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References from Genome-wide analysis of genetic modifiers of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis risk in response to tobacco smoking. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065186 · 2023 · External reference
Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages
10.1038/s41586-025-08940-0 · 2025 · External reference
The cost of inflammatory bowel disease in high-income settings
10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00003-1 · 2023 · External reference
Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a review
10.1007/s10620-014-3350-9 · 2015 · External reference
Identifying environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
10.1038/s41598-020-76361-2 · 2020 · External reference
Altered DNA methylation within DNMT3A, AHRR, LTA/TNF loci mediates the effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease
10.1038/s41467-024-44841-y · 2024 · External reference
Smoking changes adaptive immunity with persistent effects
10.1038/s41586-023-06968-8 · 2024 · External reference
Differential impact of smoking on methylome and transcriptome in Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis
10.1093/ibd/izad268 · 2024 · External reference
Gene–environment interactions in human health
10.1038/s41576-024-00731-z · 2024 · External reference
Gene-environment interaction: definitions and study designs
10.1006/pmed.1996.0117 · 1996 · External reference
Gene-environment interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of human epidemiologic studies
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf061 · 2025 · External reference
Genetic factors interact with tobacco smoke to modify risk for inflammatory bowel disease in humans and mice
2017 · External reference
Cohort profile: design and first results of the Dutch IBD biobank: a prospective, nationwide biobank of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016695 · 2017 · External reference
Genetic risk scores identify genetic aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa223 · 2020 · External reference
Robust relationship inference in genome-wide association studies
10.1093/bioinformatics/btq559 · 2010 · External reference
High-coverage whole-genome sequencing of the expanded 1000 genomes project cohort including 602 trios
10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.004 · 2022 · External reference
The single-cell eQTLGen consortium
10.7554/elife.52155 · 2020 · External reference
Sample size requirements for matched case-control studies of gene–environment interaction
10.1002/sim.973 · 2002 · External reference
Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis
10.4065/81.11.1462 · 2006 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
A 20-Year temporal change analysis in incidence, presenting phenotype and mortality, in the Dutch IBDSL Cohort—can diagnostic factors explain the increase in IBD incidence?
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx055 · 2017 · External reference
Non-hierarchical logistic models and case-only designs for assessing susceptibility in population-based case-control studies
10.1002/sim.4780130206 · 1994 · External reference
The case-only design is a powerful approach to detect interactions but should be used with caution
10.1186/s12864-025-11318-1 · 2025 · External reference
Parity, oral contraceptives, and the risk of ovarian cancer among carriers and noncarriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation
10.1056/nejm200107263450401 · 2001 · External reference
Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets
10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8 · 2015 · External reference
Performing post-genome-wide association study analysis: overview, challenges and recommendations
10.12688/f1000research.53962.1 · 2021 · External reference
Cohort profile: Lifelines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank
10.1093/ije/dyu229 · 2015 · External reference
Pathology databanking and biobanking in the Netherlands, a central role for PALGA, the nationwide histopathology and cytopathology data network and archive
10.1155/2007/971816 · 2007 · External reference
Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA
10.1038/s41467-017-01261-5 · 2017 · External reference
FABIAN-variant: predicting the effects of DNA variants on transcription factor binding
10.1093/nar/gkac393 · 2022 · External reference
Accurate imputation of human leukocyte antigens with CookHLA
10.1038/s41467-021-21541-5 · 2021 · External reference
HIBAG—HLA genotype imputation with attribute bagging
10.1038/tpj.2013.18 · 2014 · External reference
HATK: HLA analysis toolkit
10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa684 · 2021 · External reference
Imputing amino acid polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigens
10.1371/journal.pone.0064683 · 2013 · External reference
Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression
10.1038/nmeth.4197 · 2017 · External reference
clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data
2021 · External reference
Scaling computational genomics to millions of individuals with GPUs
10.1186/s13059-019-1836-7 · 2019 · External reference
Screening for interaction effects in gene expression data
10.1371/journal.pone.0173847 · 2017 · External reference
Inflammation status modulates the effect of host genetic variation on intestinal gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease
10.1038/s41467-021-21458-z · 2021 · External reference
A more accurate method for colocalisation analysis allowing for multiple causal variants
10.1371/journal.pgen.1009440 · 2021 · External reference
HSPA6 is an ulcerative colitis susceptibility factor that is induced by cigarette smoke and protects intestinal epithelial cells by stabilizing anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL
10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.020 · 2016 · External reference
Protein networks in induced sputum from smokers and COPD patients
10.2147/copd.s75978 · 2015 · External reference
A specific amino acid motif of HLA-DRB1 mediates risk and interacts with smoking history in Parkinson's disease
10.1073/pnas.1821778116 · 2019 · External reference
Complex relationships of smoking, HLA-DRB1 genes, and serologic profiles in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: update from a Swedish population-based case-control study
10.1002/art.40852 · 2019 · External reference
The shared epitope hypothesis. an approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis
10.1002/art.1780301102 · 1987 · External reference
Interleukin-10 autoantibodies and HLA-DRB1∗01:03 in inflammatory bowel disease
10.1056/nejmoa2513654 · 2026 · External reference
HLA-DRB1∗01:03 and severe ulcerative colitis
10.1001/jama.2024.20429 · 2024 · External reference
HLA-DRB1∗01:03 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a genotype-phenotype association study
10.1016/s2468-1253(26)00113-5 · 2026 · External reference
Zooming into the binding groove of HLA molecules: which positions and which substitutions change peptide binding most?
10.1007/s00251-015-0849-y · 2015 · External reference
TRIM40 is a pathogenic driver of inflammatory bowel disease subverting intestinal barrier integrity
10.1038/s41467-023-36424-0 · 2023 · External reference
Limitations of the case-only design for identifying gene-environment interactions
10.1093/aje/154.8.687 · 2001 · External reference
Update on the state of the science for analytical methods for gene-environment interactions
10.1093/aje/kwx228 · 2017 · External reference
Appraising the causal role of smoking in multiple diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies
10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104154 · 2022 · External reference