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References from A temporal framework of redox dysregulation in autoimmunity: interplay between oxidative deficiency and oxidative stress. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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10.1038/ng1058 · 2003 · External reference
Lupus-associated causal mutation in neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2) brings unique insights to the structure and function of NADPH oxidase
2012 · External reference
A missense variant in NCF1 is associated with susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases
10.1038/ng.3782 · 2017 · External reference
Copy number variation of the gene NCF1 is associated with rheumatoid arthritis
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Chronic granulomatous disease as a risk factor for autoimmune disease
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Reactive oxygen species production in the phagosome: impact on antigen presentation in dendritic cells
10.1089/ars.2012.4557 · 2013 · External reference
Reactive Oxygen Species: Involvement in T cell Signaling and Metabolism
10.1016/j.it.2018.01.005 · 2018 · External reference
Efferocytosis in health and disease
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Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease
10.1038/nri.2017.105 · 2018 · External reference
The protective role of ROS in autoimmune disease
10.1016/j.it.2009.03.004 · 2009 · External reference
Oxidative Stress
10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-045037 · 2017 · External reference
Compartmentalized muscle redox signals controlling exercise metabolism - Current state, future challenges
10.1016/j.redox.2020.101473 · 2020 · External reference
Fundamentals of redox regulation in biology
10.1038/s41580-024-00730-2 · 2024 · External reference
Defining ROS in Biology and Medicine
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ROS as signalling molecules: mechanisms that generate specificity in ROS homeostasis
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Signaling functions of reactive oxygen species
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Cell signaling. H2O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling
10.1126/science.1130481 · 2006 · External reference
The Role of Peroxiredoxins in the Transduction of H2O2 Signals
10.1089/ars.2017.7167 · 2018 · External reference
A role for 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in facilitating cytosolic protein thiol oxidation
10.1038/nchembio.2536 · 2018 · External reference
The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease
10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.029 · 2017 · External reference
Oxidative eustress: On constant alert for redox homeostasis
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10.3390/antiox7010014 · 2018 · External reference
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2011 · External reference
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10.1038/s41580-022-00456-z · 2022 · External reference
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10.1152/physrev.00044.2005 · 2007 · External reference
Hydrogen peroxide as second messenger in lymphocyte activation
2002 · External reference
NADPH oxidase deficiency regulates Th lineage commitment and modulates autoimmunity
10.4049/jimmunol.1001472 · 2010 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2010 · External reference
10.1126/science.1092385
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NADPH-Oxidase Derived Superoxide Provides a Third Signal for CD4 T Cell Effector Response
10.4049/jimmunol.1502581 · 2016 · External reference
T cells and reactive oxygen species
10.1186/s12929-015-0194-3 · 2015 · External reference
Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease
10.1373/clinchem.2005.061408 · 2006 · External reference
Redox Pathogenesis in Rheumatic Diseases
10.1002/acr2.11668 · 2024 · External reference
Oxidative Stress: Concept and Some Practical Aspects
10.3390/antiox9090852 · 2020 · External reference
Oxidative stress, aging, and disease
10.2147/cia.s158513 · 2018 · External reference
Oxidative stress in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.086 · 2018 · External reference
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease
10.3390/antiox9070597 · 2020 · External reference
Reactive oxygen species in cancer
10.3109/10715761003667554 · 2010 · External reference
Mitochondrial DNA maintenance: an appraisal
10.1007/s11010-015-2532-x · 2015 · External reference
Cell-Free DNA as Biomarker in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00502 · 2019 · External reference
Reactive oxygen species damage to DNA and its role in systemic lupus erythematosus
10.1016/0098-2997(91)90005-7 · 1991 · External reference
Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in Lupus Nephritis - the Role of Anti-dsDNA Antibodies
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00475 · 2015 · External reference
Relation between mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS formation
10.1007/978-1-61779-382-0_12 · 2012 · External reference
Molecular mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain
10.1007/978-1-4614-3573-0_6 · 2012 · External reference
Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy
10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.002 · 2020 · External reference
Mitophagy in the pathogenesis and management of disease
10.1038/s41422-025-01203-7 · 2026 · External reference
Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease
10.1038/s41580-023-00645-4 · 2024 · External reference
Oxidative Stress and NRF2-Mediated Redox Regulation in Incomplete Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
2026 · External reference
10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103781
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Glutathione synthesis
10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.008 · 2013 · External reference
Comprehensive metabolome analyses reveal N-acetylcysteine-responsive accumulation of kynurenine in systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin
10.1007/s11306-015-0772-0 · 2015 · External reference
N-acetylcysteine reduces disease activity by blocking mammalian target of rapamycin in T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
10.1002/art.34502 · 2012 · External reference
Reconciling the chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species
10.1038/nchembio.85 · 2008 · External reference
Unraveling the biological roles of reactive oxygen species
10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.010 · 2011 · External reference
Measuring reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species with fluorescent probes: challenges and limitations
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.030 · 2012 · External reference
Autoimmune disease: why and where it occurs
10.1038/90935 · 2001 · External reference
Paths to understanding the genetic basis of autoimmune disease
10.1038/nature03723 · 2005 · External reference
Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease
10.1038/s41581-023-00720-1 · 2023 · External reference
Autoimmunity and oxidative modified autoantigens
10.1016/j.autrev.2008.04.019 · 2008 · External reference
Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial
2022 · External reference
Oxidative Stress Mediated Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
10.3390/antiox12111938 · 2023 · External reference
Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy
10.1038/s41573-021-00233-1 · 2021 · External reference
The oxidative stress-inflammation self-perpetuating cycle in multiple sclerosis: from mechanisms to emerging antioxidant strategies
10.3389/fphar.2026.1806176 · 2026 · External reference
Why do antioxidants fail to provide clinical benefit?
2001 · External reference
The pro-oxidant activity of high-dose vitamin E supplements in vivo
10.2165/00063030-200620050-00002 · 2006 · External reference
Mitochondrial control of inflammation
10.1038/s41577-022-00760-x · 2023 · External reference
A new arthritis therapy with oxidative burst inducers
10.1371/journal.pmed.0030348 · 2006 · External reference
Lupus-associated causal mutation in neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2) brings unique insights to the structure and function of NADPH oxidase
10.1073/pnas.1113251108 · 2012 · External reference
Chronic Granulomatous Disease: a Comprehensive Review
10.1007/s12016-020-08800-x · 2021 · External reference
A Review of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
10.1007/s12325-017-0636-2 · 2017 · External reference
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic granulomatous disease
10.3389/fped.2024.1384550 · 2024 · External reference
Superoxide production by macrophages and T cells is critical for the induction of autoreactivity and type 1 diabetes
10.2337/db10-1222 · 2011 · External reference
A blast from the past: clearance of apoptotic cells regulates immune responses
2002 · External reference
Clearance of apoptotic cells: implications in health and disease
10.1083/jcb.201004096 · 2010 · External reference
Find-me and eat-me signals in apoptotic cell clearance: progress and conundrums
10.1084/jem.20101157 · 2010 · External reference
Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps
10.1083/jcb.200606027 · 2007 · External reference
Restoration of NET formation by gene therapy in CGD controls aspergillosis
10.1182/blood-2009-05-221606 · 2009 · External reference
Neutrophil extracellular traps: double-edged swords of innate immunity
10.4049/jimmunol.1201719 · 2012 · External reference
NADPH oxidase deficiency underlies dysfunction of aged CD8+ Tregs
10.1172/jci84181 · 2016 · External reference
Hormesis: the dose-response revolution
10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140223 · 2003 · External reference
Adaptive homeostasis
10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.007 · 2016 · External reference
The Redox Code
10.1089/ars.2015.6247 · 2015 · External reference
Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine
10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.002 · 2015 · External reference
Association of NCF2, IKZF1, IRF8, IFIH1, and TYK2 with systemic lupus erythematosus
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002341 · 2011 · External reference
Genetic, biochemical, and clinical features of chronic granulomatous disease
10.1097/00005792-200005000-00004 · 2000 · External reference
Inflammatory bowel disease in CGD reproduces the clinicopathological features of Crohn’s disease
10.1038/ajg.2008.72 · 2009 · External reference
Reactive oxygen species deficiency induces autoimmunity with type 1 interferon signature
10.1089/ars.2013.5828 · 2014 · External reference
Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential
10.1038/nri3607 · 2014 · External reference
Clearance Deficiency and Cell Death Pathways: A Model for the Pathogenesis of SLE
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00035 · 2016 · External reference
Oxidative Modifications in Tissue Pathology and Autoimmune Disease
10.1089/ars.2017.7382 · 2018 · External reference
The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatic diseases
10.1038/s41584-018-0039-z · 2018 · External reference
SK3 channel and mitochondrial ROS mediate NADPH oxidase-independent NETosis in human neutrophils
10.1073/pnas.1414055112 · 2015 · External reference
10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215820
10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215820 · External reference
Bite of the wolf: innate immune responses propagate autoimmunity in lupus
10.1172/jci144918 · 2021 · External reference
Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidaized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease
10.1038/nm.4027 · 2016 · External reference
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway
10.1038/s12276-023-00965-7 · 2023 · External reference
Unraveling the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in T Lymphocyte Signaling
10.3390/ijms25116114 · 2024 · External reference
Metabolic Reprogramming and Reactive Oxygen Species in T cell Immunity
2021 · External reference
Mitochondria-derived hydrogen peroxide selectively enhances T cell receptor-initiated signal transduction
10.1074/jbc.m113.476895 · 2013 · External reference
Rethinking peripheral T cell tolerance: checkpoints across a T cell’s journey
10.1038/s41577-020-00454-2 · 2021 · External reference
Macrophages suppress T cell responses and arthritis development in mice by producing reactive oxygen species
10.1172/jci31935 · 2007 · External reference
Redox regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation and functions
10.1080/10715762.2020.1745202 · 2020 · External reference
Heterogeneity of autoimmune diseases: pathophysiologic insights from genetics and implications for new therapies
10.1038/nm.3897 · 2015 · External reference
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the Ncf1 gene leading to reduced oxidative burst is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211287 · 2017 · External reference
Human SLE variant Ncf1-R90H promotes kidney damage and murine lupus through enhanced Tfh2 responses induced by defective efferocytosis of macrophages
10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220793 · 2022 · External reference
The NCF1 variant p.R90H aggravates autoimmunity by facilitating the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells
2022 · External reference
Direct Comparison of a Natural Loss-Of-Function Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with a Targeted Deletion in the Ncf1 Gene Reveals Different Phenotypes
10.1371/journal.pone.0141974 · 2015 · External reference
NADPH oxidase expression in active multiple sclerosis lesions in relation to oxidative tissue damage and mitochondrial injury
10.1093/brain/aws012 · 2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2004 · External reference
Superoxide prevents nitric oxide-mediated suppression of helper T lymphocytes: decreased autoimmune encephalomyelitis in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase knockout mice
10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.5177 · 2000 · External reference
Independent and inter-dependent immunoregulatory effects of NCF1 and NOS2 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
10.1186/s12974-020-01789-2 · 2020 · External reference
Loss of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide skews macrophage phenotypes to delay type 1 diabetes
10.2337/db14-0929 · 2015 · External reference
Oxidative stress: the vulnerable beta-cell
10.1042/bst0360343 · 2008 · External reference
Oxidative Stress in Cytokine-Induced Dysfunction of the Pancreatic Beta Cell: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns
10.3390/metabo10120480 · 2020 · External reference
Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist’s guide to reactive oxygen species
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Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators
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