Research graph
References from Multifactorial determinants of visual outcome in very and extremely preterm infants: A systematic literature review of risk factors for visual and oculomotor dysfunctions. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Defining the neurologic consequences of preterm birth
10.1056/nejmra2303347 · 2023 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm and very-low-birthweight infants born over the past decade: a meta-analytic review
10.1111/dmcn.13675 · 2018 · External reference
Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review
10.1177/03000605211028026 · 2021 · External reference
Visual impairment: a common sequela of preterm birth
10.1542/neo.13-9-e542 · 2012 · External reference
Impaired cognitive ability at 2.5 years predicts later visual and ophthalmological problems in children born very preterm
10.1111/apa.14209 · 2018 · External reference
The effects of preterm birth on visual development
10.1111/cxo.12578 · 2018 · External reference
Developmental trajectories of visual orienting functions in children born very or extremely preterm
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106191 · 2025 · External reference
Cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) working definition: a report from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) CVI workshop
10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.09.017 · 2024 · External reference
Early visuospatial attention and processing and related neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in children born very preterm
10.1038/s41390-020-01206-7 · 2021 · External reference
Ventral stream sensitivity in “healthy” preterm-born adolescents: psychophysical and neuropsychological evaluation
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.10.006 · 2014 · External reference
Cognitive visual dysfunctions in preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03272.x · 2009 · External reference
Cognitive profiles and visuoperceptual abilities in preterm and term spastic diplegic children with periventricular leukomalacia
10.1177/0883073807300529 · 2007 · External reference
Cerebral visual impairment in periventricular leukomalacia
10.1055/s-2007-973551 · 1998 · External reference
Early and long-term outcome of infants born extremely preterm
10.1136/archdischild-2015-309581 · 2017 · External reference
Brain MRI findings and their association with visual impairment in young adolescents born very preterm
10.1007/s00234-023-03235-5 · 2024 · External reference
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a radiological review
10.4103/1817-1745.205646 · 2017 · External reference
Neonatal Assessment Visual European Grid (NAVEG): unveiling neurological risk
10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.06.002 · 2017 · External reference
Development of human visual function
10.1016/j.visres.2011.02.018 · 2011 · External reference
Recovery of visual functions after early acquired occipital damage
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02044.x · 2008 · External reference
Visual–perceptual impairment in children with periventricular leukomalacia
10.1016/j.braindev.2004.02.002 · 2004 · External reference
Assessment of autism in children with visual impairment
10.1111/dmcn.12320 · 2014 · External reference
Cerebral visual impairment in periventricular leukomalacia: MR correlation
1996 · External reference
Molecular basis of plasticity in the visual cortex
10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00168-1 · 2003 · External reference
Environmental enrichment prevents effects of dark-rearing in the rat visual cortex
10.1038/nn1201 · 2004 · External reference
Enriched environment and acceleration of visual system development
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.008 · 2004 · External reference
A window to the brain—the enduring impact of vision research
10.3390/brainsci15050453 · 2025 · External reference
The retina as a window to the brain—from eye research to CNS disorders
10.1038/nrneurol.2012.227 · 2013 · External reference
Visual function in preterm infants: visualizing the brain to improve prognosis
10.1007/s10633-013-9397-7 · 2013 · External reference
Visual development in preterm infants
10.1017/s0012162205000514 · 2005 · External reference
Procedures for the evaluation of the visual system by pediatricians
10.1542/peds.2015-3597 · 2016 · External reference
Executive functioning, motor difficulties, and developmental coordination disorder
10.1080/87565641.2014.997933 · 2015 · External reference
Development of smooth pursuit eye movements in very prematurely born infants: 2. The low-risk subgroup
10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02247.x · 2011 · External reference
Early assessment of visual function in full term newborns
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.03.010 · 2008 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
2021 · External reference
Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews
10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 · 2016 · External reference
JBI critical appraisal checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses
10.29173/jchla29801 · 2024 · External reference
Correlation of central visual function and ROP risk factors in prematures with and without acute ROP at the age of 6–13 years: the Giessen long-term ROP study
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307855 · 2016 · External reference
Ophthalmological impairments at five and a half years after preterm birth: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study
10.3390/jcm11082139 · 2022 · External reference
Visual attention control differences in 12-month-old preterm infants
10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.01.002 · 2018 · External reference
Correlation of morphological parameters and visual acuity with neurological development in former preterm children aged 4–10 years
10.1111/aos.13755 · 2018 · External reference
Visual acuity, amblyopia, and vision-related quality of life in preterm adults with and without ROP: results from the Gutenberg prematurity eye study
10.1038/s41433-022-02207-y · 2023 · External reference
Ophthalmologic outcome of extremely preterm infants at 6.5 years of age: Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS)
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.0391 · 2016 · External reference
Retrospective evaluation of ophthalmological and neurological outcomes for infants born before 24 weeks gestational age in a Swedish cohort
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055567 · 2022 · External reference
Antecedents and correlates of visual field deficits in children born extremely preterm
10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.10.002 · 2015 · External reference
Severity of retinopathy of prematurity was associated with a higher risk of cerebral dysfunction in young adults born extremely preterm
10.1111/apa.15461 · 2021 · External reference
Functional ophthalmic factors associated with extreme prematurity in young adults
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45702 · 2022 · External reference
Different aspects of visual perception are important for 12-year social functioning depending on gestational age
10.1111/apa.16794 · 2023 · External reference
Early screening of visual processing dysfunctions in children born very or extremely preterm
10.3389/fnhum.2021.729080 · 2021 · External reference
The long-term outcome of extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestational age) infants with and without severe retinopathy of prematurity
10.1111/jnp.12069 · 2016 · External reference
Intraventricular hemorrhage and developmental outcomes at 24 months of age in extremely preterm infants
10.1177/0883073811424462 · 2012 · External reference
Impaired visual fixation at the age of 2 years in children born before the twenty-eighth week of gestation. Antecedents and correlates in the multicenter ELGAN study
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.03.007 · 2014 · External reference
Early visual and neuro-development in preterm infants with and without retinopathy
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105134 · 2020 · External reference
Visual abilities at 6 months in preterm infants: impact of thyroid hormone deficiency and neonatal medical morbidity
10.1089/thy.2009.0128 · 2010 · External reference
Cerebral damage may be the primary risk factor for visual impairment in preschool children born extremely premature
10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1393 · 2012 · External reference
Refractive state and visual acuity of children with extremely low birth weight at 3 years old in Japan
10.1007/s10384-020-00754-z · 2020 · External reference
Visual acuity outcomes up to 12 years and risk factors for visual impairment in a national cohort of extremely preterm born children - the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS)
10.1111/aos.17525 · 2026 · External reference
Visual maturation at term equivalent age in very premature infants according to factors influencing its development
10.3389/fphys.2018.01649 · 2018 · External reference
Visual acuity in the first two years of life in healthy term newborns: an experience with the teller acuity cards
2002 · External reference
A scoping review of adverse visual outcomes among preterm infants without, versus those with, retinopathy of prematurity
10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.11.009 · 2026 · External reference
Retinopathy of prematurity
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60178-6 · 2013 · External reference
21 long-term ophthalmologic outcome of young adults born extremely preterm
10.1093/pch/pxab061.015 · 2021 · External reference
Early neurosensory visual development of the fetus and newborn
10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.010 · 2004 · External reference
Advances in the evaluation and management of cortical/cerebral visual impairment in children
10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.03.001 · 2020 · External reference
Vision screening in children: why and how?
10.3109/09286586.2014.926557 · 2014 · External reference
Brain growth gains and losses in extremely preterm infants at term
10.1093/cercor/bht431 · 2015 · External reference
Dysmaturation of premature brain: importance, cellular mechanisms, and potential interventions
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.02.016 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2010 · External reference
Perinatal subplate neuron injury: implications for cortical development and plasticity
10.1111/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00528.x · 2005 · External reference
Cerebral injury and retinopathy as risk factors for blindness in extremely preterm infants
10.1136/archdischild-2024-327707 · 2025 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 among children born preterm: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study
2021 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental impairment among extremely preterm infants in the neonatal research network
10.1542/peds.2017-3091 · 2018 · External reference
Cortical vision, MRI and developmental outcome in preterm infants
10.1136/adc.2007.116988 · 2008 · External reference
Visual function in the preterm and fullterm newborn infant
10.1111/j.1469-8749.1980.tb04351.x · 1980 · External reference
Neonatal Assessment Visual European Grid accuracy in detecting infants born preterm at risk of neurological impairment
10.1111/dmcn.70452 · 2026 · External reference
Recent advances in visual dysfunction and ocular biomarkers in neurological disorders
10.2147/eb.s516393 · 2025 · External reference
Cerebral damage may be the primary risk factor for visual impairment in preschool children born extremely premature
10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1393 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Functional ophthalmic factors associated with extreme prematurity in young adults
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45702 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ophthalmologic outcome of extremely preterm infants at 6.5 years of age: Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS)
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.0391 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Brain MRI findings and their association with visual impairment in young adolescents born very preterm
10.1007/s00234-023-03235-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Refractive state and visual acuity of children with extremely low birth weight at 3 years old in Japan
10.1007/s10384-020-00754-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual function in preterm infants: visualizing the brain to improve prognosis
10.1007/s10633-013-9397-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual–perceptual impairment in children with periventricular leukomalacia
10.1016/j.braindev.2004.02.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early neurosensory visual development of the fetus and newborn
10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early assessment of visual function in full term newborns
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.03.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ventral stream sensitivity in “healthy” preterm-born adolescents: psychophysical and neuropsychological evaluation
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.10.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early visual and neuro-development in preterm infants with and without retinopathy
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105134 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Developmental trajectories of visual orienting functions in children born very or extremely preterm
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106191 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antecedents and correlates of visual field deficits in children born extremely preterm
10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.10.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neonatal Assessment Visual European Grid (NAVEG): unveiling neurological risk
10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.06.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual attention control differences in 12-month-old preterm infants
10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.01.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enriched environment and acceleration of visual system development
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) working definition: a report from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) CVI workshop
10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.09.017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impaired visual fixation at the age of 2 years in children born before the twenty-eighth week of gestation. Antecedents and correlates in the multicenter ELGAN study
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.03.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dysmaturation of premature brain: importance, cellular mechanisms, and potential interventions
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.02.016 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Advances in the evaluation and management of cortical/cerebral visual impairment in children
10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.03.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A scoping review of adverse visual outcomes among preterm infants without, versus those with, retinopathy of prematurity
10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.11.009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of human visual function
10.1016/j.visres.2011.02.018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Retinopathy of prematurity
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60178-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Molecular basis of plasticity in the visual cortex
10.1016/s0166-2236(03)00168-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual development in preterm infants
10.1017/s0012162205000514 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Environmental enrichment prevents effects of dark-rearing in the rat visual cortex
10.1038/nn1201 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The retina as a window to the brain—from eye research to CNS disorders
10.1038/nrneurol.2012.227 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early visuospatial attention and processing and related neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in children born very preterm
10.1038/s41390-020-01206-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual acuity, amblyopia, and vision-related quality of life in preterm adults with and without ROP: results from the Gutenberg prematurity eye study
10.1038/s41433-022-02207-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cerebral visual impairment in periventricular leukomalacia
10.1055/s-2007-973551 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Defining the neurologic consequences of preterm birth
10.1056/nejmra2303347 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Executive functioning, motor difficulties, and developmental coordination disorder
10.1080/87565641.2014.997933 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual abilities at 6 months in preterm infants: impact of thyroid hormone deficiency and neonatal medical morbidity
10.1089/thy.2009.0128 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Brain growth gains and losses in extremely preterm infants at term
10.1093/cercor/bht431 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
21 long-term ophthalmologic outcome of young adults born extremely preterm
10.1093/pch/pxab061.015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Correlation of morphological parameters and visual acuity with neurological development in former preterm children aged 4–10 years
10.1111/aos.13755 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual acuity outcomes up to 12 years and risk factors for visual impairment in a national cohort of extremely preterm born children - the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS)
10.1111/aos.17525 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impaired cognitive ability at 2.5 years predicts later visual and ophthalmological problems in children born very preterm
10.1111/apa.14209 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Severity of retinopathy of prematurity was associated with a higher risk of cerebral dysfunction in young adults born extremely preterm
10.1111/apa.15461 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Different aspects of visual perception are important for 12-year social functioning depending on gestational age
10.1111/apa.16794 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effects of preterm birth on visual development
10.1111/cxo.12578 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Assessment of autism in children with visual impairment
10.1111/dmcn.12320 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm and very-low-birthweight infants born over the past decade: a meta-analytic review
10.1111/dmcn.13675 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neonatal Assessment Visual European Grid accuracy in detecting infants born preterm at risk of neurological impairment
10.1111/dmcn.70452 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual function in the preterm and fullterm newborn infant
10.1111/j.1469-8749.1980.tb04351.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recovery of visual functions after early acquired occipital damage
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02044.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cognitive visual dysfunctions in preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03272.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of smooth pursuit eye movements in very prematurely born infants: 2. The low-risk subgroup
10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02247.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perinatal subplate neuron injury: implications for cortical development and plasticity
10.1111/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00528.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The long-term outcome of extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestational age) infants with and without severe retinopathy of prematurity
10.1111/jnp.12069 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cortical vision, MRI and developmental outcome in preterm infants
10.1136/adc.2007.116988 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early and long-term outcome of infants born extremely preterm
10.1136/archdischild-2015-309581 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cerebral injury and retinopathy as risk factors for blindness in extremely preterm infants
10.1136/archdischild-2024-327707 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Correlation of central visual function and ROP risk factors in prematures with and without acute ROP at the age of 6–13 years: the Giessen long-term ROP study
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307855 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Retrospective evaluation of ophthalmological and neurological outcomes for infants born before 24 weeks gestational age in a Swedish cohort
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055567 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review
10.1177/03000605211028026 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cognitive profiles and visuoperceptual abilities in preterm and term spastic diplegic children with periventricular leukomalacia
10.1177/0883073807300529 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intraventricular hemorrhage and developmental outcomes at 24 months of age in extremely preterm infants
10.1177/0883073811424462 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews
10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual impairment: a common sequela of preterm birth
10.1542/neo.13-9-e542 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Procedures for the evaluation of the visual system by pediatricians
10.1542/peds.2015-3597 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neurodevelopmental impairment among extremely preterm infants in the neonatal research network
10.1542/peds.2017-3091 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recent advances in visual dysfunction and ocular biomarkers in neurological disorders
10.2147/eb.s516393 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
JBI critical appraisal checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses
10.29173/jchla29801 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Vision screening in children: why and how?
10.3109/09286586.2014.926557 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early screening of visual processing dysfunctions in children born very or extremely preterm
10.3389/fnhum.2021.729080 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Visual maturation at term equivalent age in very premature infants according to factors influencing its development
10.3389/fphys.2018.01649 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A window to the brain—the enduring impact of vision research
10.3390/brainsci15050453 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ophthalmological impairments at five and a half years after preterm birth: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study
10.3390/jcm11082139 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a radiological review
10.4103/1817-1745.205646 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
