Research graph
References from Toward clinical-grade surgical intelligence for safer operative care: The role of generalist surgical foundation models. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development
10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60160-x · 2015 · External reference
Surgical data science: from concepts toward clinical translation
10.1016/j.media.2021.102306 · 2022 · External reference
Artificial intelligence in surgery
10.1038/s41591-024-02970-3 · 2024 · External reference
Artificial intelligence for surgical scene understanding: a systematic review and reporting quality meta-analysis
10.1038/s41746-025-02227-4 · 2026 · External reference
Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence
10.1038/s41586-023-05881-4 · 2023 · External reference
Towards generalist biomedical AI
10.1056/aioa2300138 · 2024 · External reference
A vision transformer for decoding surgeon activity from surgical videos
10.1038/s41551-023-01010-8 · 2023 · External reference
EndoNet: a deep architecture for recognition tasks on laparoscopic videos
10.1109/tmi.2016.2593957 · 2017 · External reference
Rendezvous: attention mechanisms for the recognition of surgical action triplets in endoscopic videos
10.1016/j.media.2022.102433 · 2022 · External reference
Heidelberg colorectal data set for surgical data science in the sensor operating room
10.1038/s41597-021-00882-2 · 2021 · External reference
Comparative validation of machine learning algorithms for surgical workflow and skill analysis with the HeiChole benchmark
10.1016/j.media.2023.102770 · 2023 · External reference
Pixel-wise recognition for holistic surgical scene understanding
10.1016/j.media.2025.103726 · 2025 · External reference
Hierarchical context transformer for multilevel semantic scene understanding
10.1109/tcsvt.2024.3502755 · 2025 · External reference
Artificial intelligence for surgical safety: automatic assessment of the critical view of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using deep learning
10.1097/sla.0000000000004351 · 2022 · External reference
Segment anything in medical images
10.1038/s41467-024-44824-z · 2024 · External reference
Segment anything
2023 · External reference
LoViT: long video transformer for surgical phase recognition
10.1016/j.media.2024.103366 · 2025 · External reference
Improving foundation model for endoscopy video analysis via representation learning on long sequences
10.1109/jbhi.2025.3532311 · 2025 · External reference
EndoViT: pretraining vision transformers on a large collection of endoscopic images
10.1007/s11548-024-03091-5 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Large-scale self-supervised video foundation model for intelligent surgery
10.1038/s41746-026-02403-0 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Scaling up self-supervised learning for improved surgical foundation models
10.1016/j.media.2025.103873 · 2026 · External reference
LEMON: a large endoscopic monocular dataset and foundation model for perception in surgical settings
2026 · External reference
Learning multi-modal representations by watching hundreds of surgical video lectures
10.1016/j.media.2025.103644 · 2025 · External reference
HecVL: hierarchical video-language pretraining for zero-shot surgical phase recognition
2024 · External reference
PeskaVLP: procedure-aware surgical video-language pretraining with hierarchical knowledge augmentation
10.52202/079017-3907 · 2024 · External reference
SurgLaVi: large-scale hierarchical dataset for surgical vision-language representation learning
10.1016/j.media.2026.103982 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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MedGRPO: multi-task reinforcement learning for heterogeneous medical video understanding
2026 · External reference
Evaluating large language models and agents in healthcare: key challenges in clinical applications
10.1016/j.imed.2025.03.002 · 2025 · External reference
Specialized foundation models for intelligent operating rooms
10.1038/s41746-026-02631-4 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Autonomous robotic laparoscopic surgery for intestinal anastomosis
10.1126/scirobotics.abj2908 · 2022 · External reference
Autonomy in surgical robotics
10.1146/annurev-control-062420-090543 · 2021 · External reference
Levels of autonomy in FDA-cleared surgical robots: a systematic review
10.1038/s41746-024-01102-y · 2024 · External reference
Beyond multiple-choice questions: rethinking evaluation frameworks for large language models for clinical medicine
10.1016/j.imed.2026.01.001 · 2026 · External reference
An ophthalmic video foundation model for surgical recognition and navigation with wet-lab porcine eye validation
10.1038/s41551-026-01622-w · 2026 · External reference
Surgical skill and complication rates after bariatric surgery
10.1056/nejmsa1300625 · 2013 · External reference
Association between surgeon technical skills and patient outcomes
10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3007 · 2020 · External reference
Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI
10.1136/bmj-2022-070904 · 2022 · External reference
Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI extension
10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30218-1 · 2020 · External reference
