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Axl and growth arrest-specific gene 6 are frequently overexpressed in human gliomas and predict poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

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In brain, Axl recruits Grb2 and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3 kinase; in vitro mutagenesis defines the requisite binding sites for downstream Akt activation

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TAM receptors are pleiotropic inhibitors of the innate immune response

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Axl-EGFR receptor tyrosine kinase hetero-interaction provides EGFR with access to pro-invasive signalling in cancer cells

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Heightened cleavage of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase by ADAM metalloproteases may contribute to disease pathogenesis in SLE

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Proteolytic Cleavage of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

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E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B lineage lymphoma-b and its potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy

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LZTR1 Mutation Mediates Oncogenesis through Stabilization of EGFR and AXL

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Biology of Zika Virus Infection in Human Skin Cells

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Axl Mediates ZIKA Virus Entry in Human Glial Cells and Modulates Innate Immune Responses

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Reprogramming the immunological microenvironment through radiation and targeting Axl

10.1038/ncomms13898 · 2016 · External reference

Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation

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Axl Regulation of NK Cell Activity Creates an Immunosuppressive Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Cancer

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Modulation of macrophage efferocytosis in inflammation

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MerTK-mediated efferocytosis promotes immune tolerance and tumor progression in osteosarcoma through enhancing M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression

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AXL promotes inflammatory breast cancer progression by regulating immunosuppressive macrophage polarization

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AXL antibody and AXL-ADC mediate antitumor efficacy via targeting AXL in tumor-intrinsic epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor-associated M2-like macrophage

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AXL-initiated paracrine activation of pSTAT3 enhances mesenchymal and vasculogenic supportive features of tumor-associated macrophages

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Axl inhibition induces the antitumor immune response which can be further potentiated by PD-1 blockade in the mouse cancer models

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Tumour-associated microglia/macrophages predict poor prognosis in high-grade gliomas and correlate with an aggressive tumour subtype

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Axl kinase drives immune checkpoint and chemokine signalling pathways in lung adenocarcinomas

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Phosphatidylserine Sensing by TAM Receptors Regulates AKT-Dependent Chemoresistance and PD-L1 Expression

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Association of AXL and PD-L1 Expression with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with PD-1 Blockade

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0972 · 2021 · External reference

Anti-PD-L1 antibodies promote cellular proliferation by activating the PD-L1-AXL signal relay in liver cancer cells

10.1007/s12072-023-10572-3 · 2024 · External reference

CTLA-4 blockade induces a microglia-Th1 cell partnership that stimulates microglia phagocytosis and anti-tumor function in glioblastoma

10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.015 · 2023 · External reference

Targeting AXL induces tumor-intrinsic immunogenic response in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant liver cancer

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10.21873/cdp.10455 · 2025 · External reference

AXL confers intrinsic resistance to osimertinib and advances the emergence of tolerant cells

10.1038/s41467-018-08074-0 · 2019 · External reference

AXL/CDCP1/SRC axis confers acquired resistance to osimertinib in lung cancer

10.1038/s41598-022-12995-8 · 2022 · External reference

AXL enhances the self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells and Osimertinib chemoresistance by regulating SCD1 in non-small cell lung cancer

10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117067 · 2025 · External reference

AXL Kinase Inhibition Promotes Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS Activity and Sensitizes Poorly Immunogenic Tumors to Chemo-Immunotherapy

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-24-0440 · 2026 · External reference

AXL expression to predict resistance to immunotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108853 · 2025 · External reference

Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma

10.1038/ncomms6712 · 2014 · External reference

AXL/AKT axis mediated-resistance to BRAF inhibitor depends on PTEN status in melanoma

10.1038/s41388-018-0205-4 · 2018 · External reference

Cooperative Targeting of Immunotherapy-Resistant Melanoma and Lung Cancer by an AXL-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate and Immune Checkpoint Blockade

10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0434 · 2021 · External reference

Targeting rapid TKI-induced AXL upregulation overcomes adaptive ERK reactivation and exerts antileukemic effects in FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia

10.1002/1878-0261.13749 · 2025 · External reference

AXL induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and regulates the function of breast cancer stem cells

10.1038/onc.2013.57 · 2014 · External reference

Axl-mediated activation of TBK1 drives epithelial plasticity in pancreatic cancer

2019 · External reference

AXL: shapers of tumor progression and immunosuppressive microenvironments

10.1186/s12943-024-02210-9 · 2025 · External reference

Inhibition of the GAS6/AXL pathway augments the efficacy of chemotherapies

10.1172/jci85610 · 2016 · External reference

AXL Mediates Cetuximab and Radiation Resistance Through Tyrosine 821 and the c-ABL Kinase Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3142 · 2020 · External reference

AXL mediates resistance to cetuximab therapy

10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0294 · 2014 · External reference

AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2648 · 2015 · External reference

AXL regulates neuregulin1 expression leading to cetuximab resistance in head and neck cancer

10.1186/s12885-022-09511-6 · 2022 · External reference

Axl mediates acquired resistance of head and neck cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0170 · 2013 · External reference

Integrative Analysis Identifies a Novel AXL-PI3 Kinase-PD-L1 Signaling Axis Associated with Radiation Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2586 · 2017 · External reference

Integrated analysis of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases identifies Axl as a therapeutic target and mediator of resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1038/s41416-018-0373-6 · 2019 · External reference

Synergism of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl with ErbB receptors mediates resistance to regorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

10.3389/fonc.2023.1238883 · 2023 · External reference

Galectin-1-mediated MET/AXL signaling enhances sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by escaping ferroptosis

10.18632/aging.204867 · 2023 · External reference

AXL inhibition prevents RPA2/CHK1-mediated homologous recombination to increase PARP inhibitor sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma

2024 · External reference

Inhibiting the GAS6/AXL axis suppresses tumor progression by blocking the interaction between cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells in gastric carcinoma

10.1007/s10120-020-01066-4 · 2020 · External reference

AXL-SHC1 signaling axis mediates adaptive resistance to HER2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HER2-aberrant lung and gastric cancers

2026 · External reference

Acquired resistance mechanisms to afatinib in HER2-amplified gastric cancer cells

10.1111/cas.14089 · 2019 · External reference

TYRO3, AXL, MERTK and Their Ligands in Brain Metastases From Colorectal Cancers

10.1002/cam4.71869 · 2026 · External reference

A TAZ-AXL-ABL2 Feed-Forward Signaling Axis Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastasis

10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.018 · 2019 · External reference

The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Is Required at Multiple Steps of the Metastatic Cascade during HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Progression

10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.019 · 2018 · External reference

Kinome-wide shRNA screen identifies the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL as a key regulator for mesenchymal glioblastoma stem-like cells

10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.03.005 · 2015 · External reference

Acquired resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in glioblastoma is associated with a mesenchymal transition

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1557 · 2013 · External reference

Strong Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) Is Associated with Axl Expression and Features of Aggressive Tumors in African Breast Cancer

10.1371/journal.pone.0146823 · 2016 · External reference

Axl signaling is an important mediator of tumor angiogenesis

10.18632/oncotarget.26882 · 2019 · External reference

Axl as a potential therapeutic target in cancer: role of Axl in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis

10.1038/onc.2009.212 · 2009 · External reference

Multiple roles for the receptor tyrosine kinase axl in tumor formation

10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0993 · 2005 · External reference

Axl is essential for VEGF-A-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt

10.1038/emboj.2012.21 · 2012 · External reference

Phospho-AXL is widely expressed in glioblastoma and associated with significant shorter overall survival

10.18632/oncotarget.18468 · 2017 · External reference

Dominant-negative inhibition of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase suppresses brain tumor cell growth and invasion and prolongs survival

10.1073/pnas.0510923103 · 2006 · External reference

Inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase AXL with small molecule inhibitor BMS-777607 reduces glioblastoma growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo

10.18632/oncotarget.7130 · 2016 · External reference

Lipocalin 2 orchestrates resistance to ferroptosis via AXL

2026 · External reference

Gas6/AXL Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway

10.1097/tp.0000000000005036 · 2024 · External reference

The role of ferroptosis in melanoma

10.1111/pcmr.13009 · 2022 · External reference

AXL inhibition improves BRAF-targeted treatment in melanoma

10.1038/s41598-022-09078-z · 2022 · External reference

The Role of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl in Carcinogenesis and Development of Therapeutic Resistance: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms and Future Applications

10.3390/cancers13071521 · 2021 · External reference

Axl mediates tumor invasion and chemosensitivity through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and is transcriptionally regulated by slug in breast carcinoma

10.1002/iub.1285 · 2014 · External reference

Effect of AXL on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer

10.3892/etm.2017.4532 · 2017 · External reference

Axl is an essential epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced regulator of breast cancer metastasis and patient survival

10.1073/pnas.0909333107 · 2010 · External reference

Triple-negative breast cancer cells that survive ionizing radiation exhibit an Axl-dependent aggressive radioresistant phenotype

10.3892/etm.2023.12147 · 2023 · External reference

Prospects of current AXL-targeting therapies in early phase cancer trials

10.1080/13543784.2025.2511178 · 2025 · External reference

Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer

10.1038/ng.2330 · 2012 · External reference

Therapeutic Inhibition of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Improves Sensitivity to Platinum and Taxane in Ovarian Cancer

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0537 · 2019 · External reference

Targeting AXL can effectively overcome c-Met-induced therapeutic resistance in renal cancer and promote tumor cell death through increased oxidative stress

10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217984 · 2025 · External reference

A TNF-JNK-Axl-ERK signaling axis mediates primary resistance to EGFR inhibition in glioblastoma

10.1038/nn.4584 · 2017 · External reference

Pharmacologic Targeting of S6K1 in PTEN-Deficient Neoplasia

10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.022 · 2017 · External reference

Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a Phase I trial for patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma

10.1371/journal.pmed.0050008 · 2008 · External reference

Coordinated Targeting of S6K1/2 and AXL Disrupts Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in PTEN-Deficient Glioblastoma

10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0631 · 2024 · External reference

The Development of AXL Inhibitors in Lung Cancer: Recent Progress and Challenges

10.3389/fonc.2022.811247 · 2022 · External reference

ZDHHC11-mediated AXL palmitoylation promotes osimertinib resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer

10.1073/pnas.2502778122 · 2025 · External reference

AXL targeting restores PD-1 blockade sensitivity of STK11/LKB1 mutant NSCLC through expansion of TCF1+ CD8 T cells

2022 · External reference

Basal-like mammary carcinomas stimulate cancer stem cell properties through AXL-signaling to induce chemotherapy resistance

10.1002/ijc.34429 · 2023 · External reference

Novel mechanism of lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast tumor cells: activation of AXL

10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4490 · 2009 · External reference

Distinct tumor architectures and microenvironments for the initiation of breast cancer metastasis in the brain

10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.015 · 2024 · External reference

Phase 1 trial of bemcentinib (BGB324), a first-in-class, selective AXL inhibitor, with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer

10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107291 · 2023 · External reference

Bemcentinib as monotherapy and in combination with low-dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy: a phase 1b/2a trial

10.1038/s41467-025-58179-6 · 2025 · External reference

First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Trial of SLC-391, a Novel and Selective AXL Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumours

10.3390/ph18121898 · 2025 · External reference

An anti-Axl monoclonal antibody attenuates xenograft tumor growth and enhances the effect of multiple anticancer therapies

10.1038/onc.2010.268 · 2010 · External reference

Therapeutic Activity of Anti-AXL Antibody against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts and Metastasis

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1316 · 2017 · External reference

Phase 1b study of AVB-500 in combination with paclitaxel or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer

10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.08.020 · 2021 · External reference

Phase 1b study of batiraxcept in combination with durvalumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer

10.1016/j.isci.2024.109801 · 2024 · External reference

Phase 1b/2 study of batiraxcept alone and in combination with cabozantinib with or without nivolumab for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma

10.1093/oncolo/oyaf138 · 2025 · External reference

GAS6-AXL Inhibition by AVB-500 Overcomes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Endometrial Cancer by Decreasing Tumor Cell Glycolysis

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0704 · 2022 · External reference

Targeting AXL Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer in Bone

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-3028 · 2025 · External reference

AXL inhibition improves the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab in high-risk endometrial cancer

10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.11.001 · 2026 · External reference

Cooperative targeting of melanoma heterogeneity with an AXL antibody-drug conjugate and BRAF/MEK inhibitors

10.1038/nm.4472 · 2018 · External reference

Enapotamab vedotin, an AXL-specific antibody-drug conjugate, shows preclinical antitumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer

10.1172/jci.insight.128199 · 2019 · External reference

Preclinical Development of ADCT-601, a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer-based Antibody-drug Conjugate Targeting AXL-expressing Cancers

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0715 · 2022 · External reference

Potent Anti-Tumor Activity of the AXL-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Mipasetamab Uzoptirine (ADCT-601), in Preclinical Models of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

10.1158/1535-7163.mct-25-1323 · 2026 · External reference

The emerging role of AXL in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker potential and therapeutic targeting to counteract drug resistance

10.1016/j.drup.2026.101408 · 2026 · External reference

Discovery of NTQ2494, a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of AXL kinase for the treatment of human tumors

10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118955 · 2026 · External reference

An engineered Axl “decoy receptor” effectively silences the Gas6-Axl signaling axis

10.1038/nchembio.1636 · 2014 · External reference

Requirement of Gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid Modification and Phosphatidylserine Binding for the Activation of Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk Receptors by Growth Arrest-Specific 6

10.3389/fimmu.2017.01521 · 2017 · External reference

Phosphatidylserine is a global immunosuppressive signal in efferocytosis, infectious disease, and cancer

10.1038/cdd.2016.11 · 2016 · External reference

TIMs, TAMs, and PS- antibody targeting: implications for cancer immunotherapy

10.1186/s12964-020-0521-5 · 2020 · External reference

Exposed phosphatidylserine is an inhibitory molecule in T cell exhaustion

10.1038/s41586-026-10266-4 · 2026 · External reference

Phosphatidylserine externalization as immune checkpoint in cancer

10.1007/s00424-024-02948-7 · 2024 · External reference

Dys-regulated phosphatidylserine externalization as a cell intrinsic immune escape mechanism in cancer

10.1186/s12964-025-02090-6 · 2025 · External reference

AXL Inhibitors in Oncology Clinical Trials: A Review

10.36401/jipo-24-37 · 2025 · External reference

Emerging AXL Inhibitors in Oncology: Chemical and Biological Advances in Targeted Cancer Therapy

10.2174/0118715206351185241209053053 · 2025 · External reference

RTK AXL and its Isoforms: Regulation and Implications in Cancer

10.2174/0109298673382005250828124053 · 2026 · External reference

Gender differences in plasma growth arrest-specific protein 6 levels in adult subjects

10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.001 · 2015 · External reference

Sex-dependent effects in the aged melanoma tumor microenvironment influence invasion and resistance to targeted therapy

10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.013 · 2024 · External reference

Estrogen dependent expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase axl in normal and malignant human breast

10.1023/a:1011126330233 · 2001 · External reference

AXL/Gas6 signaling mechanisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

10.3389/fendo.2023.1212104 · 2023 · External reference

Prostate tumor RON receptor signaling mediates macrophage recruitment to drive androgen deprivation therapy resistance through Gas6-mediated Axl and RON signaling

10.1002/pros.24416 · 2022 · External reference

Integrated analysis of sex differences in human dendritic cell, monocyte, and natural killer cell subsets

2026 · External reference