Research graph
References from Neurotrophic effects of Botulinum neurotoxin type A in hippocampal neurons involve activation of Rac1 by the non-catalytic heavy chain (HCC/A). Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Activation of MAPK ERK in peripheral nerve after injury
10.1186/1471-2202-7-45 · 2006 · External reference
Inhibition of MAPK ERK impairs axonal regeneration without an effect on neuronal loss after nerve injury
10.1179/174313209x380883 · 2009 · External reference
Neuronal filopodium formation induced by the membrane glycoprotein M6a (Gpm6a) is facilitated by coronin-1a, Rac1, and p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1)
10.1111/jnc.13552 · 2016 · External reference
Terminal sprouting in mouse neuromuscular junctions poisoned with botulinum type A toxin: morphological and electrophysiological features
10.1016/0306-4522(90)90109-h · 1990 · External reference
Removal of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) from synapses is preceded by transient endocytosis of extrasynaptic AMPARs
10.1523/jneurosci.1042-04.2004 · 2004 · External reference
The C-terminal heavy-chain domain of botulinum neurotoxin a is not the only site that binds neurons, as the N-terminal heavy-chain domain also plays a very active role in toxin-cell binding and interactions
10.1128/iai.00063-15 · 2015 · External reference
A novel strain of Clostridium botulinum that produces type B and type H botulinum toxins
10.1093/infdis/jit449 · 2014 · External reference
Effects of enzymatically inactive recombinant botulinum neurotoxin type A at the mouse neuromuscular junctions
10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.014 · 2013 · External reference
Botulinum A toxin stimulates neurite branching in nerve-muscle cocultures
10.1016/0165-3806(94)90047-7 · 1994 · External reference
Prevention of motor nerve sprouting in botulinum toxin poisoned mouse soleus muscles by direct stimulation of the muscle [proceedings]
1977 · External reference
Studying vesicle cycling in presynaptic terminals using the genetically encoded probe synaptopHluorin
10.1038/nprot.2006.449 · 2006 · External reference
Cell density-dependent differential proliferation of neural stem cells on omnidirectional nanopore-arrayed surface
10.1038/s41598-017-13372-6 · 2017 · External reference
Neuritogenic actions of botulinum neurotoxin A on cultured motor neurons
10.1124/jpet.108.147744 · 2009 · External reference
Botulinum neurotoxin type A is internalized and translocated from small synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction
10.1007/s12035-013-8423-9 · 2013 · External reference
Sprouting of mammalian motor nerve terminals induced by in vivo injection of botulinum type-D toxin and the functional recovery of paralysed neuromuscular junctions
10.1016/0304-3940(93)90077-x · 1993 · External reference
SUMOylation of Syntaxin1A regulates presynaptic endocytosis
10.1038/srep17669 · 2015 · External reference
Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals
10.1073/pnas.96.6.3200 · 1999 · External reference
rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates
10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84716-6 · 1989 · External reference
Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins
2018 · External reference
Botulinum toxin the poison that heals: a brief review
10.4103/0975-5950.196133 · 2016 · External reference
GluN3A expression restricts spine maturation via inhibition of GIT1/Rac1 signaling
10.1073/pnas.1312211110 · 2013 · External reference
Botulinum toxin conditioning enhances motor axon regeneration in mouse and human preclinical models
10.1177/1545968318790020 · 2018 · External reference
Cooperative interactions between 480 kDa ankyrin-G and EB proteins assemble the axon initial segment
10.1523/jneurosci.3219-15.2016 · 2016 · External reference
Dynamic recruitment of the curvature-sensitive protein ArhGAP44 to nanoscale membrane deformations limits exploratory filopodia initiation in neurons
10.7554/elife.03116 · 2014 · External reference
Rational design and characterization of a Rac GTPase-specific small molecule inhibitor
10.1073/pnas.0307512101 · 2004 · External reference
RIM1alpha SUMOylation is required for fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis
10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.039 · 2013 · External reference
ADAR2 mediated Q/R editing of GluK2 regulates homeostatic plasticity of kainate receptors
2018 · External reference
Neuronal Rac1 is required for learning-evoked neurogenesis
10.1523/jneurosci.2939-12.2013 · 2013 · External reference
Dynamin inhibition blocks botulinum neurotoxin type A endocytosis in neurons and delays botulism
10.1074/jbc.m111.283879 · 2011 · External reference
Botulinum neurotoxin type-A enters a non-recycling pool of synaptic vesicles
10.1038/srep19654 · 2016 · External reference
Postsynaptic transmission block can cause terminal sprouting of a motor nerve
10.1126/science.6243417 · 1980 · External reference
The Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 suppresses CREB signaling by targeting NMDA receptor function
10.1523/jneurosci.1659-14.2014 · 2014 · External reference
Rac1 plays an essential role in axon growth and guidance and in neuronal survival in the central and peripheral nervous systems
10.1186/s13064-015-0049-3 · 2015 · External reference
shRNA-induced silencing of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells through upregulation of BAD and downregulation of cyclin D1
2018 · External reference
Identification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) as a protein receptor for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A)
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003369 · 2013 · External reference
Differential regulation of beta III and other tubulin genes during peripheral and central neuron development
10.1242/jcs.103.3.643 · 1992 · External reference
Class III beta-tubulin and gamma-tubulin are co-expressed and form complexes in human glioblastoma cells
10.1007/s11064-007-9321-1 · 2007 · External reference
Botulinum neurotoxin type A induces TLR2-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages
2015 · External reference
Translocation of botulinum neurotoxin light chain protease through the heavy chain channel
10.1038/nsb879 · 2003 · External reference
Dynein Regulator NDEL1 Controls Polarized Cargo Transport at the Axon Initial Segment
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.022 · 2016 · External reference
Role of two active site Glu residues in the molecular action of botulinum neurotoxin endopeptidase
10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.11.007 · 2007 · External reference
Managing autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: a review of emerging drugs
10.1080/14728214.2020.1729120 · 2020 · External reference
Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A and implications for toxicity
10.1038/2338 · 1998 · External reference
Facilitation of Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis by Rac1-GTPase in bovine chromaffin cells
10.1113/jphysiol.2003.039073 · 2003 · External reference
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 promotes axonal regeneration after stroke in mice
10.1007/s12975-018-0611-5 · 2018 · External reference
Differential effects of the Rac GTPase on Purkinje cell axons and dendritic trunks and spines
10.1038/379837a0 · 1996 · External reference
The Rho’s progress: a potential role during neuritogenesis for the Rho family of GTPases
10.1016/0166-2236(95)92773-j · 1995 · External reference
SUMOylation regulates kainate-receptor-mediated synaptic transmission
10.1038/nature05736 · 2007 · External reference
The Cell Death Pathway Regulates Synapse Elimination through Cleavage of Gelsolin in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.031 · 2015 · External reference
Rac1 contributes to cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in mice by regulation of Notch2
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.014 · 2015 · External reference
Treatment of severe drooling with botulinum toxin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease: efficacy and possible mechanisms
10.3109/00016357.2010.545035 · 2011 · External reference
Protein toxins and membrane transport
10.1016/s0955-0674(98)80069-0 · 1998 · External reference
On botulinum neurotoxin variability
10.1128/mbio.02131-14 · 2015 · External reference
Mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00396.x · 1994 · External reference
The intriguing nature of dorsal root ganglion neurons: Linking structure with polarity and function
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.002 · 2018 · External reference
Botulinum neurotoxin A blocks synaptic vesicle exocytosis but not endocytosis at the nerve terminal
10.1083/jcb.147.6.1249 · 1999 · External reference
Rho, rac, and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia
10.1016/0092-8674(95)90370-4 · 1995 · External reference
Early terminal and nodal sprouting of motor axons after botulinum toxin
10.1016/0022-510x(89)90135-4 · 1989 · External reference
Botulinum toxin A upregulates Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA Gene expression in a dose-dependent manner: in vivo and in vitro study
10.1097/scs.0000000000002272 · 2016 · External reference
Neurotoxic effects of the HCV core protein are mediated by sustained activation of ERK via TLR2 signaling
10.1007/s13365-011-0039-0 · 2011 · External reference
Neuronal targeting, internalization, and biological activity of a recombinant atoxic derivative of botulinum neurotoxin A
10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.093 · 2011 · External reference
Distinct neurite outgrowth signaling pathways converge on ERK activation
10.1006/mcne.1999.0753 · 1999 · External reference
Towards new uses of botulinum toxin as a novel therapeutic tool
10.3390/toxins3010063 · 2011 · External reference
Adeno-associated virus transfer of a gene encoding SNAP-25 resistant to botulinum toxin A attenuates neuromuscular paralysis associated with botulism
10.1523/jneurosci.5690-07.2008 · 2008 · External reference
Botulinum neurotoxin A impairs neurotransmission following retrograde transynaptic transport
10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01369.x · 2012 · External reference
The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90164-8 · 1992 · External reference
Effectiveness of the botulinum toxin for treating sialorrhea in patients with parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
10.3390/jcm8030317 · 2019 · External reference
Clostridial neurotoxins as tools to investigate the molecular events of neurotransmitter release
10.1006/scel.1994.1028 · 1994 · External reference
Botulinum neurotoxins are zinc proteins
10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35863-0 · 1992 · External reference
Phosphorylation of Syntaxin-1a by casein kinase 2alpha (CK2alpha) regulates presynaptic vesicle exocytosis from the reserve pool
2020 · External reference
Botulism
10.1086/444507 · 2005 · External reference
Endocytosis, trafficking and exocytosis of intact full-length botulinum neurotoxin type a in cultured rat neurons
10.1016/j.neuro.2020.02.009 · 2020 · External reference
Nerve sprouting in muscle is induced and guided by processes extended by Schwann cells
10.1016/0896-6273(95)90247-3 · 1995 · External reference
Neuronal circuitry mechanism regulating adult quiescent neural stem-cell fate decision
10.1038/nature11306 · 2012 · External reference
Taking control: hijacking of Rab GTPases by intracellular bacterial pathogens
10.1080/21541248.2017.1336192 · 2018 · External reference
Rho family GTPases: key players in neuronal development, neuronal survival, and neurodegeneration
10.3389/fncel.2014.00314 · 2014 · External reference
Neuronal apoptosis induced by selective inhibition of Rac GTPase versus global suppression of Rho family GTPases is mediated by alterations in distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades
10.1074/jbc.m114.575217 · 2015 · External reference
Bacterial pathogens commandeer Rab GTPases to establish intracellular niches
10.1111/tra.12000 · 2012 · External reference
Nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation requires generation of Rac1-regulated reactive oxygen species
10.1074/jbc.275.18.13175 · 2000 · External reference
SUMOylation of synapsin Ia maintains synaptic vesicle availability and is reduced in an autism mutation
10.1038/ncomms8728 · 2015 · External reference
Regulation of dendritic spine motility and stability by Rac1 and Rho kinase: evidence for two forms of spine motility
10.1016/j.mcn.2004.04.001 · 2004 · External reference
Trophic interrelations at the neuromuscular junction as revealed by the use of botulinal neurotoxins
1990 · External reference
Axonal outgrowth is associated with increased ERK 1/2 activation but decreased caspase 3 linked cell death in Schwann cells after immediate nerve repair in rats
10.1186/1471-2202-12-12 · 2011 · External reference
Dynamic control of excitatory synapse development by a Rac1 GEF/GAP regulatory complex
10.1016/j.devcel.2014.05.011 · 2014 · External reference
Atoxic derivative of botulinum neurotoxin A as a prototype molecular vehicle for targeted delivery to the neuronal cytoplasm
10.1371/journal.pone.0085517 · 2014 · External reference
Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of spasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results of a pilot study
10.1007/s00415-016-8223-z · 2016 · External reference
Molecular dynamics simulations of wild type and mutants of botulinum neurotoxin A complexed with synaptic vesicle protein 2C
10.1039/c4mb00383g · 2015 · External reference
Dendritic spine formation and stabilization
10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.013 · 2009 · External reference
Cell-surface marker signatures for the isolation of neural stem cells, glia and neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells
10.1371/journal.pone.0017540 · 2011 · External reference
Expression and purification of the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin A: a single mutation abolishes its cleavage of SNAP-25 and neurotoxicity after reconstitution with the heavy chain
10.1021/bi00046a025 · 1995 · External reference
The transcription factor MEF2A plays a key role in the differentiation/maturation of rat neural stem cells into neurons
10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.125 · 2018 · External reference
Evidence for a role of dendritic filopodia in synaptogenesis and spine formation
10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80283-4 · 1996 · External reference
