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References from A critical sustainability review of green carbon-based supercapacitors. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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Green synthesis of durian shell-derived activated carbon with enhanced carboxylic functionalization and graphitization via gamma irradiation in ethanol and ethylene glycol for supercapacitor applications
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Creating ultrahigh surface area functional carbon from biomass for high performance supercapacitor and facile removal of emerging pollutants
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High-performance supercapacitor electrode materials prepared from various pollens
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10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.026 · External reference
Pseudocapacitive materials for energy storage: properties, mechanisms, and applications in supercapacitors and batteries
2025 · External reference
Dimensional engineering of carbon-pseudocapacitive hybrids toward advanced supercapacitors: Recent advances and future perspectives
2025 · External reference
Energy, greenhouse gas, and water life cycle analysis of synthetic graphite anode production in the United States
10.1039/d5va00171d · 2025 · External reference
Life cycle assessment of high value activated carbon production based on mass and functional performance metrics
10.1038/s41598-025-16300-1 · 2025 · External reference
Is laser-induced graphene (LIG) environmentally sustainable? Laboratory-scale life cycle assessment of LIG from petroleum- and bio-derived precursors
10.1007/s11367-025-02524-w · 2025 · External reference
Thermochemically activated Ficus benghalensis leaf-derived porous activated carbon for sustainable supercapacitor electrodes
10.1039/d5ra09628f · 2026 · External reference
Valorizing biomass into ultrahigh-surface-area porous carbon for sustainable next-generation energy storage
10.1039/d5ra06592e · 2026 · External reference
10.22382/wfs-2018-024
10.22382/wfs-2018-024 · External reference
A comparative life cycle assessment of graphene and activated carbon in a supercapacitor application
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118468 · 2020 · External reference
Biomass-derived porous carbon materials: synthesis, designing, and applications for supercapacitors
2022 · External reference
10.1007/s10853-023-08413-7
10.1007/s10853-023-08413-7 · External reference
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Parameters, Mechanisms, Electrochemical Performance, and the Incorporation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoparticles
2024 · External reference
Comparative environmental impact assessment of activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitors
10.1039/d4gc02700k · 2024 · External reference
Techno-economic and Environmental Assessment of Activated Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitors from Oil Palm Leaves
10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c04783 · 2024 · External reference
Sustainable energy storage: Mangifera indica leaf waste-derived activated carbon for long-life, high-performance supercapacitors
10.1039/d3ra08910j · 2024 · External reference
Renewable Carbon Materials as Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors: From Marine Biowaste to High Specific Surface Area Porous Biocarbons
10.1021/acsomega.3c00816 · 2023 · External reference
N/O Co-doped hierarchical nanoporous biochar derived from waste polypropylene nonwoven for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1039/d3ra04862d · 2023 · External reference
Recent progress in post-modified biochar-based material for supercapacitor applications: a review
2025 · External reference
Preparation and electrochemical properties of modified biochar
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Banana stem biochar composite with polyaniline for energy storage applications
2023 · External reference
Biochar/poly(aniline-pyrrole) modified graphite electrode and electrochemical behavior for application in low-cost supercapacitor
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Environmental life cycle assessment of supercapacitor electrode production using algae derived biochar aerogel
10.1007/s42773-021-00122-1 · 2021 · External reference
Sustainable electrode material for high-energy supercapacitor: Biomass-derived graphene-like porous carbon with three-dimensional hierarchically ordered ion highways
10.1039/d1cp01726h · 2021 · External reference
Graphene oxide/Activated carbon nano composite with hierarchical pore structure for supercapacitor applications
10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145752 · 2025 · External reference
Activated carbons from KOH and H3PO4-activation of olive residues and its application as supercapacitor electrodes
10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.152 · 2017 · External reference
Chemical and structural optimization of ZnCl2 activated carbons via high temperature CO2 treatment for EDLC applications
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.222 · 2018 · External reference
Preparation of Supercapacitor Carbon Electrode Materials by Low-Temperature Carbonization of High-Nitrogen-Doped Raw Materials from Food Waste
10.3390/ma17163984 · 2024 · External reference
10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.011
10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.011 · External reference
10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105384
10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105384 · External reference
A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications
2020 · External reference
Microwave-assisted and conventional hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic waste material: Comparison of the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars
10.1016/j.jaap.2015.12.013 · 2016 · External reference
Green H2O2 activation of electrospun polyimide-based carbon nanofibers towards high-performance free-standing electrodes for supercapacitors
10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109465 · 2022 · External reference
Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrodes Produced by the Carbonation and Activation of Glucose with Potassium Nitrate
10.1021/acsaem.4c00732 · 2024 · External reference
Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes enhanced biomass carbon activation efficiency for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138048 · 2026 · External reference
10.1016/0008-6223(94)00100-e
10.1016/0008-6223(94)00100-e · External reference
More Sustainable Chemical Activation Strategies for the Production of Porous Carbons
2021 · External reference
Elevating Waste Biomass: Supercapacitor Electrode Materials Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05250 · 2025 · External reference
Nitrogen enriched high specific surface area biomass porous carbon: A promising electrode material for supercapacitors
10.1016/j.renene.2024.120144 · 2024 · External reference
Selective etching of C-N bonds for preparation of porous carbon with ultrahigh specific surface area and superior capacitive performance
10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.009 · 2020 · External reference
CaCl2-induced pore–heteroatom synergy via microwave activation for supercapacitor carbon
10.1016/j.cej.2026.173350 · 2026 · External reference
Microwave-engineered biomass carbon decorated with reduced graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1016/j.est.2025.119176 · 2026 · External reference
Sugar beet pulp derived oxygen-rich porous carbons for supercapacitor applications
10.1016/j.est.2022.104363 · 2022 · External reference
Impacts of temperatures and phosphoric-acid modification to the physicochemical properties of biochar for excellent sulfadiazine adsorption
10.1007/s42773-022-00143-4 · 2022 · External reference
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Sawdust-based N, O and P co-doped porous biochar for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1039/d5nj01662b · 2025 · External reference
The performance of phosphoric acid in the preparation of activated carbon-containing phosphorus species from rice husk residue
10.1007/s10853-018-03220-x · 2019 · External reference
Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from deashing coal slime with ZnCl2 activation
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128124 · 2022 · External reference
Controlling activation parameters in phytagel-derived activated carbons for enhanced supercapacitor performance
10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101055 · 2025 · External reference
Real-time monitoring the carbonization and activation process of activated carbon prepared from Chinese parasol via zinc chloride activation
10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105089 · 2021 · External reference
Synergistic activation and structural stabilization of hierarchical porous carbon via gel-directed molten-salt strategy for advanced supercapacitors
10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107389 · 2026 · External reference
Role of chemical activation in the development of carbon porosity
2004 · External reference
Sequential activation of willow wood with ZnCl2 and H3PO4 drastically impacts pore structure of activated carbon
10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119387 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of chemical activation agents on properties of durian peel-derived activated carbon for high-energy supercapacitor applications
10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109031 · 2026 · External reference
A hierarchical integrated 3D carbon electrode derived from gingko leaves via hydrothermal carbonization of H3PO4 for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1039/d2na00758d · 2023 · External reference
Biomass Derived N-Doped Porous Carbon Made from Reed Straw for an Enhanced Supercapacitor
10.3390/molecules28124633 · 2023 · External reference
A composite of pineapple leaf-derived porous carbon integrated with ZnCo-MOF for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1039/d4cp02882a · 2024 · External reference
Jujube Shell Based-Porous Carbon Composites Double-Doped by MnO2 and Ti3C2Tx: The Effect of Double Pseudocapacitive Doping on Electrochemical Properties
10.3390/ma15217532 · 2022 · External reference
Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Bimetallic Co/Mn-MOFs@Rice Husks, and its Carbonization for Supercapacitor Electrodes
2019 · External reference
Herbaceous biomass waste-derived activated carbons for supercapacitors
10.33961/jecst.2018.9.2.157 · 2018 · External reference
Turning mango kernel waste into high-energy porous carbon: a sustainable electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors with exceptional stability
10.1039/d5ra02129d · 2025 · External reference
Industrial Waste-Derived Carbon Materials as Advanced Electrodes for Supercapacitors
10.3390/nano13222924 · 2023 · External reference
Integrated hybrid architecture of metal and biochar for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
10.1038/s41598-021-84979-z · 2021 · External reference
Reduced graphene oxide aerogel with high-rate supercapacitive performance in aqueous electrolytes
10.1186/1556-276x-8-247 · 2013 · External reference
Three-dimensional skeleton networks of graphene wrapped polyaniline nanofibers: An excellent structure for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors
2016 · External reference
Mesoporous MnO2/Carbon aerogel composites as promising electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1021/la903947c · 2010 · External reference
Carbon Aerogels From Softwood Kraft Lignin for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
10.3389/fmats.2022.894061 · 2022 · External reference
Carbon Aerogels Derived from Anion-Modified Nanocellulose for Adaptive Supercapacitor Performance
10.1002/adfm.202313117 · 2024 · External reference
N, S co-doped and boron doped Artocarpus heterophyllus wood derived activated carbon for supercapacitor application
10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145491 · 2025 · External reference
Activation-self-activation strategy for one-step preparation of Platycladus orientalis leaves based N-O-S self-doping hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitor
10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120584 · 2025 · External reference
Low-cost synthesis of sulfur doped apricot shell activated carbon material with hierarchical porous structure for flexible supercapacitor
10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118428 · 2025 · External reference
Preparation of biomass-derived porous carbon aerogels via ice template-assisted chemical activation for high-performance supercapacitors
10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106934 · 2025 · External reference
Graphite pencil derived carbon through activation−carbonization synthesis strategies for solid-state symmetric supercapacitor
10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.113245 · 2025 · External reference
Triple activation for tuning internal accessibility of hollow carbon spheres toward high-performance supercapacitors and zinc-ion capacitor
10.1016/j.cej.2025.163825 · 2025 · External reference
Modification of hydrochar derived from palm waste with thiourea to produce N, S co-doped activated carbon for supercapacitor
10.1016/j.scenv.2024.100132 · 2024 · External reference
Study of the electrochemical performance of Zanthoxylum armatum seed-derived potassium hydroxide-assisted activated carbon as a negatrode material for supercapacitor applications
10.1039/d4ma00980k · 2025 · External reference
Preparation of hierarchically porous graphitic carbon materials from peanut shell via a facile catalytic activation method for supercapacitor applications
10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107110 · 2025 · External reference
Evaluating the impact of pre-carbonization on activated carbon production from animal-origin precursors for supercapacitor electrode applications
10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107574 · 2025 · External reference
Lignosulfonate-derived porous carbon via self-activation for supercapacitor electrodes
10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119330 · 2024 · External reference
Cellulose intercalation activation of natural ramie fiber derived carbon electrode for flexible supercapacitors
10.1016/j.cej.2024.157702 · 2024 · External reference
A scalable dual activation strategy to construct heteroatom-doped graphene-reinforced porous carbon with tunable pores for supercapacitors
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236757 · 2025 · External reference
10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.181012
10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.181012 · External reference
Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium-ion battery chemistries for residential storage
2020 · External reference
Conversion of Waste Biomass into Activated Carbon and Evaluation of Environmental Consequences Using Life Cycle Assessment
2022 · External reference
Life cycle assessment of electrochemical and mechanical energy storage systems
10.1016/j.egyr.2023.08.088 · 2023 · External reference
Electrode Materials with Highest Surface Area and Specific Capacitance Cannot Be the only Deciding Factor for Applicability in Energy Storage Devices: Inference of Combined Life Cycle Assessment and Electrochemical Studies
10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06413 · 2019 · External reference
Bracts derived activated carbon with ZnCo2O4 composite as electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112349 · 2025 · External reference
Thermo-chemical conversion of PET-based plastic wastes to activated carbons: role in supercapacitors in aqueous and organic electrolytes
10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115255 · 2026 · External reference
“Upcycling of PET waste into methane-rich gas and hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitor by autogenic pressure pyrolysis and activation,”
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145309 · 2021 · External reference
Life Cycle Assessment of Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells
10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03239 · 2022 · External reference
Environmental impact associated with activated carbon preparation from olive-waste cake via life cycle assessment
10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.061 · 2013 · External reference
Life cycle assessment of a novel hybrid energy storage system: Environmental hotspots and sustainability options based on experimental insights
10.1016/j.est.2025.117705 · 2025 · External reference
Environmentally valorization of olive tree pruning residue: Activated carbons for CO2 capture and energy storage in supercapacitors
10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107669 · 2025 · External reference
Generating Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data of Activated Carbon Production Using Machine Learning and Kinetic Based Process Simulation
10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06522 · 2020 · External reference
Synergistic effects of electrodeposited Co(OH)2 nanoflakes on O2 plasma treated activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitor
10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113497 · 2025 · External reference
Enzyme catalysis facilitates multi-heteroatom engineering: a green path for high-performance biomass-derived carbon-based supercapacitors
10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140418 · 2026 · External reference
Environmental life cycle assessment of supercapacitor electrode production using algae derived biochar aerogel
10.1007/s42773-021-00122-1 · 2021 · External reference
Cr(VI)-captured polyaniline-coated carbon derived from cow dung for sustainable heavy metal remediation and high-performance supercapacitor applications
10.1016/j.bej.2026.110227 · 2026 · External reference
Effective regeneration of mixed composition of spent lithium-ion batteries electrodes towards building supercapacitor
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128496 · 2022 · External reference
A study on thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles using various supercapacitors
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119200 · 2022 · External reference
Regeneration and usage of commercial activated carbon from the waste electrodes for the application of supercapacitors
10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116083 · 2022 · External reference
Fabrication of S, N and O conjugated coordination Ni-MOFs with high electrochemical performance for self-regenerative asymmetric supercapacitor
10.1016/j.jpcs.2025.113062 · 2026 · External reference
Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Two Supercapacitor Architectures
10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04007 · 2023 · External reference
Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing of Supercapacitors: A Comprehensive Review and Assessment of Environmental and Economic Impacts
2025 · External reference
Activation of biomass-derived porous carbon for supercapacitors: A review
2024 · External reference
Assessing carbon–neutral supercapacitors in renewable energy systems with self-improving agent-based molecular fuzzy intelligent algorithms
2025 · External reference
Mg-doped MnCo2O4 mesoporous nanoceramics for sustainable supercapacitor with high energy density
10.1016/j.est.2026.122067 · 2026 · External reference
Energy nexus: MXene–MOF–chalcogenide hybrids triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self-powered supercapacitor storage with machine learning insights
2026 · External reference
Artificial intelligence models for supercapacitor performance prediction in energy storage
2026 · External reference
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Big-Data Science in Porous Materials: Materials Genomics and Machine Learning
2020 · External reference
