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References from If it is in the adrenal gland, it is not essential (hypertension). Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Perioperative hypertensive emergencies
10.1007/s11906-014-0448-6 · 2014 · External reference
Preoperative hypertension
10.1007/s40140-018-0248-7 · 2018 · External reference
Hypertension. Preoperative assessment and perioperative management
1995 · External reference
Blood pressure targets in perioperative care: provisional considerations based on a comprehensive literature review
10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11688 · 2018 · External reference
Studies of anaesthesia in relation to hypertension. I. Cardiovascular responses of treated and untreated patients
10.1093/bja/43.2.122 · 1971 · External reference
Association of preanesthesia hypertension with adverse outcomes
10.1053/j.jvca.2010.06.022 · 2010 · External reference
New advances in endocrine hypertension: from genes to biomarkers
10.1016/j.kint.2022.12.021 · 2023 · External reference
Improvement of hypertension control and left-ventricular function after cure of primary hyperparathyroidism
10.3389/fendo.2023.1163877 · 2023 · External reference
Parathyroidectomy decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
10.1016/j.surg.2009.09.024 · 2009 · External reference
Hypertension in thyroid disorders
10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30103-8 · 1994 · External reference
Pheochromocytoma as an endocrine emergency
10.1023/a:1022981801344 · 2003 · External reference
Risk factors for hemodynamic instability during surgery for pheochromocytoma
10.1210/jc.2009-1051 · 2010 · External reference
Current concepts of pheochromocytoma
10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.04.001 · 2014 · External reference
Perioperative management of pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas
10.1210/jendso/bvac004 · 2022 · External reference
Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: review of perioperative management of blood pressure and update on genetic mutations associated with pheochromocytoma
10.1111/jch.12084 · 2013 · External reference
Acute hypertensive crisis secondary to pheochromocytoma during elective cosmetic surgery
10.1097/prs.0000000000000784 · 2015 · External reference
Pathophysiology and diagnosis of disorders of the adrenal medulla: focus on pheochromocytoma
10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00559.x · 2014 · External reference
Adrenal pheochromocytoma remains a frequently overlooked diagnosis
10.1016/s0002-9610(00)00296-8 · 2000 · External reference
Mortality associated with phaeochromocytoma
10.1055/s-0032-1331217 · 2013 · External reference
Cardiovascular manifestations of pheochromocytoma
10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834a4ce9 · 2011 · External reference
Life-threatening events in patients with pheochromocytoma
10.1530/eje-15-0483 · 2015 · External reference
The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline
10.1210/jc.2015-4061 · 2016 · External reference
Is laparoscopic adrenalectomy indicated for pheochromocytomas?
10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80058-4 · 1996 · External reference
Surgical approach to patients with pheochromocytoma
10.21037/gs.2019.10.20 · 2020 · External reference
Is the laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma the best treatment?
10.1016/j.surg.2006.10.012 · 2007 · External reference
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors with endocrine activity: perioperative management pathways for reduced complications and improved outcomes
10.1111/iju.15218 · 2023 · External reference
Impact of dedicated multidisciplinary service on patient selection and outcomes for surgical treatment of primary aldosteronism
10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.010 · 2022 · External reference
Surgical approach to endocrine hypertension in patients with adrenal disorders
10.1016/j.ecl.2019.08.014 · 2019 · External reference
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice guideline
10.1210/jc.2014-1498 · 2014 · External reference
Perioperative management of pheochromocytoma
10.1053/j.jvca.2017.02.023 · 2017 · External reference
Intraoperative blood pressure. What patterns identify patients at risk for postoperative complications?
10.1097/00000658-199011000-00003 · 1990 · External reference
2014 ESC/ESA guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management
10.1093/eurheartj/ehu285 · 2014 · External reference
The burden of perioperative hypertension/hypotension: a systematic review
2022 · External reference
Association between intraoperative hypotension and hypertension and 30-day postoperative mortality in noncardiac surgery
10.1097/aln.0000000000000756 · 2015 · External reference
Perioperative blood pressure management
10.1097/aln.0000000000003610 · 2021 · External reference
Comparison of intraoperative arterial blood pressure lability during general anaesthesia in masked, uncontrolled hypertensive and adequately controlled hypertensive patients: a prospective observational study
10.5114/ait.2022.123143 · 2022 · External reference
Preoperative α-blockade versus no blockade for pheochromocytoma–paraganglioma patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis
10.1097/js9.0000000000000390 · 2023 · External reference
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla: physiology, pharmacology, and disease
10.1002/j.2040-4603.2019.tb00098.x · 2019 · External reference
Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas
10.1007/s12022-022-09704-6 · 2022 · External reference
The molecular classification of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: discovering the genomic and immune landscape of metastatic disease
10.1007/s12022-024-09830-3 · 2024 · External reference
International consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents
10.1038/s41574-024-01024-5 · 2024 · External reference
New biology of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
10.1016/j.eprac.2022.09.003 · 2022 · External reference
Personalized management of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
10.1210/endrev/bnab019 · 2022 · External reference
New perspectives on pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: toward a molecular classification
10.1210/er.2017-00062 · 2017 · External reference
Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: how to distinguish true- from false-positive test results
10.1210/jc.2002-030005 · 2003 · External reference
Improved diagnostic accuracy of clonidine suppression testing using an age-related cutoff for plasma normetanephrine
10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19019 · 2022 · External reference
Food sources and biomolecular targets of tyramine
10.1093/nutrit/nuy036 · 2019 · External reference
Optimized reference intervals for plasma free metanephrines in patients with CKD
10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.018 · 2018 · External reference
Plasma methoxy tyramine: clinical utility with metanephrines for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
10.1530/eje-17-0077 · 2017 · External reference
Superiority of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to other functional imaging techniques in the evaluation of metastatic SDHB-associated pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
10.1200/jco.2006.09.6297 · 2007 · External reference
68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT in paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma: utility, patterns and heterogeneity
10.1186/s40644-016-0084-2 · 2016 · External reference
The additional value of somatostatin receptor positron emission computed tomography ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT) compared with magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck region in paraganglioma patients: a pilot study
10.3390/cancers16050986 · 2024 · External reference
Management of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.014 · 2024 · External reference
Is the excess cardiovascular morbidity in pheochromocytoma related to blood pressure or to catecholamines?
10.1210/jc.2012-3669 · 2013 · External reference
Does this patient have pheochromocytoma? A systematic review of clinical signs and symptoms
10.1186/s40200-016-0226-x · 2016 · External reference
Lack of symptoms in patients with histologic evidence of pheochromocytoma: a diagnostic challenge
10.1196/annals.1353.005 · 2006 · External reference
1111 patients with adrenal incidentalomas observed at a single endocrinological center: incidence of chromaffin tumors
10.1196/annals.1353.004 · 2006 · External reference
The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management
10.1210/er.2002-0031 · 2004 · External reference
A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study group on adrenal tumors of the italian society of endocrinology
2000 · External reference
Phaeochromocytomas discovered during coronial autopsies in Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland
10.1111/j.1445-5994.2000.tb04358.x · 2000 · External reference
Prevalence of clinically unsuspected pheochromocytoma. Review of a 50-year autopsy series
10.1016/s0025-6196(26)01464-3 · 1981 · External reference
Pheochromocytoma, a rare cause of hypertension: long-term follow-up of 55 surgically treated patients
10.1007/s002689900454 · 1998 · External reference
Pheochromocytoma in Italy: a multicentric retrospective study
10.1530/eje.0.1410619 · 1999 · External reference
Long-term results in 64 patients operated upon for pheochromocytoma
10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb15883.x · 1988 · External reference
Anaesthetic management of patients with phaeochromocytoma
10.1093/bja/56.7.781 · 1984 · External reference
Study heterogeneity and estimation of prevalence of primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
10.1210/jc.2016-1472 · 2016 · External reference
Commentary on incidence of primary aldosteronism: current estimations based on objective data
10.1001/archinte.1969.00300120040006 · 1969 · External reference
Reliability of screening methods for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism
10.1016/0002-9343(79)90786-1 · 1979 · External reference
Prevalence and clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism encountered in primary care practice
10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.052 · 2017 · External reference
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among unselected hypertensive patients: a prospective study based on the use of an Aldosterone/Renin ratio above 25 as a screening test
10.1291/hypres.30.111 · 2007 · External reference
A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients
10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.059 · 2006 · External reference
Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: a retrospective observational study
10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60834-x · 2008 · External reference
Underdiagnosis of primary aldosteronism: a review of screening and detection
10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.01.447 · 2023 · External reference
Clinical management of primary aldosteronism: an update
10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22642 · 2024 · External reference
What we know about and what is new in primary aldosteronism
10.3390/ijms25020900 · 2024 · External reference
Cardiovascular events and target organ damage in primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30319-4 · 2018 · External reference
Subclinical primary aldosteronism and cardiovascular health: a population-based cohort study
10.1161/circulationaha.123.066389 · 2024 · External reference
Hypertension and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
2018 · External reference
Aldosterone to renin ratio as screening tool in primary aldosteronism
10.1055/a-0672-0836 · 2019 · External reference
Adverse effects of aldosterone: beyond blood pressure
10.1161/jaha.123.030142 · 2024 · External reference
Chapter five: aldosterone and ion channels
10.1016/bs.vh.2018.10.004 · 2019 · External reference
Primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
10.1210/clinem/dgaf284 · 2025 · External reference
Primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
10.1210/clinem/dgaf284 · 2025 · External reference
Genetic causes of primary aldosteronism
10.1038/s12276-019-0337-9 · 2019 · External reference
Pathophysiology and histopathology of primary aldosteronism
10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.002 · 2022 · External reference
The biology of normal zona glomerulosa and aldosterone-producing adenoma: pathological implications
2018 · External reference
Treatment of familial hyperaldosteronism type I: only partial suppression of adrenocorticotropin required to correct hypertension
10.1210/jcem.85.9.6834 · 2000 · External reference
Nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1097/md.0000000000005641 · 2017 · External reference
A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity: results in hypertensive patients
10.1001/archinte.1981.00340130033011 · 1981 · External reference
Treating primary aldosteronism-induced hypertension: novel approaches and future outlooks
10.1210/endrev/bnad026 · 2024 · External reference
Quantitative value of aldosterone-renin ratio for detection of aldosterone-producing adenoma: the aldosterone-renin ratio for primary aldosteronism (AQUARR) study
10.1161/jaha.117.005574 · 2017 · External reference
Feasibility of primary aldosteronism diagnosis in initial evaluation without medication withdrawal or confirmatory tests
10.1007/s12020-024-03798-0 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of mineralocorticoid and AT1 receptor antagonism on the aldosterone-renin ratio in primary aldosteronism—the EMIRA study
10.1210/clinem/dgaa080 · 2020 · External reference
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists decrease the rates of positive screening for primary aldosteronism
10.4158/ep-2020-0277 · 2020 · External reference
Practice recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of the most common forms of secondary hypertension
10.1007/s40292-020-00415-9 · 2020 · External reference
Exclusion tests in unilateral primary aldosteronism (ExcluPA) study
10.1210/clinem/dgac654 · 2023 · External reference
Performance of confirmatory tests for diagnosing primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19377 · 2022 · External reference
Evaluation of adrenal vein sampling use and outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism
10.1016/j.jss.2020.05.099 · 2020 · External reference
Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism
10.1016/j.surg.2004.06.051 · 2004 · External reference
Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of 11C-metomidate positron emission tomography (PET)-CT for lateralizing aldosterone secretion by Conn's adenomas
10.1210/jc.2011-1537 · 2012 · External reference
11C-metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling for diagnosing surgically curable primary aldosteronism: a prospective, within-patient trial
10.1038/s41591-022-02114-5 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment: a meta-analysis
10.1530/eje-22-0375 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality outcomes of adrenalectomy versus medical treatment in primary aldosteronism: an umbrella review
10.1097/js9.0000000000002048 · 2024 · External reference
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for primary aldosteronism-appropriate or not?
10.1093/ejendo/lvad020 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study
10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30367-4 · 2018 · External reference
Renal damage in primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1097/hjh.0000000000002216 · 2020 · External reference
The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism)
10.3171/jns.1964.21.4.0318 · 1964 · External reference
Cushing syndrome: a review
10.1001/jama.2023.11305 · 2023 · External reference
Cushing's syndrome
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01961-x · 2023 · External reference
Cushing syndrome
2025 · External reference
Global Cushing's disease epidemiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
10.1007/s40618-022-01754-1 · 2022 · External reference
Epidemiology and mortality of Cushing’s syndrome. Baillière's Best practice & research
2021 · External reference
The hypertension of Cushing's syndrome: controversies in the pathophysiology and focus on cardiovascular complications
10.1097/hjh.0000000000000415 · 2015 · External reference
Clinical presentation and etiology of Cushing's syndrome: data from ERCUSYN
10.1111/jne.13114 · 2022 · External reference
Cushing's syndrome: overview of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and complications. Baillière's Best practice & research
2020 · External reference
Altered circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with Cushing's syndrome
10.1161/01.hyp.12.1.11 · 1988 · External reference
Diagnosis and management of hypertension in patients with Cushing's syndrome: a position statement and consensus of the Working Group on Endocrine Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension
10.1097/hjh.0000000000003252 · 2022 · External reference
Hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. Baillière's best practice & research
2006 · External reference
Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art
10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00086-3 · 2016 · External reference
Long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with Cushing's syndrome
10.1111/jne.13113 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiovascular health and mortality in Cushing’s disease
10.1007/s11102-022-01258-4 · 2022 · External reference
High cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing's syndrome according to 1999 WHO/ISH guidelines
10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02168.x · 2004 · External reference
Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Cushing's syndrome of different aetiologies during active disease and 1 year after remission
10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04055.x · 2011 · External reference
Association of hypertension and hypokalemia with Cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic ACTH secretion: a series of 58 cases
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04419.x · 2002 · External reference
The pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension in patients with Cushing's syndrome
10.3389/fendo.2019.00321 · 2019 · External reference
Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
10.1210/jc.2015-1818 · 2015 · External reference
Long-term outcome of primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia after unilateral adrenalectomy
10.1210/jc.2018-02204 · 2019 · External reference
Acute and life-threatening complications in Cushing syndrome: prevalence, predictors, and mortality
10.1210/clinem/dgab058 · 2021 · External reference
Perioperative management of a patient with Cushing disease
10.1210/jendso/bvac010 · 2022 · External reference
Cushing syndrome: old and new genes. Baillière's Best practice & research
2020 · External reference
Genetics of Cushing’s syndrome
10.1016/j.ecl.2018.02.007 · 2018 · External reference
The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
10.1210/jc.2008-0125 · 2008 · External reference
Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update
10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00235-7 · 2021 · External reference
The clinical impact of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/CT for the diagnosis and management of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone - secreting tumors
10.1111/cen.14008 · 2019 · External reference
Diagnostic utility of gallium-68-somatostatin receptor PET/CT in ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors: a systematic literature review and single-center clinical experience
10.1007/s11102-019-00972-w · 2019 · External reference
Glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome following treatment of endogenous Cushing syndrome
10.1007/s11102-022-01218-y · 2022 · External reference
Mild autonomous cortisol secretion: pathophysiology, comorbidities and management approaches
10.1038/s41574-024-00984-y · 2024 · External reference
Natural history of adrenal incidentalomas with and without mild autonomous cortisol excess: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.7326/m18-3630 · 2019 · External reference
Cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with adrenal incidentalomas that are either non-secreting or associated with intermediate phenotype or subclinical Cushing's syndrome: a 15-year retrospective study
10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70211-0 · 2014 · External reference
Comorbidities in mild autonomous cortisol secretion and the effect of treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1093/ejendo/lvad134 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in patients with subclinical Cushing
10.1007/s12020-020-02297-2 · 2020 · External reference
Therapy of Endocrine Disease: improvement of cardiovascular risk factors after adrenalectomy in patients with adrenal tumors and subclinical Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1530/eje-16-0465 · 2016 · External reference
Adrenalectomy improves blood pressure and metabolic control in patients with possible autonomous cortisol secretion: results of a RCT
10.3389/fendo.2022.898084 · 2022 · External reference
European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors
10.1093/ejendo/lvad066 · 2023 · External reference
The entity of Connshing syndrome: primary aldosteronism with autonomous cortisol secretion
10.3390/diagnostics12112772 · 2022 · External reference
Molecular genetic and genomic alterations in Cushing’s syndrome and primary aldosteronism
10.3389/fendo.2021.632543 · 2021 · External reference
A unified cause for adrenal Cushing's syndrome
10.1126/science.1254901 · 2014 · External reference
False-positive results of adrenal venous sampling due to mild autonomous cortisol secretion in a patient with primary aldosteronism: a case report with review of literature
10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0312 · 2026 · External reference
Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies: prevalence and clinical presentation
10.1161/01.hyp.27.1.144 · 1996 · External reference