Research graph
References from Single-cell analyses of global cohorts outline determinants of immune aging and link the ratio of GZMK+ to GZMB+ Tem cells to health trajectories. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Heterogeneity of Aging: Individual Risk Factors, Mechanisms, Patient Priorities, and Outcomes
10.1111/jgs.17011 · 2021 · External reference
Utilizing population variation, vaccination, and systems biology to study human immunology
10.1016/j.it.2015.06.005 · 2015 · External reference
Rethinking inflammaging across human diversity
10.1038/s43587-025-00933-y · 2025 · External reference
A clinically meaningful metric of immune age derived from high-dimensional longitudinal monitoring
10.1038/s41591-019-0381-y · 2019 · External reference
Antigen specificity shapes distinct aging trajectories of memory CD8+ T cells
10.1038/s41467-025-61627-y · 2025 · External reference
Distinct Profiles of Cytotoxic Granules in Memory CD8 T Cells Correlate with Function, Differentiation Stage, and Antigen Exposure
10.1128/jvi.02528-08 · 2009 · External reference
Human immune aging
10.1016/j.immuni.2025.10.009 · 2025 · External reference
Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations
10.1038/s43587-025-00888-0 · 2025 · External reference
Single-cell atlas of healthy human blood unveils age-related loss of NKG2C+GZMB-CD8+ memory T cells and accumulation of type 2 memory T cells
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.013 · 2023 · External reference
Maintenance of peripheral naive T cells is sustained by thymus output in mice but not humans
10.1016/j.immuni.2012.02.006 · 2012 · External reference
Both age and gender affect thymic output: more recent thymic migrants in females than males as they age
10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01640.x · 2001 · External reference
Multidimensional profiling of human T cells reveals high CD38 expression, marking recent thymic emigrants and age-related naive T cell remodeling
10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.019 · 2024 · External reference
Trimodal single-cell profiling reveals a novel pediatric CD8αα+ T cell subset and broad age-related molecular reprogramming across the T cell compartment
10.1038/s41590-023-01641-8 · 2023 · External reference
T cell subset-specific susceptibility to aging
10.1016/j.clim.2007.12.002 · 2008 · External reference
Immunophenotypical changes of T lymphocytes in the elderly
10.1159/000022167 · 2000 · External reference
Persistence of naive CD45RA+ regulatory T cells in adult life
10.1182/blood-2005-06-2403 · 2006 · External reference
Accelerated age-dependent transition of human regulatory T cells to effector memory phenotype
10.1093/intimm/dxm151 · 2008 · External reference
Cellular and plasma proteomic determinants of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary diseases relative to healthy aging
10.1038/s43587-021-00067-x · 2021 · External reference
Human PBMC scRNA-seq–based aging clocks reveal ribosome to inflammation balance as a single-cell aging hallmark and super longevity
10.1126/sciadv.abq7599 · 2023 · External reference
Spatial map of human T cell compartmentalization and maintenance over decades of life
10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.026 · 2014 · External reference
Aging and cytomegalovirus infection differentially and jointly affect distinct circulating T cell subsets in humans
10.4049/jimmunol.1301721 · 2014 · External reference
Accumulation of memory T cells from childhood to old age: central and effector memory cells in CD4(+) versus effector memory and terminally differentiated memory cells in CD8(+) compartment
10.1016/j.mad.2005.11.001 · 2006 · External reference
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the molecular features of peripheral blood immune cells in children, adults and centenarians
2022 · External reference
Age-associated changes in the frequency of naïve, memory and effector CD8+ T cells
10.1016/j.mad.2004.07.001 · 2004 · External reference
Heterogeneity and transcriptome changes of human CD8+ T cells across nine decades of life
10.1038/s41467-022-32869-x · 2022 · External reference
Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging
10.1038/s41467-020-14396-9 · 2020 · External reference
Integrated single-cell sequencing analysis reveals peripheral immune landscape across the human lifespan
2022 · External reference
Comprehensive Profiling of an Aging Immune System Reveals Clonal GZMK+ CD8+ T Cells as Conserved Hallmark of Inflammaging
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.005 · 2021 · External reference
Integrating single-cell RNA and T cell/B cell receptor sequencing with mass cytometry reveals dynamic trajectories of human peripheral immune cells from birth to old age
10.1038/s41590-024-02059-6 · 2025 · External reference
Single-cell eQTL mapping identifies cell type-specific genetic control of autoimmune disease
10.1126/science.abf3041 · 2022 · External reference
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals cell type-specific molecular and genetic associations to lupus
10.1126/science.abf1970 · 2022 · External reference
Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas
10.1126/science.adt3130 · 2026 · External reference
Multi-omic profiling reveals age-related immune dynamics in healthy adults
10.1038/s41586-025-09686-5 · 2025 · External reference
Asian diversity in human immune cells
10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.017 · 2025 · External reference
The inverted CD4:CD8 ratio is associated with gender-related changes in oxidative stress during aging
10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.05.006 · 2015 · External reference
Immunological features beyond CD4/CD8 ratio values in older individuals
10.18632/aging.203109 · 2021 · External reference
Age related human T cell subset evolution and senescence
10.1186/s12979-019-0165-8 · 2019 · External reference
Age-stratified Patterns of Thymic Involution on Multidetector CT
10.1097/rti.0000000000000349 · 2018 · External reference
A human circulating immune cell landscape in aging and COVID-19
10.1007/s13238-020-00762-2 · 2020 · External reference
10.1186/1742-4933-5-6 · 2008 · Admitted local publication
CD8+HLADR+ Regulatory T Cells Change With Aging: They Increase in Number, but Lose Checkpoint Inhibitory Molecules and Suppressive Function
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01201 · 2018 · External reference
Aging of immune system: Immune signature from peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 1068 healthy adults
10.18632/aging.100894 · 2016 · External reference
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals expansion of cytotoxic CD4 T cells in supercentenarians
10.1073/pnas.1907883116 · 2019 · External reference
Single-cell analysis of human peripheral blood reveals high immune response activity in successful ageing individuals
10.1016/j.mad.2024.112011 · 2025 · External reference
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Longevity Immune Remodeling Features Shared by Centenarians and Their Offspring
2022 · External reference
γ/δ T cell subsets in human aging using the classical α/β T cell model
10.1189/jlb.5a1213-650rr · 2014 · External reference
Cytomegalovirus drives Vδ2neg γδ T cell inflation in many healthy virus carriers with increasing age
10.1111/cei.12297 · 2014 · External reference
γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy
2023 · External reference
Age-associated alteration of γδ T-cell repertoire and different profiles of activation-induced death of Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells
10.1007/s12185-011-0907-7 · 2011 · External reference
Heterogeneity of thymic output in the elderly and its association with sex and smoking
10.1172/jci.insight.189008 · 2025 · External reference
Dissecting human population variation in single-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2
10.1038/s41586-023-06422-9 · 2023 · External reference
CMV-specific clonal expansion in human Th1 and GZMK+ CD8+ T cells
10.1186/s13059-026-04198-5 · 2026 · External reference
Anti-cytomegalovirus antibody levels stratify human immune profiles across the lifespan
10.1007/s11357-024-01124-0 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of age and CMV on NK cell subpopulations
10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.008 · 2014 · External reference
Coordinated expansion of both memory T cells and NK cells in response to CMV infection in humans
10.1002/eji.201546179 · 2016 · External reference
Effect of age and latent CMV infection on CD8+ CD56+ T cells (NKT-like) frequency and functionality
10.1016/j.mad.2015.12.003 · 2016 · External reference
Age-Related Differences in T-Cell Subsets in a Nationally Representative Sample of People Older Than Age 55: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study
10.1093/gerona/glab300 · 2022 · External reference
Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus co-infected young and middle-aged adults can have an aging-related T-cell phenotype
10.1038/s41598-023-37502-5 · 2023 · External reference
NK- and T-cell granzyme B and K expression correlates with age, CMV infection and influenza vaccine-induced antibody titres in older adults
10.3389/fragi.2022.1098200 · 2023 · External reference
Progression to rheumatoid arthritis in at-risk individuals is defined by systemic inflammation and by T and B cell dysregulation
10.1126/scitranslmed.adt7214 · 2025 · External reference
Integrative mapping of human CD8+ T cells in inflammation and cancer
10.1038/s41592-024-02530-0 · 2025 · External reference
Atlas of the plasma proteome in health and disease in 53,026 adults
10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.045 · 2025 · External reference
A unified metric of human immune health
10.1038/s41591-024-03092-6 · 2024 · External reference
C-Reactive Protein: Clinical Relevance and Interpretation
2025 · External reference
Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation
10.1186/ar1917 · 2006 · External reference
Caloric restriction in humans reveals immunometabolic regulators of health span
10.1126/science.abg7292 · 2022 · External reference
Function and regulation of MHC class II molecules in T-lymphocytes: of mice and men
10.1016/j.humimm.2004.01.005 · 2004 · External reference
Activated Human T Cells Accomplish MHC Class II Expression Through T Cell-Specific Occupation of Class II Transactivator Promoter III
10.4049/jimmunol.168.2.763 · 2002 · External reference
Cytomegalovirus: shape-shifting the immune system
10.4049/jimmunol.1800171 · 2018 · External reference
CD8+ CD28- and CD8+ CD57+ T cells and their role in health and disease
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03470.x · 2011 · External reference
Extremely Differentiated T Cell Subsets Contribute to Tissue Deterioration During Aging
10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-064501 · 2023 · External reference
Granzyme B in aging and age-related pathologies
10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.010 · 2024 · External reference
Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371743 · 2024 · External reference
Translational disease modeling of peripheral blood identifies type 2 diabetes biomarkers predictive of Alzheimer’s disease
10.1038/s41540-025-00539-5 · 2025 · External reference
10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.012
10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.012 · External reference
Souporcell: robust clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data by genotype without reference genotypes
10.1038/s41592-020-0820-1 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis
10.1186/s13059-017-1382-0 · 2018 · External reference
Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony
10.1038/s41592-019-0619-0 · 2019 · External reference
anndata: Access and store annotated datamatrices
10.21105/joss.04371 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
Scalable high-performance single cell data analysis with BPCells
2025 · External reference
Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data
10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.048 · 2021 · External reference
variancePartition: interpreting drivers of variation in complex gene expression studies
10.1186/s12859-016-1323-z · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells
10.1038/nbt.2859 · 2014 · External reference
Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python
2011 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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FastPG: Fast clustering of millions of single cells
2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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10.32614/cran.package.minpack.lm
10.32614/cran.package.minpack.lm · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent
10.18637/jss.v033.i01 · 2010 · External reference
Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret Package
10.18637/jss.v028.i05 · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2000 · External reference
10.32614/cran.package.survminer
10.32614/cran.package.survminer · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
scRepertoire 2: Enhanced and efficient toolkit for single-cell immune profiling
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012760 · 2025 · External reference
arcasHLA: high-resolution HLA typing from RNAseq
10.1093/bioinformatics/btz474 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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ggalluvial: Layered Grammar for Alluvial Plots
10.21105/joss.02017 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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10.32614/cran.package.mascarade
10.32614/cran.package.mascarade · External reference
Phantasus, a web application for visual and interactive gene expression analysis
10.7554/elife.85722 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Extremely randomized trees
10.1007/s10994-006-6226-1 · 2006 · External reference
Stacked generalization
10.1016/s0893-6080(05)80023-1 · 1992 · External reference
IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system
10.1093/nar/gkn838 · 2009 · External reference
A Catalog of the Public T-cell Response to Cytomegalovirus
2024 · External reference
Large-scale statistical mapping of T-cell receptor β sequences to human leukocyte antigens
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1603730 · 2025 · External reference
