References

Enhancing immunotherapy with tumour-responsive nanomaterials

10.1038/s41571-025-01000-6 · 2025 · External reference

The rapidly evolving paradigm of neoadjuvant immunotherapy across cancer types

10.1038/s43018-025-00990-7 · 2025 · External reference

Bispecific killer engager for targeted depletion of PD-1 positive lymphocytes: A new avenue for autoimmune disease treatment

10.1016/j.apsb.2024.10.014 · 2025 · External reference

Spatiotemporally-controlled supramolecular hybrid nanoassembly enabling ferroptosis-augmented photodynamic immunotherapy of cancer

2025 · External reference

In situ polymerization-mediated antigen presentation

10.1021/jacs.3c02682 · 2023 · External reference

Bacterial membrane vesicles as heteroantigen reservoirs for potentiated colorectal cancer immunotherapy

10.1021/acsnano.5c03862 · 2025 · External reference

Next-generation combination approaches for immune checkpoint therapy

10.1038/s41590-024-02015-4 · 2024 · External reference

Synergistic antitumor therapy via immunophototherapy induced multi-modal cell death and immune microenvironment reprogramming

2026 · External reference

Akkermansia muciniphila-inspired oral siRNA delivery by active matrix-penetration and intracellular endoplasmic reticulum accumulation

2025 · External reference

Bioorthogonal chemistry mediated cell engineering for advanced cell and cell-derived vesicle therapies: Principles, progresses, and remaining challenges

10.1016/j.cej.2023.148120 · 2024 · External reference

In situ carrier-free nanovaccines reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment for boosting tumor immunotherapy

2026 · External reference

Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: rationale, challenges and potential

10.1038/s41575-019-0126-x · 2019 · External reference

Alteration of fecal tryptophan metabolism correlates with shifted microbiota and may be involved in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7173 · 2020 · External reference

Circulating tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with all-cause mortality among patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer

10.1002/ijc.35183 · 2025 · External reference

USP14 promotes tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression by stabilizing IDO1 in colorectal cancer

10.1038/s41467-022-33285-x · 2022 · External reference

IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism

10.1038/nri1457 · 2004 · External reference

An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor

10.1038/nature10491 · 2011 · External reference

Circulating tryptophan metabolites and risk of colon cancer: Results from case-control and prospective cohort studies

10.1002/ijc.33725 · 2021 · External reference

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway

10.1038/nature13323 · 2014 · External reference

Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22

10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.003 · 2013 · External reference

Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

10.1038/s41467-018-05470-4 · 2018 · External reference

Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites regulated by Wuji Wan to attenuate colitis through AhR signaling activation

10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.009 · 2025 · External reference

Respiratory immunization using antibiotic-inactivated Bordetella pertussis confers T cell-mediated protection against nasal infection in mice

10.1038/s41564-025-02166-6 · 2025 · External reference

Microbial metabolite enhances immunotherapy efficacy by modulating T cell stemness in pan-cancer

10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.022 · 2024 · External reference

Indole metabolites and colorectal cancer: Gut microbial tryptophan metabolism, host gut microbiome biomarkers, and potential intervention mechanisms

10.1016/j.micres.2023.127392 · 2023 · External reference

Gut microbial metabolites facilitate anticancer therapy efficacy by modulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immunity

10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.002 · 2021 · External reference

Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity

10.1038/nri.2016.42 · 2016 · External reference

Epacadostat plus pembrolizumab versus placebo plus pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma (ECHO-301/KEYNOTE-252): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind study

10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30274-8 · 2019 · External reference

Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond

10.1038/s41573-019-0016-5 · 2019 · External reference

An analysis of research on healthy lifestyle and digestive system cancers using bibliometric methods over the last two decades

10.1016/j.tmed.2026.100012 · 2026 · External reference

Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease

10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003 · 2018 · External reference

Engineering bacteria for cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting IDO activity and reprogramming CD8+ T cell response

10.1073/pnas.2412070121 · 2024 · External reference

Kynurenines: Tryptophan's metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health

10.1126/science.aaf9794 · 2017 · External reference

Tryptophan metabolism: A versatile area providing multiple targets for pharmacological intervention

2019 · External reference

Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells by stereoisomers of 1-methyl-tryptophan correlates with antitumor responses

10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2925 · 2007 · External reference

Discovery of potent competitive inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase with in vivo pharmacodynamic activity and efficacy in a mouse melanoma model

10.1021/jm900518f · 2009 · External reference

A montmorillonite-based oral fermentation system enables long-lasting in-situ biosynthesis to restore intestinal homeostasis

2026 · External reference

miRNA-loaded biomimetic nanoparticles orchestrate gut microbe to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease

10.1126/sciadv.adw5984 · 2025 · External reference

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and its therapeutic inhibition in cancer

10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.004 · 2018 · External reference

IDDF2024-ABS-0288 Engineered probiotic with high tryptophan synthesis capability protects against inflammatory bowel disease

2024 · External reference

Oral tryptophan activates duodenal aryl hydrocarbon receptor in healthy subjects: a crossover randomized controlled trial

10.1152/ajpgi.00306.2023 · 2024 · External reference

Dietary fibre directs microbial tryptophan metabolism via metabolic interactions in the gut microbiota

10.1038/s41564-024-01737-3 · 2024 · External reference

Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia

10.1152/physrev.00018.2006 · 2008 · External reference

Incorporation of polylactic acid microplastics into the carbon cycle as a carbon source to remodel the endogenous metabolism of the gut

10.1073/pnas.2417104122 · 2025 · External reference

Tryptophan metabolism: A link between the gut microbiota and brain

10.1093/advances/nmz127 · 2020 · External reference

Immune regulation through tryptophan metabolism

10.1038/s12276-023-01028-7 · 2023 · External reference

Epithelial indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor and notch signaling to increase differentiation of secretory cells and alter mucus-associated microbiota

10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.013 · 2019 · External reference

Role of tryptophan metabolism in cancer

10.1002/cai2.70037 · 2025 · External reference

Tryptophan metabolism in tumor microenvironment and therapeutic implications

10.1016/j.jare.2025.12.049 · 2025 · External reference

Targeting tryptophan catabolism in cancer immunotherapy era: Challenges and perspectives

10.3389/fimmu.2022.807271 · 2022 · External reference

Polymerization-mediated multifunctionalization of living cells for enhanced cell-based therapy

10.1002/adma.202007379 · 2021 · External reference

Ameba-inspired strategy enhances probiotic efficacy via prebound nutrient supply

2025 · External reference

Lactobacillus reuteri induces gut intraepithelial CD4(+)CD8aa(+) T cells

10.1126/science.aah5825 · 2017 · External reference

Bifidobacterium longum mediated tryptophan metabolism to improve atopic dermatitis via the gut-skin axis

10.1080/19490976.2022.2044723 · 2022 · External reference

Targeting dietary and microbial tryptophan-indole metabolism as therapeutic approaches to colon cancer

10.3390/nu13041189 · 2021 · External reference

Systemic immunity in cancer

10.1038/s41568-021-00347-z · 2021 · External reference

Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression

10.1101/gad.314617.118 · 2018 · External reference

A perspective on the safety of supplemental tryptophan based on its metabolic fates

10.3945/jn.115.228643 · 2016 · External reference

Serotonin syndrome: pathophysiology, clinical features, management, and potential future directions

10.1177/1178646919873925 · 2019 · External reference

Tryptophan metabolism in digestive system tumors: unraveling the pathways and implications

10.1186/s12964-024-01552-7 · 2024 · External reference

Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for effective therapy

10.1038/s41591-018-0014-x · 2018 · External reference

A two-way street: reciprocal regulation of metabolism and signalling

10.1038/nrm3305 · 2012 · External reference

Metabolic landscape of the tumor microenvironment at single cell resolution

10.1038/s41467-019-11738-0 · 2019 · External reference

Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment

10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.011 · 2023 · External reference

Blockade of the AHR restricts a Treg-macrophage suppressive axis induced by L-Kynurenine

10.1038/s41467-020-17750-z · 2020 · External reference