Research graph
References from Thallium isotope evidence for an anoxic global deep ocean ∼1.83 billion years ago. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Discovery of distal ejecta from the Sudbury impact event
10.1130/g21048.1 · 2005 · External reference
Rapid and pronounced oceanic deoxygenation fluctuations during the Late Jurassic recorded by thallium isotopes
10.1038/s43247-026-03640-7 · 2026 · External reference
Pb, O, and C isotopes in silicified Mooidraai dolomite (Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa): implications for the composition of paleoproterozoic seawater and “dating” the increase of oxygen in the precambrian atmosphere
10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00261-7 · 1999 · External reference
Iron formation: the sedimentary product of a complex interplay among mantle, tectonic, oceanic, and biospheric processes
10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467 · 2010 · External reference
Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life’s early evolution and eukaryotic origin
10.1038/s41559-018-0644-x · 2018 · External reference
Linking the progressive expansion of reducing conditions to a stepwise mass extinction event in the late silurian oceans
10.1130/g46571.1 · 2019 · External reference
Sedimentary geochemistry of manganese: implications for the environment of formation of manganiferous black shales
10.2113/gsecongeo.91.1.36 · 1996 · External reference
A new model for proterozoic ocean chemistry
10.1038/24839 · 1998 · External reference
Animal evolution, bioturbation, and the sulfate concentration of the oceans
10.1073/pnas.0902037106 · 2009 · External reference
Transient marine bottom water oxygenation on continental shelves by 2.65 billion years ago
10.1038/s41561-025-01681-9 · 2025 · External reference
Thallium isotopes suggest the global deep ocean did not approach modern oxygenation during cambrian age 3 metazoan radiation
10.1111/gbi.70028 · 2025 · External reference
Atmospheric and hydrospheric evolution on the primitive Earth
10.1126/science.160.3829.729 · 1968 · External reference
Constraining oceanic oxygenation during the Shuram excursion in South China using thallium isotopes
10.1111/gbi.12379 · 2020 · External reference
Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis
10.1016/0016-7037(79)90095-4 · 1979 · External reference
Perspectives on proterozoic surface ocean redox fromm iodine contents in ancient and recent carbonate
10.1016/j.epsl.2017.01.032 · 2017 · External reference
Coupled vanadium and thallium isotope constraints on mesoproterozoic ocean oxygenation around 1.38-1.39
2023 · External reference
10.1515/9780691220239
10.1515/9780691220239 · External reference
Manganese mineralogy and diagenesis in the sedimentary record
10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.027 · 2016 · External reference
Molybdenum isotope constraints on the extent of late paleoproterozoic ocean euxinia
10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.019 · 2011 · External reference
Oxygenation of the proterozoic Earth’s surface: an evolving story
2024 · External reference
Progressive marine oxygenation and climatic cooling at the height of the great ordovician biodiversification event
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104183 · 2023 · External reference
Protracted oxygenation across the cambrian-ordovician transition: a key initiator of the Great ordovician Biodiversification Event?
10.1111/gbi.12545 · 2023 · External reference
Rapid marine oxygen variability: driver of the Late ordovician mass extinction
10.1126/sciadv.abn8345 · 2022 · External reference
Controls on uranium isotope fractionation in the late paleoproterozoic ocean
10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119498 · 2025 · External reference
A small marine biosphere in the Proterozoic
10.1111/gbi.12323 · 2019 · External reference
New constraints on mid-proterozoic ocean redox from stable thallium isotope systematics of black shales
10.1016/j.gca.2021.09.006 · 2021 · External reference
Thallium adsorption on three iron (hydr)oxides and Tl isotopic fractionation induced by adsorption on ferrihydrite
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161863 · 2023 · External reference
A persistently low level of atmospheric oxygen in Earth’s middle age
10.1038/s41467-020-20484-7 · 2021 · External reference
Terminal proterozoic reorganization of biogeochemical cycles
10.1038/376053a0 · 1995 · External reference
Reconciling archean organic-rich mudrocks with low primary productivity before the great oxygenation event
10.1073/pnas.2417673121 · 2025 · External reference
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the lower proterozoic Virginia Formation
1983 · External reference
Stratigraphic framework of middle proterozoic rocks in minnesota
1973 · External reference
Refining the signature of thallium isotopes in low oxygen marine environments
10.1016/j.gca.2025.08.020 · 2025 · External reference
Transient ocean oxygenation at end-permian mass extinction onset shown by thallium isotopes
10.1038/s41561-021-00802-4 · 2021 · External reference
The precise and accurate determination of thallium isotope compositions and concentrations for water samples by MC-ICPMS
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.11.006 · 2004 · External reference
Thallium isotope composition of the upper continental crust and rivers – an investigation of the continental sources of dissolved marine thallium
10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.025 · 2005 · External reference
Investigation and application of thallium isotope fractionation
10.2138/rmg.2017.82.18 · 2017 · External reference
Hydrothermal fluid fluxes calculated from the isotopic mass balance of thallium in the ocean crust
10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.002 · 2006 · External reference
Towards an understanding of thallium isotope fractionation during adsorption to manganese oxides
10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.004 · 2013 · External reference
Widespread seafloor anoxia during generation of the Ediacaran shuram carbon isotope excursion
10.1111/gbi.12557 · 2023 · External reference
Dynamic deep marine oxygenation during the early and Middle Paleozoic
10.1126/sciadv.adw5878 · 2025 · External reference
Rethinking seawater Mo isotope mass-balance and the sedimentary Mo record
10.1029/2025pa005313 · 2026 · External reference
Onset of coupled atmosphere-ocean oxygenation 2.3 billion years ago
10.1038/s41586-024-07551-5 · 2024 · External reference
Thallium isotope cycling in a ferruginous precambrian ocean analogue
10.1016/j.gca.2024.12.008 · 2025 · External reference
Thallium isotope cycling between waters, particles, and sediments across a redox gradient
10.1016/j.gca.2023.03.028 · 2023 · External reference
Fully oxygenated water columns over continental shelves before the great oxidation event
10.1038/s41561-019-0309-7 · 2019 · External reference
Constraining the rate of oceanic deoxygenation leading up to a cretaceous oceanic anoxic event (OAE-2: ∼94Ma)
10.1126/sciadv.1701020 · 2017 · External reference
Thallium isotope ratios in shales from South China and northwestern Canada suggest widespread O2 accumulation in marine bottom waters was a very uncommon occurrence during the ediacaran period
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119856 · 2020 · External reference
Anthropogenic forcing of the Baltic Sea thallium cycle
10.1021/acs.est.4c01487 · 2024 · External reference
Thallium-isotopic compositions of euxinic sediments as a proxy for global manganese-oxide burial
10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.041 · 2017 · External reference
Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks
10.1073/pnas.1110633108 · 2011 · External reference
Oxidative scavenging of thallium by birnessite: explanation for thallium enrichment and stable isotope fractionation in marine ferromanganese precipitates
10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.036 · 2012 · External reference
The role of manganese oxide mineralogy in thallium isotopic fractionation upon sorption
10.1016/j.gca.2023.07.011 · 2023 · External reference
Widespread iron-rich conditions in the mid-proterozoic ocean
10.1038/nature10327 · 2011 · External reference
Evidence for episodic oxygenation in a weakly redox-buffered deep mid-proterozoic ocean
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.028 · 2018 · External reference
10.1017/9781108847148
10.1017/9781108847148 · External reference
Ferruginous conditions: a dominant feature of the ocean through Earth’s history
10.2113/gselements.7.2.107 · 2011 · External reference
The transition to a sulphidic ocean 1.84 billion years ago
10.1038/nature02912 · 2004 · External reference
Spatial variability in oceanic redox structure 1.8 billion years ago
10.1038/ngeo889 · 2010 · External reference
Depositional controls on paleoproterozoic iron formation accumulation, Gogebic Range, Lake Superior Region, USA
10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00651.x · 2004 · External reference
Sedimentary thallium isotopes as a proxy for reconstructing global oceanic oxygenation during millennial-scale events
10.1016/j.gca.2025.12.049 · 2026 · External reference
Deposition of 1.88-billion-year-old iron formations as a consequence of rapid crustal growth
10.1038/nature11021 · 2012 · External reference
Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits
10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00462-4 · 2002 · External reference
The mass balance of dissolved thallium in the oceans
10.1016/j.marchem.2003.09.006 · 2004 · External reference
The history of ocean oxygenation
10.1146/annurev-marine-031721-104005 · 2022 · External reference
Role of nuclear volume in driving equilibrium stable isotope fractionation of mercury, thallium, and other very heavy elements
10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.004 · 2007 · External reference
Early diagenesis in differing depositional environments: the response of transition metals in pore water
10.1016/0016-7037(90)90149-f · 1990 · External reference
A record of deep-ocean dissolved O2 from the oxidation state of iron in submarine basalts
10.1038/nature25009 · 2018 · External reference
Thallium isotopes reveal protracted anoxia during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) associated with volcanism, carbon burial, and mass extinction
10.1073/pnas.1803478115 · 2018 · External reference
Reconstruction of marine redox landscape during the cryogenian interglacial oceans using thallium isotopes
10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119419 · 2025 · External reference
Orbitally paced global oceanic deoxygenation decoupled from volcanic CO2 emission during the middle cretaceous oceanic anoxic event 1b (Aptian-Albian transition)
10.1130/g50553.1 · 2022 · External reference
Global oceanic oxygenation controlled by the Southern Ocean through the last deglaciation
10.4028/b-wjqrp6 · 2024 · External reference
Beyond anoxia: exploring sedimentary thallium isotopes in paleo-redox reconstructions from a new core top collection
10.1016/j.gca.2022.07.022 · 2022 · External reference
10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119937
10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119937 · External reference
Thallium oxidative fractionation on birnessite-like phases: insights from mineralogical and isotope analyses of adsorption time series experiments
10.1016/j.gca.2026.04.005 · 2026 · External reference
Thallium isotopic evidence for the Tonian rise and cryogenian fall of neoproterozoic oxygen levels
10.1130/g53625.1 · 2026 · External reference
Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis
10.1016/0016-7037(79)90095-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early diagenesis in differing depositional environments: the response of transition metals in pore water
10.1016/0016-7037(90)90149-f · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The precise and accurate determination of thallium isotope compositions and concentrations for water samples by MC-ICPMS
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.11.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evidence for episodic oxygenation in a weakly redox-buffered deep mid-proterozoic ocean
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.028 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotope ratios in shales from South China and northwestern Canada suggest widespread O2 accumulation in marine bottom waters was a very uncommon occurrence during the ediacaran period
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119856 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hydrothermal fluid fluxes calculated from the isotopic mass balance of thallium in the ocean crust
10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Molybdenum isotope constraints on the extent of late paleoproterozoic ocean euxinia
10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.019 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perspectives on proterozoic surface ocean redox fromm iodine contents in ancient and recent carbonate
10.1016/j.epsl.2017.01.032 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reconstruction of marine redox landscape during the cryogenian interglacial oceans using thallium isotopes
10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119419 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Controls on uranium isotope fractionation in the late paleoproterozoic ocean
10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119498 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119937
10.1016/j.epsl.2026.119937 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotope composition of the upper continental crust and rivers – an investigation of the continental sources of dissolved marine thallium
10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Role of nuclear volume in driving equilibrium stable isotope fractionation of mercury, thallium, and other very heavy elements
10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Oxidative scavenging of thallium by birnessite: explanation for thallium enrichment and stable isotope fractionation in marine ferromanganese precipitates
10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.036 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Towards an understanding of thallium isotope fractionation during adsorption to manganese oxides
10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Manganese mineralogy and diagenesis in the sedimentary record
10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium-isotopic compositions of euxinic sediments as a proxy for global manganese-oxide burial
10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.041 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
New constraints on mid-proterozoic ocean redox from stable thallium isotope systematics of black shales
10.1016/j.gca.2021.09.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Beyond anoxia: exploring sedimentary thallium isotopes in paleo-redox reconstructions from a new core top collection
10.1016/j.gca.2022.07.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotope cycling between waters, particles, and sediments across a redox gradient
10.1016/j.gca.2023.03.028 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of manganese oxide mineralogy in thallium isotopic fractionation upon sorption
10.1016/j.gca.2023.07.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotope cycling in a ferruginous precambrian ocean analogue
10.1016/j.gca.2024.12.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Refining the signature of thallium isotopes in low oxygen marine environments
10.1016/j.gca.2025.08.020 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Sedimentary thallium isotopes as a proxy for reconstructing global oceanic oxygenation during millennial-scale events
10.1016/j.gca.2025.12.049 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium oxidative fractionation on birnessite-like phases: insights from mineralogical and isotope analyses of adsorption time series experiments
10.1016/j.gca.2026.04.005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Progressive marine oxygenation and climatic cooling at the height of the great ordovician biodiversification event
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104183 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The mass balance of dissolved thallium in the oceans
10.1016/j.marchem.2003.09.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium adsorption on three iron (hydr)oxides and Tl isotopic fractionation induced by adsorption on ferrihydrite
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161863 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits
10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00462-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pb, O, and C isotopes in silicified Mooidraai dolomite (Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa): implications for the composition of paleoproterozoic seawater and “dating” the increase of oxygen in the precambrian atmosphere
10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00261-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/9781108847148
10.1017/9781108847148 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Anthropogenic forcing of the Baltic Sea thallium cycle
10.1021/acs.est.4c01487 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rethinking seawater Mo isotope mass-balance and the sedimentary Mo record
10.1029/2025pa005313 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A new model for proterozoic ocean chemistry
10.1038/24839 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Terminal proterozoic reorganization of biogeochemical cycles
10.1038/376053a0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The transition to a sulphidic ocean 1.84 billion years ago
10.1038/nature02912 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Widespread iron-rich conditions in the mid-proterozoic ocean
10.1038/nature10327 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deposition of 1.88-billion-year-old iron formations as a consequence of rapid crustal growth
10.1038/nature11021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A record of deep-ocean dissolved O2 from the oxidation state of iron in submarine basalts
10.1038/nature25009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Spatial variability in oceanic redox structure 1.8 billion years ago
10.1038/ngeo889 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A persistently low level of atmospheric oxygen in Earth’s middle age
10.1038/s41467-020-20484-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life’s early evolution and eukaryotic origin
10.1038/s41559-018-0644-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fully oxygenated water columns over continental shelves before the great oxidation event
10.1038/s41561-019-0309-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Transient ocean oxygenation at end-permian mass extinction onset shown by thallium isotopes
10.1038/s41561-021-00802-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Transient marine bottom water oxygenation on continental shelves by 2.65 billion years ago
10.1038/s41561-025-01681-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Onset of coupled atmosphere-ocean oxygenation 2.3 billion years ago
10.1038/s41586-024-07551-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rapid and pronounced oceanic deoxygenation fluctuations during the Late Jurassic recorded by thallium isotopes
10.1038/s43247-026-03640-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Animal evolution, bioturbation, and the sulfate concentration of the oceans
10.1073/pnas.0902037106 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks
10.1073/pnas.1110633108 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotopes reveal protracted anoxia during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) associated with volcanism, carbon burial, and mass extinction
10.1073/pnas.1803478115 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reconciling archean organic-rich mudrocks with low primary productivity before the great oxygenation event
10.1073/pnas.2417673121 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A small marine biosphere in the Proterozoic
10.1111/gbi.12323 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Constraining oceanic oxygenation during the Shuram excursion in South China using thallium isotopes
10.1111/gbi.12379 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Protracted oxygenation across the cambrian-ordovician transition: a key initiator of the Great ordovician Biodiversification Event?
10.1111/gbi.12545 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Widespread seafloor anoxia during generation of the Ediacaran shuram carbon isotope excursion
10.1111/gbi.12557 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotopes suggest the global deep ocean did not approach modern oxygenation during cambrian age 3 metazoan radiation
10.1111/gbi.70028 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Depositional controls on paleoproterozoic iron formation accumulation, Gogebic Range, Lake Superior Region, USA
10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00651.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Constraining the rate of oceanic deoxygenation leading up to a cretaceous oceanic anoxic event (OAE-2: ∼94Ma)
10.1126/sciadv.1701020 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rapid marine oxygen variability: driver of the Late ordovician mass extinction
10.1126/sciadv.abn8345 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dynamic deep marine oxygenation during the early and Middle Paleozoic
10.1126/sciadv.adw5878 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Atmospheric and hydrospheric evolution on the primitive Earth
10.1126/science.160.3829.729 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Discovery of distal ejecta from the Sudbury impact event
10.1130/g21048.1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Linking the progressive expansion of reducing conditions to a stepwise mass extinction event in the late silurian oceans
10.1130/g46571.1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Orbitally paced global oceanic deoxygenation decoupled from volcanic CO2 emission during the middle cretaceous oceanic anoxic event 1b (Aptian-Albian transition)
10.1130/g50553.1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thallium isotopic evidence for the Tonian rise and cryogenian fall of neoproterozoic oxygen levels
10.1130/g53625.1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The history of ocean oxygenation
10.1146/annurev-marine-031721-104005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1515/9780691220239
10.1515/9780691220239 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Iron formation: the sedimentary product of a complex interplay among mantle, tectonic, oceanic, and biospheric processes
10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Sedimentary geochemistry of manganese: implications for the environment of formation of manganiferous black shales
10.2113/gsecongeo.91.1.36 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ferruginous conditions: a dominant feature of the ocean through Earth’s history
10.2113/gselements.7.2.107 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Investigation and application of thallium isotope fractionation
10.2138/rmg.2017.82.18 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global oceanic oxygenation controlled by the Southern Ocean through the last deglaciation
10.4028/b-wjqrp6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
