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References from Suppressed inquiry: The hidden toll of working with satisfaction-optimized AI. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences
2017 · External reference
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
2022 · External reference
Towards understanding sycophancy in language models
2024 · External reference
Discovering language model behaviors with model-written evaluations
2022 · External reference
Thinking-fast, slow, and artificial: how AI is reshaping human reasoning and the rise of cognitive surrender
2026 · External reference
Large language models are overconfident and amplify human bias
2025 · External reference
The narrow search effect and how broadening search promotes belief updating
10.1073/pnas.2408175122 · 2025 · External reference
ChatGPT decreases idea diversity in brainstorming
10.1038/s41562-025-02173-x · 2025 · External reference
Large language models that replace human participants can harmfully misportray and flatten identity groups
10.1038/s42256-025-00986-z · 2025 · External reference
On the dangers of stochastic parrots: can language models be too big?
2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2011 · External reference
The benefits of cognitive disfluency
10.1177/0963721413498894 · 2013 · External reference
Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning
2011 · External reference
Examining productive failure, productive success, unproductive failure, and unproductive success in learning
10.1080/00461520.2016.1155457 · 2016 · External reference
Against frictionless AI commun
2026 · External reference
Experimental evidence of the effects of large language models versus web search on depth of learning
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf316 · 2025 · External reference
Artificial intelligence and illusions of understanding in scientific research
10.1038/s41586-024-07146-0 · 2024 · External reference
AI makes you smarter but none the wiser: the disconnect between performance and metacognition
10.1016/j.chb.2025.108779 · 2026 · External reference
Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making
10.1207/s15327663jcp1404_2 · 2004 · External reference
Complacency and bias in human use of automation: an attentional integration
10.1177/0018720810376055 · 2010 · External reference
Intuitive evaluation of likelihood judgment producers: evidence for a confidence heuristic
10.1002/bdm.460 · 2004 · External reference
Your brain on ChatGPT: accumulation of cognitive debt when using an AI assistant for essay writing task
2025 · External reference
The risks of letting AI direct conversations
2026 · External reference
Linguistic mirroring: AI communication style affects how consumers see themselves
2026 · External reference
The misunderstood limits of folk science: an illusion of explanatory depth
10.1207/s15516709cog2605_1 · 2002 · External reference
Cognitive reflection and decision making
10.1257/089533005775196732 · 2005 · External reference
Accounting for the effects of accountability
10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.255 · 1999 · External reference
Overconfidence without understanding: AI explanations increase the illusion of explanatory depth
2025 · External reference
Habitual use of GPS negatively impacts spatial memory during self-guided navigation
10.1038/s41598-020-62877-0 · 2020 · External reference
AI-induced deskilling in medicine: a mixed-method review and research agenda for healthcare and beyond
10.1007/s10462-025-11352-1 · 2025 · External reference
Endoscopist deskilling risk after exposure to artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: a multicentre, observational study
10.1016/s2468-1253(25)00133-5 · 2025 · External reference
AI assistance reduces persistence and hurts independent performance
2026 · External reference
Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: evidence from high school mathematics
10.1073/pnas.2422633122 · 2025 · External reference
Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68 · 2000 · External reference
Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers
10.1073/pnas.0403723101 · 2004 · External reference
Measuring sycophancy of language models in multi-turn dialogues
2025 · External reference
LLMs get lost in multi-turn conversation
2025 · External reference
Decision making and the avoidance of cognitive demand
10.1037/a0020198 · 2010 · External reference
Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence
10.1126/science.adh2586 · 2023 · External reference
Acceptability lies in the eye of the beholder: self-other biases in GenAI collaborations
10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.006 · 2024 · External reference
Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content
10.1126/sciadv.adn5290 · 2024 · External reference
Generative artificial intelligence, human creativity, and art
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae052 · 2024 · External reference
Sycophantic AI decreases prosocial intentions and promotes dependence
10.1126/science.aec8352 · 2026 · External reference
AI advice suppresses people's willingness to say “I don't know,” even when the advice is wrong and accuracy is incentivized
2026 · External reference
Beware of metacognitive laziness: effects of generative artificial intelligence on learning motivation, processes, and performance
10.1111/bjet.13544 · 2025 · External reference
ELEPHANT: measuring and understanding social sycophancy in LLMs
2026 · External reference
Minds and brains of media multitaskers: current findings and future directions
10.1073/pnas.1611612115 · 2018 · External reference
The "online brain": how the internet may be changing our cognition
10.1002/wps.20617 · 2019 · External reference
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