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References from Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome and Health Risk Behaviors in U.S. Adults. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000001186 · 2023 · External reference
A holistic approach to managing cardio-kidney metabolic syndrome: insights and recommendations from the Italian perspective
10.3389/fcvm.2025.1583702 · 2025 · External reference
Cigarette smoking and incident heart failure: insights from the Jackson Heart study
10.1161/circulationaha.117.031912 · 2018 · External reference
Cigarette smoking and incident stroke in blacks of the Jackson Heart study
10.1161/jaha.119.014990 · 2020 · External reference
Relation between Cigarette Smoking and Heart Failure (from the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.03.015 · 2019 · External reference
Relation of cigarette smoking and heart failure in adults ≥65 years of age (from the cardiovascular health study)
10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.12.021 · 2022 · External reference
Cigarette smoking and incident chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
10.1159/000103382 · 2007 · External reference
Smoking and adverse outcomes in patients with CKD: the study of heart and renal protection (SHARP)
10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.052 · 2016 · External reference
Electronic nicotine delivery systems and cardiovascular/cardiometabolic health
10.1161/circresaha.123.321565 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome modifies smoking-related risk for cardiovascular diseases: findings from an observational cohort study in UK Biobank
10.1186/s12889-025-22865-3 · 2025 · External reference
Association of habitual alcohol intake with risk of cardiovascular disease
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3849 · 2022 · External reference
Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review of evolving perspectives and long-term implications
2024 · External reference
Alcohol consumption can be a “double-edged sword” for chronic kidney disease patients
10.12659/msm.916121 · 2019 · External reference
Association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in a community-based cohort of Korean adults
10.12659/msm.901309 · 2017 · External reference
Prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol use disorder
10.1038/s41598-022-06010-3 · 2022 · External reference
The prevalence of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: a review of published estimates and new findings from BRFSS surveys
10.3390/cardiovascmed29010005 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Who’s still smoking? Disparities in adult cigarette smoking prevalence in the United States
2018 · External reference
Drinking, smoking, and psychological distress in middle and late life
10.1080/13607863.2010.551343 · 2011 · External reference
Depression and mortality in population with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
10.1016/j.jad.2025.119773 · 2025 · External reference
Association between depressive symptoms and mortality in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: the mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers
10.1016/j.jad.2025.119429 · 2025 · External reference
The impact of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome staging on depression risk: a national study
10.1016/j.hlc.2025.06.1017 · 2025 · External reference
Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health and social connection with the risk of depression and anxiety
10.1017/s0033291724002381 · 2024 · External reference
Long-term trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in South Korea, 2011–2021: a representative longitudinal serial study
2025 · External reference
Gender differences in smoking among U.S. working adults
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.013 · 2014 · External reference
Sex and gender in relation to use of e-cigarette product characteristics in United States datasets: a systematic review
10.1093/ntr/ntaf092 · 2025 · External reference
Sex-based differences in binge and heavy drinking among U.S. adults
10.1001/jama.2025.2726 · 2025 · External reference
The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland
10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.005 · 2017 · External reference
