Research graph
References from Conflict or climate action? People’s destructive and constructive collective responses to climate threat. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Civil conflicts are associated with the global climate
10.1038/nature10311 · 2011 · External reference
Climate change and conflict
10.1038/s43017-022-00382-w · 2023 · External reference
Closing ranks: ingroup norm conformity as a subtle response to threatening climate change
10.1177/1368430217733119 · 2018 · External reference
Global warming is breeding social conflict: the subtle impact of climate change threat on authoritarian tendencies
10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.10.002 · 2012 · External reference
A social identity model of pro-environmental action (SIMPEA)
10.1037/rev0000090 · 2018 · External reference
Control motivation, collective action, and climate change
2026 · External reference
Exploring cultural differences in the extent to which people perceive and desire control
10.1177/0146167218780692 · 2019 · External reference
Just a drop in the ocean? How lay beliefs about the world influence efficacy, perceptions and intentions regarding pro-environmental behavior
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102445 · 2024 · External reference
Climate change helplessness and the (de)moralization of individual energy behavior
10.1037/xap0000105 · 2017 · External reference
Climate change and mental health
10.1007/s40572-020-00303-3 · 2021 · External reference
Looking at emotions to understand responses to environmental challenges
10.1177/17540739231193757 · 2023 · External reference
Climate change anxiety: a meta-analysis
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103015 · 2025 · External reference
Examining the (non-linear) relationships between climate change anxiety, information seeking, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102440 · 2024 · External reference
A meta-analysis on the relationship between climate anxiety and wellbeing
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102230 · 2024 · External reference
Agency through the we: group-based control theory
10.1177/09637214211068838 · 2022 · External reference
Empirical test of a general process model of threat and defense: a systematic examination of the affective-motivational processes underlying proximal and distal reactions to threat
10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104526 · 2024 · External reference
Let’s take back control: disentangling and integrating group-based and certainty-based social responses to threatened personal control
10.1080/10463283.2025.2509465 · 2025 · External reference
The power of we: evidence for group-based control
10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.014 · 2013 · External reference
Striving for group agency: threat to personal control increases the attractiveness of agentic groups
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00649 · 2015 · External reference
Change, yes ‘we’ can: protesting for (ingroup) and against (outgroup) change under conditions of threatened personal control
2025 · External reference
The groupy shift: conformity to liberal in-group norms as a group-based response to threatened personal control
10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.374 · 2017 · External reference
On defeating death: group reification and social identification as immortality strategies
10.1080/10463280500436024 · 2005 · External reference
Do salient social norms moderate mortality salience effects? A (challenging) meta-analysis of terror management studies
10.1177/10888683221107267 · 2023 · External reference
Uncertainty, group identification, and intergroup behavior: positive and negative outcomes of how people experience uncertainty
2024 · External reference
Terror management theory and mortality awareness: a missing link in climate response studies?
10.1002/wcc.566 · 2019 · External reference
10.1080/21711976.2016.1242228
10.1080/21711976.2016.1242228 · 2016 · External reference
The effect of climate change threat on public attitudes towards ethnic and religious minorities and climate refugees
10.1177/13684302241262252 · 2025 · External reference
The evolution of authoritarian processes: fostering cooperation in large-scale groups
10.1037/1089-2699.12.1.73 · 2008 · External reference
Climate change threats increase modern racism as a function of social dominance orientation and ingroup identification
10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104228 · 2021 · External reference
System justification, the denial of global warming, and the possibility of "system-sanctioned change"
10.1177/0146167209351435 · 2010 · External reference
Protesting to challenge or defend the system? A system justification perspective on collective action
10.1002/ejsp.2522 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of system-sanctioned framing on climate awareness and environmental action in the United States and beyond
10.1073/pnas.2405973121 · 2024 · External reference
Environmental threat in France: two studies testing the effect of threatening messages on system justification and environmental denial
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891329 · 2022 · External reference
Compensating personal climate response inefficacy with political conservatism?
2025 · External reference
Undesirable effects of threatening climate change information: a cross-cultural study
10.1177/1368430217735577 · 2018 · External reference
The strength and content of climate anger
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102738 · 2023 · External reference
Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action: correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries
10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101887 · 2022 · External reference
When climate anxiety motivates versus paralyzes: a conceptual replication of the inverted U-shaped relationship between climate anxiety and pro-environmental behavior
10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.103069 · 2026 · External reference
Climate anxiety in the United Kingdom: associations with environmentally relevant behavioural intentions, and the moderating role of efficacy
10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102595 · 2025 · External reference
Toward a comprehensive and potentially cross-cultural model of why people engage in collective action: a quantitative research synthesis of four motivations and structural constraints
10.1037/bul0000256 · 2021 · External reference
Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms
10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.08.007 · 2010 · External reference
Do I fear death? The effects of mortality salience on anti-consumption lifestyles
10.1111/joca.12100 · 2016 · External reference
The nature of death and the death of nature: The impact of mortality salience on environmental concern
10.1016/j.jrp.2008.04.007 · 2008 · External reference
When will we join the road blockade? (non)conformity to radical climate protest norms under salient threat to personal control
10.1037/mot0000368 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Heating up intergroup conflict: Radical antagonistic responses to the threats of rapid climate change
10.1037/vio0000637 · 2025 · External reference
Is conservative opposition to climate change threat-based? Articulating an integrated threat model of climate change attitudes
10.1111/bjso.12710 · 2024 · External reference
Pro-environmental behaviors for thee but not for me: green giants, green Gods, and external environmental locus of control
10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.007 · 2014 · External reference
Evidence for motivated control: understanding the paradoxical link between threat and efficacy beliefs about climate change
10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.02.003 · 2015 · External reference
10.2139/ssrn.6844129
10.2139/ssrn.6844129 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points
10.1126/science.abn7950 · 2022 · External reference
Collective responses to global challenges: the social psychology of pro-environmental action
10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101562 · 2021 · External reference
SARS-Cov-2 and environmental protection: a collective psychology agenda for environmental psychology research
10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101444 · 2020 · External reference
Collective guilt mediates the effect of beliefs about global warming on willingness to engage in mitigation behavior
10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.010 · 2010 · External reference
A meta-analysis of field-experiments using social norms to promote pro-environmental behaviors
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101941 · 2019 · External reference
Direct and mediated impacts of social norms on pro-environmental behavior
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102680 · 2023 · External reference
Climate change action as a project of identity: eight meta-analyses
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102322 · 2021 · External reference
Believing that we can change our world for the better: a triple-A (agent-action-aim) framework of self-efficacy beliefs in the context of collective social and ecological aims
10.1177/10888683231178056 · 2024 · External reference
Discounting the future: the effect of collective motivation on investment decisions and acceptance of policies for renewable energy
10.1371/journal.pclm.0000173 · 2023 · External reference
Culture and pro-environmental behavior
2025 · External reference
How normative appeals influence pro-environmental behavior: the role of individualism and collectivism
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131086 · 2022 · External reference
Experimentally elevating environmental cognitive alternatives: effects on activist identification, willingness to act, and opposition to new fossil fuel projects
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102516 · 2025 · External reference
From imagination to activism: cognitive alternatives motivate commitment to activism through identification with social movements and collective efficacy
10.1111/bjso.12811 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Public support for climate action is underestimated in the German political domain
10.1038/s43247-026-03721-7 · 2026 · External reference
Protesting to challenge or defend the system? A system justification perspective on collective action
10.1002/ejsp.2522 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Terror management theory and mortality awareness: a missing link in climate response studies?
10.1002/wcc.566 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate change and mental health
10.1007/s40572-020-00303-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A meta-analysis of field-experiments using social norms to promote pro-environmental behaviors
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101941 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate change action as a project of identity: eight meta-analyses
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102322 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Direct and mediated impacts of social norms on pro-environmental behavior
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102680 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The strength and content of climate anger
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102738 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate change anxiety: a meta-analysis
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pro-environmental behaviors for thee but not for me: green giants, green Gods, and external environmental locus of control
10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How normative appeals influence pro-environmental behavior: the role of individualism and collectivism
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131086 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms
10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.08.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Collective guilt mediates the effect of beliefs about global warming on willingness to engage in mitigation behavior
10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global warming is breeding social conflict: the subtle impact of climate change threat on authoritarian tendencies
10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.10.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evidence for motivated control: understanding the paradoxical link between threat and efficacy beliefs about climate change
10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.02.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
SARS-Cov-2 and environmental protection: a collective psychology agenda for environmental psychology research
10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101444 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Collective responses to global challenges: the social psychology of pro-environmental action
10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101562 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action: correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries
10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101887 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A meta-analysis on the relationship between climate anxiety and wellbeing
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102230 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining the (non-linear) relationships between climate change anxiety, information seeking, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102440 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Just a drop in the ocean? How lay beliefs about the world influence efficacy, perceptions and intentions regarding pro-environmental behavior
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102445 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Experimentally elevating environmental cognitive alternatives: effects on activist identification, willingness to act, and opposition to new fossil fuel projects
10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102516 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate anxiety in the United Kingdom: associations with environmentally relevant behavioural intentions, and the moderating role of efficacy
10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102595 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
When climate anxiety motivates versus paralyzes: a conceptual replication of the inverted U-shaped relationship between climate anxiety and pro-environmental behavior
10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.103069 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The power of we: evidence for group-based control
10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate change threats increase modern racism as a function of social dominance orientation and ingroup identification
10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104228 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Empirical test of a general process model of threat and defense: a systematic examination of the affective-motivational processes underlying proximal and distal reactions to threat
10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104526 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The nature of death and the death of nature: The impact of mortality salience on environmental concern
10.1016/j.jrp.2008.04.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The evolution of authoritarian processes: fostering cooperation in large-scale groups
10.1037/1089-2699.12.1.73 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Toward a comprehensive and potentially cross-cultural model of why people engage in collective action: a quantitative research synthesis of four motivations and structural constraints
10.1037/bul0000256 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
When will we join the road blockade? (non)conformity to radical climate protest norms under salient threat to personal control
10.1037/mot0000368 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A social identity model of pro-environmental action (SIMPEA)
10.1037/rev0000090 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Heating up intergroup conflict: Radical antagonistic responses to the threats of rapid climate change
10.1037/vio0000637 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate change helplessness and the (de)moralization of individual energy behavior
10.1037/xap0000105 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Civil conflicts are associated with the global climate
10.1038/nature10311 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Climate change and conflict
10.1038/s43017-022-00382-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Public support for climate action is underestimated in the German political domain
10.1038/s43247-026-03721-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of system-sanctioned framing on climate awareness and environmental action in the United States and beyond
10.1073/pnas.2405973121 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
On defeating death: group reification and social identification as immortality strategies
10.1080/10463280500436024 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Let’s take back control: disentangling and integrating group-based and certainty-based social responses to threatened personal control
10.1080/10463283.2025.2509465 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1080/21711976.2016.1242228
10.1080/21711976.2016.1242228 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is conservative opposition to climate change threat-based? Articulating an integrated threat model of climate change attitudes
10.1111/bjso.12710 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
From imagination to activism: cognitive alternatives motivate commitment to activism through identification with social movements and collective efficacy
10.1111/bjso.12811 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Do I fear death? The effects of mortality salience on anti-consumption lifestyles
10.1111/joca.12100 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points
10.1126/science.abn7950 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
System justification, the denial of global warming, and the possibility of "system-sanctioned change"
10.1177/0146167209351435 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exploring cultural differences in the extent to which people perceive and desire control
10.1177/0146167218780692 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Agency through the we: group-based control theory
10.1177/09637214211068838 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Do salient social norms moderate mortality salience effects? A (challenging) meta-analysis of terror management studies
10.1177/10888683221107267 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Believing that we can change our world for the better: a triple-A (agent-action-aim) framework of self-efficacy beliefs in the context of collective social and ecological aims
10.1177/10888683231178056 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Closing ranks: ingroup norm conformity as a subtle response to threatening climate change
10.1177/1368430217733119 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Undesirable effects of threatening climate change information: a cross-cultural study
10.1177/1368430217735577 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of climate change threat on public attitudes towards ethnic and religious minorities and climate refugees
10.1177/13684302241262252 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Looking at emotions to understand responses to environmental challenges
10.1177/17540739231193757 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Discounting the future: the effect of collective motivation on investment decisions and acceptance of policies for renewable energy
10.1371/journal.pclm.0000173 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The groupy shift: conformity to liberal in-group norms as a group-based response to threatened personal control
10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.374 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.2139/ssrn.6844129
10.2139/ssrn.6844129 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Striving for group agency: threat to personal control increases the attractiveness of agentic groups
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00649 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Environmental threat in France: two studies testing the effect of threatening messages on system justification and environmental denial
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891329 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
