
Shotgun metagenomics, from sampling to analysis
10.1038/nbt.3935 · 2017 · External reference
Optimal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis for oral microbiota to avoid the potential bias introduced by trimming length, primer, and database
10.1128/spectrum.03512-23 · 2024 · External reference
Microbiome differential abundance methods produce different results across 38 datasets
10.1038/s41467-022-28034-z · 2022 · External reference
Comparison of different microbiome analysis pipelines to validate their reproducibility of gastric mucosal microbiome composition
10.1128/msystems.01358-24 · 2025 · External reference
POS0044 DECIPHERING THE GUT MICROBIOTA OF VERY EARLY SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (VEDOSS) PATIENTS: A TAXONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION
10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.5006 · 2024 · External reference
The effect of gut microbiome and plasma metabolome on systemic sclerosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
10.3389/fmicb.2024.1427195 · 2024 · External reference
Serum markers of microbial translocation and intestinal damage in assessment of gastrointestinal tract involvement in systemic sclerosis
10.1007/s10238-024-01466-1 · 2024 · External reference
Macrophage phenotypes and functions: resolving inflammation and restoring homeostasis
10.1016/j.it.2023.10.004 · 2023 · External reference
Innate lymphoid cell-epithelial cell modules sustain intestinal homeostasis
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.016 · 2020 · External reference
The intervention of macrophages in progressive fibrosis characterizing systemic sclerosis: a systematic review
10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103637 · 2024 · External reference
Profibrotic activation of human macrophages in systemic sclerosis
10.1002/art.41243 · 2020 · External reference
Macrophages as determinants and regulators of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
10.1093/rheumatology/keac410 · 2023 · External reference
Type 2 innate lymphoid cell counts are increased in patients with systemic sclerosis and correlate with the extent of fibrosis
10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207388 · 2016 · External reference
TGFβ promotes low IL10-producing ILC2 with profibrotic ability involved in skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219748 · 2021 · External reference
Inhibition of skin fibrosis via regulation of Th17/Treg imbalance in systemic sclerosis
10.1038/s41598-025-85895-2 · 2025 · External reference
Parthenolide ameliorates colon inflammation through regulating Treg/Th17 balance in a gut microbiota-dependent manner
10.7150/thno.43716 · 2020 · External reference
Th17/IL-17A axis is critical for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc): SSc patients with high levels of serum IL-17A exhibit reduced lung functions and increased prevalence of PAH
10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156534 · 2024 · External reference
Update on the gastrointestinal microbiome in systemic sclerosis
10.1007/s11926-018-0758-9 · 2018 · External reference
Defective early B cell tolerance checkpoints in patients with systemic sclerosis allow the production of self antigen-specific clones
10.1002/art.41927 · 2022 · External reference
B cells in systemic sclerosis: a possible target for therapy
10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.013 · 2011 · External reference
Breg cells are numerically decreased and functionally impaired in patients with systemic sclerosis
10.1002/art.39437 · 2016 · External reference
Association of Defective Regulation of autoreactive Interleukin-6-producing transitional B lymphocytes with disease in patients with systemic sclerosis
10.1002/art.40390 · 2018 · External reference
Molecular basis of accelerated aging with immune dysfunction-mediated inflammation (Inflamm-aging) in patients with systemic sclerosis
10.3390/cells10123402 · 2021 · External reference
Fibroblasts and immune cells: at the crossroad of organ inflammation and fibrosis
10.1152/ajpheart.00545.2023 · 2024 · External reference
Disturbed antioxidant capacity in patients with systemic sclerosis associates with lung and gastrointestinal symptoms
10.3390/biomedicines11082110 · 2023 · External reference
Epithelial-immune cell crosstalk for intestinal barrier homeostasis
10.1002/eji.202350631 · 2024 · External reference
The role of mucins in gastrointestinal barrier function during health and disease
10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00431-3 · 2022 · External reference
Advances in blood-based biomarkers of gut barrier integrity
10.1016/j.molmed.2026.01.002 · 2026 · External reference
Gut microbiota and intestinal trans-epithelial permeability
10.3390/ijms21176402 · 2020 · External reference
Multi-omics analyses of the ulcerative colitis gut microbiome link Bacteroides vulgatus proteases with disease severity
10.1038/s41564-021-01050-3 · 2022 · External reference
Enterococcus faecalis gelatinase mediates intestinal permeability via protease-activated receptor 2
10.1128/iai.00425-15 · 2015 · External reference
Butyrate enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function via up-regulation of tight junction protein Claudin-1 transcription
10.1007/s10620-012-2259-4 · 2012 · External reference
The clinical significance of serum biomarkers of the intestinal barrier in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
10.3390/jpm13040678 · 2023 · External reference
Clonal IgA and IgG autoantibodies from individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis identify an arthritogenic strain of Subdoligranulum
10.1126/scitranslmed.abn5166 · 2022 · External reference
IgA-coated E. Coli enriched in Crohn’s disease spondyloarthritis promote T(H)17-dependent inflammation
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9655 · 2017 · External reference
Microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and disease: is NLRP3 inflammasome at the crossroads of microbiota-gut-brain communications?
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101806 · 2020 · External reference
The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics
10.1038/s41577-019-0165-0 · 2019 · External reference
The gut-liver axis: how the gut promotes liver disease
2022 · External reference
Microbiota-dependent metabolites - new engine for T cell warriors
10.1080/19490976.2025.2523815 · 2025 · External reference
Plasma Metabolomic profiling reveals four possibly disrupted mechanisms in systemic sclerosis
10.3390/biomedicines10030607 · 2022 · External reference
Metabolic signatures in systemic autoimmune diseases: a state-of-the-art overview of systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis
10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104084 · 2026 · External reference
Short chain fatty acids: key regulators of the local and systemic immune response in inflammatory diseases and infections
10.1098/rsob.230014 · 2023 · External reference
Differential regulatory mechanisms of gut-derived SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) on the pulmonary TLR2 signaling pathway and their roles in the inflammatory balance of bacterial pneumonia
10.1186/s40001-025-03666-1 · 2026 · External reference
Free fatty acid receptors in health and disease
10.1152/physrev.00041.2018 · 2020 · External reference
Histone post-translational modifications - cause and consequence of genome function
10.1038/s41576-022-00468-7 · 2022 · External reference
Microbial short chain fatty acids: effective histone deacetylase inhibitors in immune regulation (review)
10.3892/ijmm.2025.5687 · 2026 · External reference
A serine-conjugated butyrate prodrug with high oral bioavailability suppresses autoimmune arthritis and neuroinflammation in mice
10.1038/s41551-024-01190-x · 2024 · External reference
Microbiota-derived butyrate limits the autoimmune response by promoting the differentiation of follicular regulatory T cells
10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102913 · 2020 · External reference
Microbiota-derived butyrate inhibits colonic epithelial pyroptosis and mitigates DSS-induced colitis via interacting with aryl hydrocarbon receptor
10.1186/s12967-026-08264-1 · 2026 · External reference
Microbiota-derived butyrate alleviates asthma via inhibiting Tfh13-mediated IgE production
10.1038/s41392-025-02263-2 · 2025 · External reference
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
10.1038/nature12721 · 2013 · External reference
Microbiota metabolite butyrate differentially regulates Th1 and Th17 cells’ differentiation and function in induction of colitis
10.1093/ibd/izz046 · 2019 · External reference
Microbiota and immunoregulation: a focus on regulatory B lymphocytes and transplantation
10.1111/ajt.16522 · 2021 · External reference
Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health
10.3920/bm2020.0057 · 2020 · External reference
Crosstalk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function
10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.005 · 2015 · External reference
Bifidobacterium longum RAPO attenuates dermal and pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model of systemic sclerosis through macrophage modulation and growth of short-chain fatty acid producers
10.4110/in.2024.24.e41 · 2024 · External reference
Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease
10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.004 · 2023 · External reference
Associations of microbial and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-derived tryptophan metabolites with immune activation in healthy adults
10.3389/fimmu.2022.917966 · 2022 · External reference
Dietary tryptophan deficiency promotes gut RORγt(+) Treg cells at the expense of Gata3(+) Treg cells and alters commensal microbiota metabolism
10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112135 · 2023 · External reference
Modulation of T cells by tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway
10.1016/j.tips.2023.04.006 · 2023 · External reference
Kynurenine induces T cell fat catabolism and has limited suppressive effects in vivo
10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103734 · 2021 · External reference
Kynurenine acts as a signaling molecule to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the AHR-PTEN axis
10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.017 · 2025 · External reference
Gut microbiota dysbiosis deteriorates immunoregulatory effects of tryptophan via colonic indole and LBP/HTR2B-mediated macrophage function
10.1093/ismejo/wrae166 · 2024 · External reference
The relationship between tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota: interaction mechanism and potential effects in infection treatment
10.1016/j.micres.2025.128211 · 2025 · External reference
Trimethylamine N-oxide: a meta-organismal axis linking the gut and fibrosis
10.1186/s10020-024-00895-8 · 2024 · External reference
Elevated circulating levels of gut microbe-derived trimethylamine N-oxide are associated with systemic sclerosis
10.3390/jcm13195984 · 2024 · External reference
The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is linked to specific complications of systemic sclerosis
10.2147/jir.s409489 · 2023 · External reference
Identification of TMAO-producer phenotype and host-diet-gut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ-free mice
10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317155 · 2019 · External reference
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) acts as inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and hampers NO production and acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation in rat aortas
2025 · External reference
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) disrupts endothelial junction integrity through VE-cadherin Tyr658 phosphorylation in vitro
10.1007/s00204-026-04368-1 · 2026 · External reference
Alteration of gut microbiota contributes to peritoneal fibrosis through increased production of trimethylamine N-oxide
10.1080/19490976.2026.2657048 · 2026 · External reference
Gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide activates PERK to drive fibrogenic mesenchymal differentiation
10.1016/j.isci.2022.104669 · 2022 · External reference
Gut microbiome and metabolomics in systemic sclerosis: feature, link and mechanisms
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1475528 · 2024 · External reference
Human microbiome-derived peptide affects the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via molecular mimicry
10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105516 · 2025 · External reference
A gut microbial peptide and molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
2023 · External reference
Pathogenic autoreactive T and B cells cross-react with Mimotopes expressed by a common human gut commensal to trigger autoimmunity
10.1016/j.chom.2019.05.003 · 2019 · External reference
Commensal orthologs of the human autoantigen Ro60 as triggers of autoimmunity in lupus
10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2306 · 2018 · External reference
The gut microbiota posttranslationally modifies IgA1 in autoimmune glomerulonephritis
10.1126/scitranslmed.adl6149 · 2024 · External reference
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj1921 · 2016 · External reference
Systemic sclerosis and infections
10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.022 · 2008 · External reference
HLA and autoantibodies define scleroderma subtypes and risk in African and European Americans and suggest a role for molecular mimicry
10.1073/pnas.1906593116 · 2020 · External reference
A bioinformatics analysis reveals novel pathogens as molecular mimicry triggers of systemic sclerosis
10.31138/mjr.31.1.50 · 2020 · External reference
A gut microbial mimic that hijacks Diabetogenic autoreactivity to suppress colitis
10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.022 · 2017 · External reference
Immunological tolerance to many self epitopes may be unnecessary
10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02923.x · 1990 · External reference
Antigen-specific T cells and autoimmunity
10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103303 · 2024 · External reference
The interaction between various food components and intestinal microbiota improves human health through the gut-X axis: independently or synergistically
10.1039/d4fo04430d · 2025 · External reference
The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease
10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4 · 2024 · External reference
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Italian patients with systemic sclerosis: an epidemiologic survey
10.1002/acr2.11627 · 2024 · External reference
Differential effects of FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols) on small and large intestinal contents in healthy subjects shown by MRI
10.1038/ajg.2013.386 · 2014 · External reference
Mechanisms and efficacy of dietary FODMAP restriction in IBS
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.259 · 2014 · External reference
10.1093/ajcn/nqab005
10.1093/ajcn/nqab005 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy and findings of a blinded randomized reintroduction phase for the Low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome
10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.008 · 2024 · External reference
Indirect pharmacology of phytopolyphenols: the role of intermediate substances in cross-organ regulation and phenotypic outcomes
10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158466 · 2026 · External reference
Expert consensus document. The international scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66 · 2014 · External reference
The international scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics
10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6 · 2021 · External reference
Probiotic-directed modulation of gut microbiota is basal microbiome dependent
10.1080/19490976.2020.1736974 · 2020 · External reference
Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability
10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108863 · 2021 · External reference
Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic
10.1038/s41575-019-0173-3 · 2019 · External reference
Direct interaction between Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316-derived lipoteichoic acid and TLR2 mediates anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects in intestinal cells
10.1039/d5fo01925g · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized controlled trials
10.1186/s12916-024-03303-4 · 2024 · External reference
Probiotics for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated gastrointestinal bloating/ distention
2011 · External reference
Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and immune parameters in systemic sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
10.1093/rheumatology/kez160 · 2019 · External reference
Effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii and metronidazole for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in systemic sclerosis
10.1007/s10620-019-05830-0 · 2020 · External reference
Fecal microbiota transplantation in systemic sclerosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial
10.1371/journal.pone.0232739 · 2020 · External reference
Effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on the small intestinal mucosa in systemic sclerosis
10.1093/rheumatology/kead014 · 2023 · External reference
Faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with systemic sclerosis and lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms in Norway (ReSScue): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/s2665-9913(24)00334-5 · 2025 · External reference
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients suffering from scleroderma: clinical effectiveness of its eradication
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01758.x · 2008 · External reference
Prevalence and predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in systemic sclerosis patients with gastrointestinal symptoms
2014 · External reference
Gut microbiome in systemic sclerosis: a potential therapeutic target
10.5114/ada.2020.101468 · 2022 · External reference
Akkermansia muciniphila: a key player in gut microbiota-based disease modulation
10.1016/j.micres.2025.128317 · 2025 · External reference
Akkermansia muciniphila ONE effectively ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice
10.1038/s41538-024-00339-x · 2024 · External reference
ILC3s regulate the gut microbiota via host intestinal galactosylation to limit pathogen infection in mice
10.1038/s41564-025-01933-9 · 2025 · External reference
Dietary simple sugars alter microbial ecology in the gut and promote colitis in mice
10.1126/scitranslmed.aay6218 · 2020 · External reference
Expert consensus document: the international scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics
10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75 · 2017 · External reference
Potential for enriching next-generation health-promoting gut bacteria through prebiotics and other dietary components
10.1080/19490976.2019.1613124 · 2020 · External reference
Role of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota, their metabolites and health benefits
10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110189 · 2021 · External reference
Polyphenols-rich Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) alleviates ulcerative colitis through restiring the intestinal barrier, gut microbiota and metabolites
10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142391 · 2025 · External reference
Postbiotics as multifunctional bioactives: mechanistic insights and translational applications in host physiology and microbial ecosystem modulation
2026 · External reference
Postbiotics: an insightful review of the latest category in functional biotics
10.1007/s11274-025-04483-8 · 2025 · External reference
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
2024 · External reference
Prebiotics, probiotics, fermented foods and cognitive outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.036 · 2020 · External reference
Gut microbiome-targeted therapies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
10.1093/ajcn/nqz042 · 2019 · External reference
Fecal microbiota transplantation: emerging applications in autoimmune diseases
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103038 · 2023 · External reference
Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
2023 · External reference
Fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: what we learnt from the explorative clinical trial
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103058 · 2023 · External reference
Fecal microbiota transplantation in autoimmune diseases - an extensive paper on a pathogenetic therapy
2024 · External reference
Key determinants of success in fecal microbiota transplantation: from microbiome to clinic
10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.020 · 2023 · External reference
Drug-Resistant E. Coli bacteremia transmitted by fecal microbiota transplant
10.1056/nejmoa1910437 · 2019 · External reference
Transforming medicine with the microbiome
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1815 · 2019 · External reference
Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment reshapes the gut microbiome, resistome, and colonization potential of opportunistic pathogens: a metagenomics study
10.1186/s13099-026-00795-8 · 2026 · External reference
Rifaximin and alternative agents in the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive review
10.1002/ardp.202400356 · 2024 · External reference
Introduction: understanding mechanisms of the actions of rifaximin in selected gastrointestinal diseases
10.1111/apt.13406 · 2016 · External reference
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The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment
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Detection of increased relative expression units of Bacteroides and Prevotella, and decreased Clostridium leptum in stool samples from Brazilian rheumatoid arthritis patients: a pilot study
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Analysis of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis patients: disease-related Dysbiosis and modifications induced by Etanercept
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An expansion of rare lineage intestinal microbes characterizes rheumatoid arthritis
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Methotrexate impacts conserved pathways in diverse human gut bacteria leading to decreased host immune activation
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The total gut mucosal and fecal bacterial load increases in successful treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with infliximab
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Gut microbial signatures associated with clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease treated with biologics: a comprehensive multi-cohort analysis
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Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota
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Probiotic interventions maintain intestinal barrier function and alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting ferroptosis in intestinal PMN-MDSCs
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GOLDGUT-BB69 counteracts diarrhea in mice by alleviating inflammation, enhancing intestinal barrier functions, and regulating intestinal microbiota
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Using gut microbiota and non-targeted metabolomics techniques to study the effect of xylitol on alleviating DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice
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Protective effects of vitamin D against injury in intestinal epithelium
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Larazotide acetate: a pharmacological peptide approach to tight junction regulation
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An international perspective on the future of systemic sclerosis research
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The healthy microbiome-what is the definition of a healthy gut microbiome?
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A core microbiome signature as an indicator of health
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Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of 7,302 human microorganisms for personalized medicine
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Impact of gut microbiome on skin health: gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases
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