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References from β-carotene alleviates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppression of the Frizzled5-mediated Wnt5a/Ca2+pathway. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
10.1056/nejm199404143301501 · 1994 · External reference
PM2.5 promotes NSCLC carcinogenesis through translationally and transcriptionally activating DLAT-mediated glycolysis reprograming
10.1186/s13046-022-02437-8 · 2022 · External reference
β-carotene blocks the inflammasome
10.1038/s41584-020-0415-3 · 2020 · External reference
Clinicopathological relationship between PM2.5 exposure and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117846 · 2025 · External reference
Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and COVID-19 infection rates and mortality: A one-year observational study in Poland
10.1016/j.bj.2021.11.006 · 2021 · External reference
Exploring Chemically Modified Short Activating RNAs to Increase Stability against Nucleases and Enhance Gene Activation
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01648 · 2025 · External reference
PM2.5 increases susceptibility to acute exacerbation of COPD via NOX4/Nrf2 redox imbalance-mediated mitophagy
10.1016/j.redox.2022.102587 · 2023 · External reference
The effects of β-carotene on osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
10.1007/s00198-022-06593-7 · 2023 · External reference
Association of Particulate Matter Exposure With Lung Function and Mortality Among Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease
10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.4696 · 2022 · External reference
Histone deacetylases 3 deletion restrains PM2.5-induced mice lung injury by regulating NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways
10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.094 · 2017 · External reference
Wnt signaling pathway: A comprehensive review
10.1002/cbin.11797 · 2022 · External reference
Oxidative stress is the pivot for PM2.5-induced lung injury
10.1016/j.fct.2023.114362 · 2024 · External reference
Rap1A Modulates Store-Operated Calcium Entry in the Lung Endothelium: A Novel Mechanism Controlling NFAT-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and Permeability
10.1161/atvbaha.124.321458 · 2024 · External reference
Pulmonary fibrosis: from pathogenesis to clinical decision-making
10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.010 · 2023 · External reference
Protective Effect of Lonicera japonica on PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Damage in BALB/c Mice via the TGF-β and NF-κB Pathway
10.3390/antiox12040968 · 2023 · External reference
PM2.5 regulates TGF-β1/Smads-mediated pulmonary fibrosis via ROS/SnoN in vitro and in vivo
10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114477 · 2025 · External reference
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex: An emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases
10.3892/ijmm.2024.5481 · 2025 · External reference
NCX1 reverse mode promotes calcium-dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation and lung damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1038/s41467-026-69636-1 · 2026 · External reference
MicroRNA-3061 downregulates the expression of PAX7/Wnt/Ca2+ signalling axis genes to induce premature ovarian failure in mice
10.1111/cpr.13686 · 2024 · External reference
Mannan-Binding Lectin Reduces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inactivating the Store-Operated Calcium Entry Machinery
10.1159/000524693 · 2023 · External reference
Uterine WNTS modulates fibronectin binding activity required for blastocyst attachment through the WNT/CA2+ signaling pathway in mice
10.1186/s12958-023-01135-0 · 2023 · External reference
β-carotene Rescues Busulfan Disrupted Spermatogenesis Through Elevation in Testicular Antioxidant Capability
2021 · External reference
Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling regulates silica-induced ferroptosis in mouse macrophages by altering ER stress-mediated redox balance
10.1016/j.tox.2023.153514 · 2023 · External reference
Negative modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex protects neurons against ferroptosis
10.1038/s41419-023-06290-1 · 2023 · External reference
β-carotene alleviates LPS-induced inflammation through regulating STIM1/ORAI1 expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells
10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109377 · 2022 · External reference
β-carotene targets IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1-MCU axis to renovate LPS-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage by regulating STIM1
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.021 · 2023 · External reference
Calcium’s Role in Orchestrating Cancer Apoptosis: Mitochondrial-Centric Perspective
10.3390/ijms24108982 · 2023 · External reference
FZD5 controls intestinal crypt homeostasis and colonic Wnt surrogate agonist response
10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.022 · 2025 · External reference
Promoter-targeted small RNA duplexes increase MBNL1 transcription and mitigate myotonic dystrophy-associated spliceopathy
10.1093/nar/gkaf756 · 2025 · External reference
Targeted alveolar regeneration with Frizzled-specific agonists
10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.022 · 2023 · External reference
Calcium signaling induces partial EMT and renal fibrosis in a Wnt4mCherry knock-in mouse model
10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167180 · 2024 · External reference
Site-specific Atg13 methylation-mediated autophagy regulates epithelial inflammation in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131791 · 2023 · External reference
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer and for Intervention Effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial
10.1093/jnci/88.21.1550 · 1996 · External reference
Wnt-5a/Ca2+ pathway modulates endogenous current and oocyte structure of Xenopus laevis
10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150507 · 2024 · External reference
Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited
10.1096/fj.07-9574lsf · 2008 · External reference
ACSL4 Drives C5a/C5aR1–Calcium-Induced Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition in a Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis
10.3390/biom15081106 · 2025 · External reference
Vertebrate Wnt5a - At the crossroads of cellular signalling
10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.002 · 2022 · External reference
Non-canonical Wnt signaling in the eye
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101149 · 2023 · External reference
Salidroside prevents PM2.5-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis via SIRT1-dependent regulation of ROS and mitochondrial function
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113170 · 2022 · External reference
Organ specificity of beta-carotene induced lung gene-expression changes in Bcmo1-/- mice
10.1002/mnfr.201200277 · 2013 · External reference
Curcumin-activated Wnt5a pathway mediates Ca2+ channel opening to affect myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration
10.1002/jcsm.13535 · 2024 · External reference
β-Carotene extracted from Blakeslea trispora attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory, hepatic injury and immune damage induced by copper sulfate in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
2022 · External reference
FZD5 is a Gαq-coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs
10.1126/scisignal.aar5536 · 2018 · External reference
Inhibition of IP3R/Ca2+ Dysregulation Protects Mice From Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Pathways
10.3389/fimmu.2021.729094 · 2021 · External reference
Diesel exhaust PM2.5 greatly deteriorates fibrosis process in pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis via ferroptosis
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107706 · 2023 · External reference
Berberine hydrochloride ameliorates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory
10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110731 · 2023 · External reference
Non-canonical Wnt/calcium signaling is protective against podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis
10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.029 · 2022 · External reference
PM2.5 induces lung inflammation and fibrosis via airway smooth muscle cell expression of the Wnt5a/JNK pathway
10.21037/jtd-23-780 · 2023 · External reference
PM2.5 Induces the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines via the Wnt5a/Ror2 Pathway in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
10.2147/copd.s270762 · 2020 · External reference
Association of Particulate Matter Exposure With Lung Function and Mortality Among Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease
10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.4696 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wnt signaling pathway: A comprehensive review
10.1002/cbin.11797 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Curcumin-activated Wnt5a pathway mediates Ca2+ channel opening to affect myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration
10.1002/jcsm.13535 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Organ specificity of beta-carotene induced lung gene-expression changes in Bcmo1-/- mice
10.1002/mnfr.201200277 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effects of β-carotene on osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
10.1007/s00198-022-06593-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Calcium signaling induces partial EMT and renal fibrosis in a Wnt4mCherry knock-in mouse model
10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167180 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wnt-5a/Ca2+ pathway modulates endogenous current and oocyte structure of Xenopus laevis
10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150507 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Histone deacetylases 3 deletion restrains PM2.5-induced mice lung injury by regulating NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways
10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.094 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and COVID-19 infection rates and mortality: A one-year observational study in Poland
10.1016/j.bj.2021.11.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Berberine hydrochloride ameliorates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory
10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110731 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Targeted alveolar regeneration with Frizzled-specific agonists
10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
FZD5 controls intestinal crypt homeostasis and colonic Wnt surrogate agonist response
10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Salidroside prevents PM2.5-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis via SIRT1-dependent regulation of ROS and mitochondrial function
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113170 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinicopathological relationship between PM2.5 exposure and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117846 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Diesel exhaust PM2.5 greatly deteriorates fibrosis process in pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis via ferroptosis
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107706 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Oxidative stress is the pivot for PM2.5-induced lung injury
10.1016/j.fct.2023.114362 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
β-carotene targets IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1-MCU axis to renovate LPS-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage by regulating STIM1
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
β-carotene alleviates LPS-induced inflammation through regulating STIM1/ORAI1 expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells
10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109377 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
PM2.5 regulates TGF-β1/Smads-mediated pulmonary fibrosis via ROS/SnoN in vitro and in vivo
10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114477 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Site-specific Atg13 methylation-mediated autophagy regulates epithelial inflammation in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131791 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Non-canonical Wnt/calcium signaling is protective against podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis
10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.029 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pulmonary fibrosis: from pathogenesis to clinical decision-making
10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Non-canonical Wnt signaling in the eye
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101149 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
PM2.5 increases susceptibility to acute exacerbation of COPD via NOX4/Nrf2 redox imbalance-mediated mitophagy
10.1016/j.redox.2022.102587 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Vertebrate Wnt5a - At the crossroads of cellular signalling
10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wnt5a/Ca2+ signaling regulates silica-induced ferroptosis in mouse macrophages by altering ER stress-mediated redox balance
10.1016/j.tox.2023.153514 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exploring Chemically Modified Short Activating RNAs to Increase Stability against Nucleases and Enhance Gene Activation
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01648 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Negative modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex protects neurons against ferroptosis
10.1038/s41419-023-06290-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
NCX1 reverse mode promotes calcium-dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation and lung damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1038/s41467-026-69636-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
β-carotene blocks the inflammasome
10.1038/s41584-020-0415-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
10.1056/nejm199404143301501 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer and for Intervention Effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial
10.1093/jnci/88.21.1550 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Promoter-targeted small RNA duplexes increase MBNL1 transcription and mitigate myotonic dystrophy-associated spliceopathy
10.1093/nar/gkaf756 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited
10.1096/fj.07-9574lsf · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
MicroRNA-3061 downregulates the expression of PAX7/Wnt/Ca2+ signalling axis genes to induce premature ovarian failure in mice
10.1111/cpr.13686 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
FZD5 is a Gαq-coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs
10.1126/scisignal.aar5536 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mannan-Binding Lectin Reduces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inactivating the Store-Operated Calcium Entry Machinery
10.1159/000524693 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rap1A Modulates Store-Operated Calcium Entry in the Lung Endothelium: A Novel Mechanism Controlling NFAT-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and Permeability
10.1161/atvbaha.124.321458 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Uterine WNTS modulates fibronectin binding activity required for blastocyst attachment through the WNT/CA2+ signaling pathway in mice
10.1186/s12958-023-01135-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
PM2.5 promotes NSCLC carcinogenesis through translationally and transcriptionally activating DLAT-mediated glycolysis reprograming
10.1186/s13046-022-02437-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
PM2.5 induces lung inflammation and fibrosis via airway smooth muscle cell expression of the Wnt5a/JNK pathway
10.21037/jtd-23-780 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
PM2.5 Induces the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines via the Wnt5a/Ror2 Pathway in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
10.2147/copd.s270762 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Inhibition of IP3R/Ca2+ Dysregulation Protects Mice From Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Pathways
10.3389/fimmu.2021.729094 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Protective Effect of Lonicera japonica on PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Damage in BALB/c Mice via the TGF-β and NF-κB Pathway
10.3390/antiox12040968 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
ACSL4 Drives C5a/C5aR1–Calcium-Induced Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition in a Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis
10.3390/biom15081106 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Calcium’s Role in Orchestrating Cancer Apoptosis: Mitochondrial-Centric Perspective
10.3390/ijms24108982 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex: An emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases
10.3892/ijmm.2024.5481 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
