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References from N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct to antibiotics against bacterial biofilms: A systematic review of in vitro evidence. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections
10.1126/science.284.5418.1318 · 1999 · External reference
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms
10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05321-1 · 2001 · External reference
Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases
10.1038/nrmicro821 · 2004 · External reference
Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life
10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94 · 2016 · External reference
Tolerance and resistance of microbial biofilms
10.1038/s41579-022-00682-4 · 2022 · External reference
N-acetyl-L-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces
10.1128/aem.69.8.4814-4822.2003 · 2003 · External reference
N-acetylcysteine inhibit biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
10.1186/1471-2180-10-140 · 2010 · External reference
Effect of fosfomycin alone and in combination with N-acetylcysteine on E. coli biofilms
10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00232-2 · 2003 · External reference
N-Acetylcysteine protects bladder epithelial cells from bacterial invasion and displays antibiofilm activity against urinary tract bacterial pathogens
10.3390/antibiotics10080900 · 2021 · External reference
Intrinsic acidity of N-Acetylcysteine mediates enhanced inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its biofilms by polymyxin B
10.3390/microorganisms14020512 · 2026 · External reference
Existing and potential therapeutic uses for N-acetylcysteine: the need for conversion to intracellular glutathione for antioxidant benefits
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.09.006 · 2014 · External reference
The impact of antioxidant-ciprofloxacin combinations on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
10.1038/s41522-024-00640-3 · 2024 · External reference
Evolutionary adaptations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and antioxidant co-treatment in synthetic sputum medium
10.1128/spectrum.03149-25 · 2026 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
2021 · External reference
Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline
2020 · External reference
Effect of ciprofloxacin and N-acetylcysteine on bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on ureteral stent surfaces
2009 · External reference
Evaluation of the combination of N-acetylcysteine and or sodium salicylate with ciprofoxacin on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on urinary catheters
2012 · External reference
The effect of biofilm inhibitor N-acetylcysteine on the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics used in Gram-negative bacteria in the biofilm developed on catheters
10.1177/03913988221112969 · 2022 · External reference
In vitro activities of N-acetyl cysteine and levofloxacin as a catheter lock therapy against catheter-associated infections
10.1111/jam.15490 · 2022 · External reference
N-acetylcysteine eradicates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in bone cement
10.1002/sca.21326 · 2016 · External reference
Effects of bone cement loaded with teicoplanin, N-acetylcysteine or their combination on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation: an in vitro study
10.5606/ehc.2017.52507 · 2017 · External reference
In vitro activity of linezolid, Daptomycin and N-acetylcysteine agents on Staphylococcus Aureus biofilms in the ventriculoperitoneal shunt model
2019 · External reference
Actions of N-acetylcysteine, daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in the ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections: an experimental study
10.1186/s41016-022-00284-2 · 2022 · External reference
Synergy between induction heating, antibiotics, and N-acetylcysteine eradicates Staphylococcus aureus from biofilm
10.1080/02656736.2019.1710269 · 2020 · External reference
In vitro effects of N-acetyl cysteine alone and in combination with antibiotics on Prevotella intermedia
10.1007/s12275-015-4500-2 · 2015 · External reference
Combined effect of Levofloxacin and N-Acetylcysteine against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm for regenerative endodontics: an in vitro study
2019 · External reference
Antimicrobial activity of Penicillin G and N-acetylcystein on planktonic and sessile cells of Streptococcus suis
10.5604/17331331.1197282 · 2016 · External reference
Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine on activity of doxycycline against biofilm-forming bacterial strains
10.3390/antibiotics12071187 · 2023 · External reference
Disruption of biofilms and killing of Burkholderia cenocepacia from cystic fibrosis lung using an antioxidant-antibiotic combination therapy
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106372 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of N-Acetylcysteine in combination with antibiotics on the biofilms of three cystic fibrosis pathogens of emerging importance
10.3390/antibiotics10101176 · 2021 · External reference
Enhanced eradication of mucin-embedded bacterial biofilm by locally delivered antibiotics in functionalized microcontainers
10.1002/mabi.202100150 · 2021 · External reference
Activity of N-Acetylcysteine alone and in combination with colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and transcriptomic response to N-Acetylcysteine exposure
10.1128/spectrum.01006-22 · 2022 · External reference
Development and characterization of a spray-dried inhalable ternary combination for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis
10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106654 · 2024 · External reference
Antibacterial efficacy of liposomal formulations containing Tobramycin and N-Acetylcysteine against Tobramycin-Resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii
10.3390/pharmaceutics14010130 · 2022 · External reference
In vitro synergism of colistin in combination with N-acetylcysteine against Acinetobacter baumannii grown in planktonic phase and in biofilms
10.1093/jac/dky185 · 2018 · External reference
In vitro synergism of Colistin and N-acetylcysteine against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
10.3390/antibiotics8030101 · 2019 · External reference
Acetylcysteine increases sensitivity of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant enterobacterales with different enzymatic resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in vitro and in vivo
10.1186/s12866-023-03068-5 · 2023 · External reference
Microbiological activity of thiamphenicol and thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate against clinically significant microorganisms and their biofilms
10.36488/cmac.2024.1.31-39 · 2024 · External reference
In vitro efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in combination with antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in canine otitis externa
10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e16 · 2021 · External reference
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates quorum sensing regulated phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14152 · 2023 · External reference
Invasomes and nanostructured lipid carriers for targeted delivery of ceftazidime combined with N-Acetylcysteine: a novel approach to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced keratitis
10.3390/pharmaceutics17091184 · 2025 · External reference
Combination of tigecycline and N-acetylcysteine reduces biofilm-embedded bacteria on vascular catheters
10.1128/aac.00893-06 · 2007 · External reference
Novel synergistic antibiofilm combinations for salvage of infected catheters
10.1099/jmm.0.009761-0 · 2009 · External reference
Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and effects of human serum albumin, ibuprofen, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, amoxicillin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin
10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.03.016 · 2010 · External reference
N-acetylcysteine and ambroxol: can mucolytics dissolve the resistance of biofilms to antibiotics
2012 · External reference
In vitro effects of N-acetylcysteine alone and combined with tigecycline on planktonic cells and biofilms of Acinetobacter baumannii
10.21037/jtd.2017.11.130 · 2018 · External reference
[Effect of N-acetylcystein on Antibiofilm Efficiency of Antibiotics in Staphylococci Isolates]
10.5578/mb.20219902 · 2021 · External reference
Combined effect of linezolid and N-acetylcysteine against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms
10.1016/j.eimc.2012.11.011 · 2013 · External reference
N-acetylcysteine and vancomycin alone and in combination against staphylococci biofilm
10.4322/rbeb.2013.019 · 2013 · External reference
Combination of cefditoren and N-acetyl-l-Cysteine shows a synergistic effect against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms
10.1128/spectrum.03415-22 · 2022 · External reference
Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms control by N-acetylcysteine and rifampicin
10.1097/mjt.0b013e318209e17b · 2013 · External reference
Evaluation of combinations of putative anti-biofilm agents and antibiotics to eradicate biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
10.1093/jac/dkx192 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of different agents with potential antibiofilm activity on antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms formed by Staphylococcus spp. isolated from implant-related infections
10.1038/ja.2016.9 · 2016 · External reference
Effect of antibiotics and antibiofilm agents in the ultrastructure and development of biofilms developed by nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria
10.1089/mdr.2015.0124 · 2016 · External reference
Effect of the nanoliposomal formulations of rifampin and N-acetyl cysteine on staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm
2020 · External reference
Structural, physicochemical and biological characterization of chloramphenicol multicomponent complexes
10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115761 · 2021 · External reference
N-Acetyl-l-cysteine-Loaded nanosystems as a promising therapeutic approach toward the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
10.1021/acsami.1c05124 · 2021 · External reference
Mucolytic and antibiotic combination therapy using silica-based nanocarriers to eradicate Escherichia coli biofilms
10.1039/d5na00006h · 2025 · External reference
Osteogenic and antibacterial response of levofloxacin-loaded mesoporous nanoparticles functionalized with N-Acetylcysteine
10.3390/pharmaceutics17040519 · 2025 · External reference
Antibiofilm combinatory strategy: Moxifloxacin-Loaded nanosystems and encapsulated N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine
10.3390/pharmaceutics14112294 · 2022 · External reference
In vitro efficacy of N-acetylcysteine on bacteria associated with chronic suppurative otitis media
10.1186/1916-0216-43-20 · 2014 · External reference
Effect of Dalbavancin on staphylococcal biofilms when administered alone or in combination with biofilm-detaching compounds
10.3389/fmicb.2020.00553 · 2020 · External reference
In vitro effects of antibiofilm agents and antibiotics on coagulase-negative staphylococci
10.35333/jrp.2020.241 · 2020 · External reference
Presence of biofilm-associated genes in clinical staphylococcal isolates and antibiofilm activities of some mucolytic compounds against these strains
10.1007/s11756-025-01968-7 · 2025 · External reference
Diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
10.1093/cid/cis803 · 2013 · External reference
10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100010 · 2020 · Admitted local publication
