Research graph
References from CO2 heat pump system for parallel cabin and battery cooling in electric vehicles: Performance evaluation and dual-optimal pressure matching. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Deciphering the impact of electric vehicles on carbon emissions: some insights from an extended STIRPAT framework
10.1016/j.energy.2025.134473 · 2025 · External reference
A review on thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.energy.2021.121652 · 2022 · External reference
Towards integrated thermal management systems in battery electric vehicles: a review
2025 · External reference
A review of thermal management technologies for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.est.2025.119658 · 2026 · External reference
Investigation on the performance and vapor injection characteristics of a scroll compressor for electric vehicles based on computational fluid dynamics approach
10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119419 · 2025 · External reference
Large-scale energy storage for carbon neutrality: thermal energy storage for electrical vehicles
10.1007/s43979-024-00105-8 · 2024 · External reference
An updated review of recent advances on modified technologies in transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle
10.1016/j.energy.2019.116147 · 2019 · External reference
Optimal discharge pressure in transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater with internal heat exchanger based on pinch point analysis
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.06.003 · 2020 · External reference
Energetic analysis and performance improvement algorithm of transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater system
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121823 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of operating parameters on the performance of a CO2 air conditioning system for vehicles
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.12.017 · 2009 · External reference
Performance analysis and thermal comfort evaluation of a CO2 transcritical air-conditioning system for cabin thermal management of electric vehicles
10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144023 · 2024 · External reference
Improving the long-term performance of electric vehicles CO2 heat pump through correcting discharge pressure
10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140589 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of refrigerant charge amount on the optimal discharge pressure of a transcritical CO2 heat pump for electric vehicles
2025 · External reference
Techno-economic analysis of cooling technologies used in electric vehicle battery thermal management: a review
10.1016/j.est.2024.114135 · 2024 · External reference
A comprehensive review of battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: enhancing performance, sustainability, and future trends
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.093 · 2025 · External reference
Thermal management strategies for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: fundamentals, recent advances, thermal models, and cooling techniques
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125918 · 2024 · External reference
A critical review on the efficient cooling strategy of batteries of electric vehicles: advances, challenges, future perspectives
10.1016/j.rser.2024.114732 · 2024 · External reference
Thermal performance of direct two-phase refrigerant cooling for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115213 · 2020 · External reference
Thermal management of battery packs using direct refrigerant cooling
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129255 · 2026 · External reference
Numerical investigation and structural optimization of a battery thermal management system based on refrigerant evaporation
10.1016/j.est.2024.114438 · 2024 · External reference
Comparative study on the thermal performance of the battery two-phase direct CO2 cooling system with parallel and half-series configuration for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.renene.2025.122461 · 2025 · External reference
A novel CO2 thermal management system with battery two-phase (evaporative) cooling for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100735 · 2022 · External reference
Performance evaluation of steady-state and dynamic response for innovative configurations of EV cabin and battery coupled thermal management based on transcritical CO2 cycle
2025 · External reference
Cooling performance and optimization of a thermal management system based on CO2 heat pump for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118299 · 2024 · External reference
Experimental and numerical investigation of a CO2 heat pump system for electrical vehicle with series gas cooler configuration
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.11.001 · 2019 · External reference
Frictional pressure drop of two-phase flow in a horizontal tube under low void fraction
10.1088/1742-6596/2707/1/012142 · 2024 · External reference
FRICTION-FACTOR equation spans all fluid-flow regimes
1977 · External reference
Turbulent heat transfer in annular spaces—A new comprehensive correlation
2014 · External reference
Correlation for boiling heat transfer to saturated fluids in convective flow
10.1021/i260019a023 · 1966 · External reference
Finite element thermal model and simulation for a cylindrical Li-Ion battery
10.1109/access.2017.2723436 · 2017 · External reference
Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.105 · 2010 · External reference
Battery thermal management of intelligent-connected electric vehicles at low temperature based on NMPC
10.1016/j.energy.2021.122571 · 2022 · External reference
System simulation on refrigerant-based battery thermal management technology for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112176 · 2020 · External reference
Performance analysis of a two-phase direct cooling system for electric vehicle batteries using CO2 heat pump
10.1016/j.energy.2026.141710 · 2026 · External reference
An improved intelligent model predictive controller for cooling system of electric vehicle
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116084 · 2021 · External reference
Range enhancement of electric vehicles with R744 thermal system under cold conditions
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129033 · 2026 · External reference
Evaluation of energy-saving potential and cabin thermal comfort for automobile CO2 heat pump
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120339 · 2023 · External reference
Performance enhancement and control strategy of a CO2 integrated direct cooling thermal management system using a coaxial scroll expander-compressor unit for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121388 · 2026 · External reference
Thermal characteristics of large-surface heat dissipation for blade batteries and its application criterion
10.1016/j.est.2025.118376 · 2025 · External reference
Optimization of a transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle for simultaneous cooling and heating applications
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.03.006 · 2004 · External reference
A correlation of optimal heat rejection pressures in transcritical carbon dioxide cycles
10.1016/s1359-4311(99)00070-8 · 2000 · External reference
Determination of the optimum high pressure for transcritical CO2-refrigeration cycles
10.1016/s1290-0729(99)80098-2 · 1999 · External reference
Large-scale energy storage for carbon neutrality: thermal energy storage for electrical vehicles
10.1007/s43979-024-00105-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of operating parameters on the performance of a CO2 air conditioning system for vehicles
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.12.017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal performance of direct two-phase refrigerant cooling for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115213 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An improved intelligent model predictive controller for cooling system of electric vehicle
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116084 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evaluation of energy-saving potential and cabin thermal comfort for automobile CO2 heat pump
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120339 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Energetic analysis and performance improvement algorithm of transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater system
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121823 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Range enhancement of electric vehicles with R744 thermal system under cold conditions
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129033 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal management of battery packs using direct refrigerant cooling
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129255 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
System simulation on refrigerant-based battery thermal management technology for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112176 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cooling performance and optimization of a thermal management system based on CO2 heat pump for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118299 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Investigation on the performance and vapor injection characteristics of a scroll compressor for electric vehicles based on computational fluid dynamics approach
10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119419 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Performance enhancement and control strategy of a CO2 integrated direct cooling thermal management system using a coaxial scroll expander-compressor unit for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121388 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An updated review of recent advances on modified technologies in transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle
10.1016/j.energy.2019.116147 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review on thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.energy.2021.121652 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Battery thermal management of intelligent-connected electric vehicles at low temperature based on NMPC
10.1016/j.energy.2021.122571 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deciphering the impact of electric vehicles on carbon emissions: some insights from an extended STIRPAT framework
10.1016/j.energy.2025.134473 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Performance analysis of a two-phase direct cooling system for electric vehicle batteries using CO2 heat pump
10.1016/j.energy.2026.141710 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Techno-economic analysis of cooling technologies used in electric vehicle battery thermal management: a review
10.1016/j.est.2024.114135 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Numerical investigation and structural optimization of a battery thermal management system based on refrigerant evaporation
10.1016/j.est.2024.114438 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal characteristics of large-surface heat dissipation for blade batteries and its application criterion
10.1016/j.est.2025.118376 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review of thermal management technologies for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.est.2025.119658 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal management strategies for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: fundamentals, recent advances, thermal models, and cooling techniques
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125918 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A comprehensive review of battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: enhancing performance, sustainability, and future trends
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.093 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Optimization of a transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle for simultaneous cooling and heating applications
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.03.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Experimental and numerical investigation of a CO2 heat pump system for electrical vehicle with series gas cooler configuration
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.11.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Optimal discharge pressure in transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater with internal heat exchanger based on pinch point analysis
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.06.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Improving the long-term performance of electric vehicles CO2 heat pump through correcting discharge pressure
10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140589 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Performance analysis and thermal comfort evaluation of a CO2 transcritical air-conditioning system for cabin thermal management of electric vehicles
10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144023 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.105 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparative study on the thermal performance of the battery two-phase direct CO2 cooling system with parallel and half-series configuration for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.renene.2025.122461 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A novel CO2 thermal management system with battery two-phase (evaporative) cooling for electric vehicles
10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100735 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A critical review on the efficient cooling strategy of batteries of electric vehicles: advances, challenges, future perspectives
10.1016/j.rser.2024.114732 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Determination of the optimum high pressure for transcritical CO2-refrigeration cycles
10.1016/s1290-0729(99)80098-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A correlation of optimal heat rejection pressures in transcritical carbon dioxide cycles
10.1016/s1359-4311(99)00070-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Correlation for boiling heat transfer to saturated fluids in convective flow
10.1021/i260019a023 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Frictional pressure drop of two-phase flow in a horizontal tube under low void fraction
10.1088/1742-6596/2707/1/012142 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Finite element thermal model and simulation for a cylindrical Li-Ion battery
10.1109/access.2017.2723436 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
