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References from Metabolic reprogramming and plasticity in breast Cancer: Mechanisms driving tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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Cellular pH gradient in tumor versus normal tissue
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Lactate metabolism in human lung tumors
10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.019 · 2017 · External reference
Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis
2017 · External reference
Catabolism of exogenous lactate reveals it as a legitimate metabolic substrate in breast cancer
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Lactate is a mediator of metabolic cooperation between stromal carcinoma associated fibroblasts and glycolytic tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment
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HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations
10.1172/jci67230 · 2013 · External reference
Cancer’s molecular sweet tooth and the Warburg effect
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MYC-induced cancer cell energy metabolism and therapeutic opportunities
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PDK1-dependent metabolic reprogramming dictates metastatic potential in breast Cancer
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.007 · 2015 · External reference
PGC-1alpha mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells to promote metastasis
10.1038/ncb3039 · 2014 · External reference
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10.3390/antiox15040459 · 2026 · External reference
Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic vulnerability in chemotherapy-resistant triple-negative breast Cancer
10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3242 · 2021 · External reference
Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic vulnerability of endocrine therapy and palbociclib resistant metastatic breast cancers
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Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease
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10.1038/nrd2803 · 2009 · External reference
PGC-1alpha promotes breast Cancer metastasis and confers bioenergetic flexibility against metabolic drugs
10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.006 · 2017 · External reference
miR-155 drives metabolic reprogramming of ER+ breast Cancer cells following Long-term estrogen deprivation and predicts clinical response to aromatase inhibitors
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Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia cells are not enriched for leukemic stem cells but require oxidative metabolism
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An inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation exploits cancer vulnerability
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Metformin—mode of action and clinical implications
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Glutamine metabolism in cancer: understanding the heterogeneity
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Synergistic dual targeting of mTOR and GLS1 overcomes glutamine-driven resistance in triple-negative breast cancer
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Antitumor activity of the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 in triple-negative breast cancer
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0870 · 2014 · External reference
ASCT2/SLC1A5 controls glutamine uptake and tumour growth in triple-negative basal-like breast cancer
10.1038/onc.2015.381 · 2016 · External reference
Q’s next: the diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism
10.1038/onc.2009.358 · 2010 · External reference
Metabolic interplay between exogenous cystine and glutamine dependence in triple-negative breast cancer
10.1038/s41420-025-02714-3 · 2025 · External reference
Metabolic control of epigenetics in cancer
10.1038/nrc.2016.82 · 2016 · External reference
Integration and intersection of Cancer metabolism with epigenetic pathways in gliomas
10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-111523-023424 · 2026 · External reference
Glutamine supports pancreatic cancer growth through a KRAS-regulated metabolic pathway
10.1038/nature12040 · 2013 · External reference
A dual glutathione-depleting nanoparticle loaded with porcine pancreatic elastase for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of triple negative breast Cancer
10.1021/acsnano.5c16112 · 2026 · External reference
Cellular fatty acid metabolism and cancer
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Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in cancer
10.1038/s41416-019-0650-z · 2020 · External reference
Adipocyte-rich microenvironment promotes TNBC progression through SIRT6-associated ACSL5 dysregulation and lipid storage-associated phenotypes
10.1186/s13046-026-03769-5 · 2026 · External reference
Lipogenesis and lipolysis: pathways exploited by cancer cells
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IRX1 suppresses breast cancer progression by inhibiting fatty acid de novo synthesis through downregulating ACACA expression
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Fatty acid synthase confers tamoxifen resistance to ER+/HER2+ breast Cancer
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DAXX drives de novo lipogenesis and contributes to tumorigenesis
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10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4673 · 2006 · External reference
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A novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase shows activity against HER2+ breast cancer xenografts and is active in anti-HER2 drug-resistant cell lines
10.1186/bcr3077 · 2011 · External reference
Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as a novel mechanism of resistance to estrogen deprivation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
10.1186/s13058-016-0713-5 · 2016 · External reference
27-hydroxycholesterol links hypercholesterolemia and breast cancer pathophysiology
10.1126/science.1241908 · 2013 · External reference
27-Hydroxycholesterol promotes cell-autonomous, ER-positive breast cancer growth
10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.006 · 2013 · External reference
Lipid metabolic reprogramming drives triglyceride storage and variable sensitivity to FASN inhibition in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells
10.1186/s13058-025-01991-1 · 2025 · External reference
Lipid droplets in cancer: guardians of fat in a stressful world
10.3390/molecules23081941 · 2018 · External reference
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Cancer cells employ lipid droplets to survive toxic stress
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Dual metabolic reprogramming by metal-polyphenol nanoplatform enhances ferroptotic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer
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LIPG-promoted lipid storage mediates adaptation to oxidative stress in breast cancer
10.1002/ijc.32138 · 2019 · External reference
Adipocytes promote malignant growth of breast tumours with monocarboxylate transporter 2 expression via beta-hydroxybutyrate
2017 · External reference
Adipose tissue-breast Cancer crosstalk leads to increased tumor lipogenesis associated with enhanced tumor growth
10.3390/ijms222111881 · 2021 · External reference
Adipocytes promote breast cancer resistance to chemotherapy, a process amplified by obesity: role of the major vault protein (MVP)
10.1186/s13058-018-1088-6 · 2019 · External reference
YAP dictates mitochondrial redox homeostasis to facilitate obesity-associated breast Cancer progression
2022 · External reference
Redox profile of breast tumor and associated adipose tissue in premenopausal women - interplay between obesity and malignancy
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Obesity and overfeeding affecting both tumor and systemic metabolism activates the progesterone receptor to contribute to postmenopausal breast cancer
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2026 · External reference
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10.1186/s13046-025-03568-4 · 2025 · External reference
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10.1002/mc.70072 · 2026 · External reference
CPT1A-mediated fat oxidation, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential
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CPT1A inhibition alleviates plasmacytoid dendritic cell-mediated immune suppression in colon cancer through fatty acid oxidation modulation
10.1136/jitc-2025-012162 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting lipid metabolism to overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer: evaluating the synergistic therapeutic potential of quercetin
2025 · External reference
Metabolic reprogramming underlying the synergistic effect of energy metabolism inhibitors and chemotherapeutics in TNBC
10.1016/j.bcp.2026.118216 · 2026 · External reference
Resistance to different anthracycline chemotherapeutics elicits distinct and actionable primary metabolic dependencies in breast cancer
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Targeting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 6-AN induces ROS-mediated autophagic cell death in breast cancer
10.1111/febs.16614 · 2023 · External reference
Targeting glutamine metabolism enhances responses to platinum-based chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC)
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Nrf2 is the key to chemotherapy resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells under hypoxia
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Tamoxifen induces radioresistance through NRF2-mediated metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer
10.1186/s40170-023-00304-4 · 2023 · External reference
Mitochondrial fission links ECM mechanotransduction to metabolic redox homeostasis and metastatic chemotherapy resistance
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Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death Nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease
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ACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition
10.1038/nchembio.2239 · 2017 · External reference
Amino acid transporter SLC7A11/xCT at the crossroads of regulating redox homeostasis and nutrient dependency of cancer
10.1186/s40880-018-0288-x · 2018 · External reference
Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.010 · 2014 · External reference
Low-GPX4 drives a sustained drug-tolerant persister state in TNBC by a targetable adaptive FSP1 upregulation
10.1016/j.redox.2025.103864 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting ferroptosis as a vulnerability in cancer
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Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in cancer therapy
10.1111/jcmm.14511 · 2019 · External reference
Remodeling TME via feedback-driven photothermal-ferroptosis-immune cascade
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Anticancer effect of Pacificusoside D from the starfish Solaster pacificus in combination with 2-deoxy-D-glucose on oxidative phosphorylation in triple-negative breast Cancer cells MDA-MB-231
10.3390/md24020075 · 2026 · External reference
Mitochondrial structure and function adaptation in residual triple negative breast cancer cells surviving chemotherapy treatment
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Challenges in triple negative breast cancer treatment and therapeutic potential of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway
10.1016/j.canlet.2026.218556 · 2026 · External reference
Hallmarks of cancer stem cell metabolism
10.1038/bjc.2016.152 · 2016 · External reference
Hypoxia and metabolic adaptation of cancer cells
10.1038/oncsis.2015.50 · 2016 · External reference
Catabolic cancer-associated fibroblasts transfer energy and biomass to anabolic cancer cells, fueling tumor growth
10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.01.005 · 2014 · External reference
Oncometabolite signatures from tumor-stroma crosstalk as potential non-invasive biomarkers
10.1038/s41420-026-03172-1 · 2026 · External reference
Metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment is a driver of Cancer progression
10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.016 · 2015 · External reference
Single cell spatial transcriptomics track the evolutionary hierarchy and microenvironment remodeling during breast carcinoma invasion
10.1038/s41467-026-74954-5 · 2026 · External reference
The metabolism of cancer cells during metastasis
10.1038/s41568-020-00320-2 · 2021 · External reference
Metabolic reprogramming in the post-metastatic tumor microenvironment: multi-omics insights into determinants of immunotherapy response
2025 · External reference
p53 inactivation drives breast cancer metastasis to the brain through SCD1 upregulation and increased fatty acid metabolism
10.1038/s41588-025-02446-1 · 2026 · External reference
Localized hypoxia results in spatially heterogeneous metabolic signatures in breast tumor models
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Spatially resolved metabolic phenotyping of breast cancer by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2258 · 2015 · External reference
Mass spectrometry imaging-based metabolomics to visualize the spatially resolved reprogramming of carnitine metabolism in breast cancer
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Spatial transcriptomics reveals substantial heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer with potential clinical implications
2024 · External reference
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2024 · External reference
Targeting cellular metabolism to improve cancer therapeutics
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Targeting PFKFB3 to enhance CDK4/6 inhibitor response in ER+ breast cancer
10.1186/s13058-026-02336-2 · 2026 · External reference
Combine mitochondrial-targeted gene therapy and chemotherapy to treat triple-negative breast cancer
10.1186/s13046-025-03572-8 · 2025 · External reference
Metabolic signatures of breast Cancer subtypes and the metabolic impact of chemotherapy
10.3390/metabo16010054 · 2026 · External reference
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Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
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2025 · External reference
MYC/TET3-regulated TMEM65 activates OXPHOS-SERPINB3 pathway to promote progression and cisplatin resistance in triple-negative breast Cancer
2025 · External reference
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Emerging roles and regulatory mechanisms involved in glutamine metabolism
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Glutamine metabolism in breast cancer and possible therapeutic targets
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Fatty acid oxidation-driven Src links mitochondrial energy reprogramming and oncogenic properties in triple-negative breast Cancer
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Fatty acid uptake and lipid storage induced by HIF-1alpha contribute to cell growth and survival after hypoxia-reoxygenation
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Targeting the estrogen receptor for the treatment of breast Cancer: recent advances and challenges
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00136 · 2023 · External reference
FoxO3a drives the metabolic reprogramming in tamoxifen-resistant breast Cancer cells restoring tamoxifen sensitivity
10.3390/cells12242777 · 2023 · External reference
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer
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Mitochondrial fragmentation, elevated mitochondrial superoxide and respiratory supercomplexes disassembly is connected with the tamoxifen-resistant phenotype of breast cancer cells
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Personalizing aromatase inhibitor therapy in patients with breast cancer
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Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells
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Upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase a by ErbB2 through heat shock factor 1 promotes breast cancer cell glycolysis and growth
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The growing landscape of lysine acetylation links metabolism and cell signalling
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ERRalpha mediates metabolic adaptations driving lapatinib resistance in breast cancer
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