Research graph
References from Optimizing Blood Pressure Care in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: 2026 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
2026 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000001412 · 2026 · External reference
10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.007
10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.007 · 2025 · External reference
Prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in the United States
10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12191 · 2019 · External reference
Characterization of individuals with apparent resistant hypertension using contemporary guidelines: insights from CV-QUIC
10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20894 · 2023 · External reference
Prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in the United States according to the 2017 high blood pressure guideline
10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.033 · 2019 · External reference
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
2024 · External reference
Sources of inaccuracy in the measurement of adult patients' resting blood pressure in clinical settings: a systematic review
10.1097/hjh.0000000000001197 · 2017 · External reference
Optimizing observer performance of clinic blood pressure measurement: a position statement from the Lancet Commission on Hypertension Group
10.1097/hjh.0000000000002112 · 2019 · External reference
Sphygmomanometer calibration—why, how and how often?
2007 · External reference
Lancet Commission on Hypertension group position statement on the global improvement of accuracy standards for devices that measure blood pressure
10.1097/hjh.0000000000002246 · 2020 · External reference
STRIDE BP: an international initiative for accurate blood pressure measurement
10.1097/hjh.0000000000002289 · 2020 · External reference
STRIDE BP international initiative for accurate blood pressure measurement: systematic review of published validation studies of blood pressure measuring devices
10.1111/jch.13710 · 2019 · External reference
Blood pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation: review and meta-analysis of evidence on accuracy and clinical relevance
10.1097/hjh.0000000000002201 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of cuff size on the accuracy of blood pressure readings: the Cuff(SZ) randomized crossover trial
10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.3264 · 2023 · External reference
Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000087 · 2019 · External reference
Only troncoconical cuffs can provide accurate blood pressure measurements in people with severe obesity
10.1097/hjh.0000000000001823 · 2019 · External reference
2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension
10.1097/hjh.0000000000003480 · 2023 · External reference
2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 · 2024 · External reference
Hypertension Canada's 2020 comprehensive guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children
2020 · External reference
Agreement between different types of blood pressure monitoring: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.7326/annals-24-02142 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of different rest period durations prior to blood pressure measurement: the best REST trial
10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17496 · 2021 · External reference
Impact of 30- versus 60-second time intervals between automated office blood pressure measurements on measured blood pressure
10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17876 · 2021 · External reference
Clinical impact of 3- vs. 5-minute delay and 30- vs. 60-second intervals on unattended automated office blood pressure measurements
10.1093/ajh/hpae135 · 2025 · External reference
Orthostatic hypotension in adults with hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000236 · 2024 · External reference
Orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive adults: Harry Goldblatt award for early career investigators 2021
10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18557 · 2022 · External reference
Screening for hypertension in adults: US preventive services task force reaffirmation recommendation statement
10.1001/jama.2021.4987 · 2021 · External reference
Screening for hypertension in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force
10.1001/jama.2020.21669 · 2021 · External reference
Self-measured blood pressure monitoring at home: a joint policy statement from the American Heart Association and American Medical Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000000803 · 2020 · External reference
Diagnostic and predictive accuracy of blood pressure screening methods with consideration of rescreening intervals: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
10.7326/m14-1539 · 2015 · External reference
Prognostic value of masked uncontrolled hypertension
10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11499 · 2018 · External reference
Cardiovascular events and mortality in white coat hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.7326/m19-0223 · 2019 · External reference
Reliability of office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure measurements and correlation with left ventricular mass
10.1016/j.jacc.2020.10.039 · 2020 · External reference
Comparison of home and office blood pressure devices in the clinical setting
10.1093/ajh/hpad120 · 2024 · External reference
Nocturnal hypertension: new technology and evidence
10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10971 · 2018 · External reference
Association between non-dipper blood pressure pattern and coronary artery disease burden in hypertensive patients
10.1080/14779072.2025.2569399 · 2025 · External reference
Number of measurements needed to obtain a reliable estimate of home blood pressure: results from the improving the detection of hypertension study
10.1161/jaha.118.008658 · 2018 · External reference
The optimal home blood pressure monitoring schedule based on the Didima outcome study
10.1038/jhh.2009.54 · 2010 · External reference
Schedules for self-monitoring blood pressure: a systematic review
10.1093/ajh/hpy185 · 2019 · External reference
10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006
10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006 · 2018 · External reference
Design and implementation of an electronic health record-integrated hypertension management application
10.1161/jaha.123.030884 · 2024 · External reference
Self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002389 · 2017 · External reference
Long-term outcomes of the effects of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management on blood pressure among adults with uncontrolled hypertension: follow-up of a cluster randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1617 · 2018 · External reference
The short and long-term efficacy of nurse-led interventions for improving blood pressure control in people with hypertension in primary care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1186/s12875-024-02380-x · 2024 · External reference
Unsung heroes in health education and promotion: how community health workers contribute to hypertension management
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1088236 · 2023 · External reference
A cluster-randomized trial of blood-pressure reduction in black barbershops
10.1056/nejmoa1717250 · 2018 · External reference
The long-term blood pressure trends following a remote hypertension intervention: a secondary analysis of the digital care transformation - remotely delivered hypertension management program
10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.24475 · 2025 · External reference
Acceptability and adherence to home, kiosk, and clinic blood pressure measurement compared to 24-h ambulatory monitoring
10.1007/s11606-023-08036-3 · 2023 · External reference
Patient experience in a remote patient monitoring program for hypertension: a qualitative study
10.1093/ajh/hpae086 · 2024 · External reference
Federally qualified health center patients' experiences with remote patient monitoring as part of telehealth services for self-measured blood pressure monitoring
10.1186/s12913-025-12253-3 · 2025 · External reference
An update on refractory hypertension
10.1007/s11906-022-01185-6 · 2022 · External reference
Nonadherence is common in patients with apparent resistant hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1093/ajh/hpad013 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of lifestyle modification on patients with resistant hypertension: results of the TRIUMPH randomized clinical trial
10.1161/circulationaha.121.055329 · 2021 · External reference
Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension
2021 · External reference
Effect of weight loss on blood pressure changes in overweight patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1111/jch.14661 · 2023 · External reference
Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons: a randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE)
10.1001/jama.279.11.839 · 1998 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists modestly reduced blood pressure among patients with and without diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
10.1111/dom.15529 · 2024 · External reference
A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group
10.1056/nejm199704173361601 · 1997 · External reference
Effects of diet and sodium reduction on cardiac injury, strain, and inflammation: the DASH-Sodium trial
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.320 · 2021 · External reference
Associations between dietary patterns and subclinical cardiac injury: an observational analysis from the DASH trial
10.7326/m20-0336 · 2020 · External reference
Effects of diet on 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (from the DASH trial)
10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.019 · 2023 · External reference
Dietary sodium reduction lowers 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score: results from the DASH-sodium trial
10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.100980 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) randomized clinical trial
10.1001/archinte.159.3.285 · 1999 · External reference
Time course of change in blood pressure from sodium reduction and the DASH diet
10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10017 · 2017 · External reference
Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial
10.1001/jama.294.19.2455 · 2005 · External reference
Blood pressure effects of sodium reduction: dose-response meta-analysis of experimental studies
10.1161/circulationaha.120.050371 · 2021 · External reference
DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet
10.1056/nejm200101043440101 · 2001 · External reference
Effects of dietary sodium reduction on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension: results from a randomized trial
10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.131235 · 2009 · External reference
Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP)
10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55 · 2007 · External reference
Blood pressure-lowering medications, sodium reduction, and blood pressure
10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23382 · 2024 · External reference
Potassium intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1161/jaha.119.015719 · 2020 · External reference
Effect of salt substitution on cardiovascular events and death
10.1056/nejmoa2105675 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure among patients with resistant hypertension: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2735 · 2021 · External reference
Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1161/jaha.112.004473 · 2013 · External reference
Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials
10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006 · 2002 · External reference
Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension
10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.197780 · 2012 · External reference
Effects of short-term heated water-based exercise training on systemic blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension: a pilot study
10.1097/mbp.0000000000000000 · 2013 · External reference
Alcohol intake and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of nonexperimental cohort studies
10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22703 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1161/hy1101.093424 · 2001 · External reference
The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30003-8 · 2017 · External reference
Long-term blood pressure variability: an emerging cardiovascular risk factor
2024 · External reference
The comparative efficacy and safety of the angiotensin receptor blockers in the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases
10.1007/s40264-014-0239-7 · 2015 · External reference
Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure
10.1161/01.hyp.0000203309.07140.d3 · 2006 · External reference
Medication adherence and blood pressure control: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000203 · 2022 · External reference
Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension
10.1161/01.hyp.0000259805.18468.8c · 2007 · External reference
Determinants of blood pressure reduction by eplerenone in uncontrolled hypertension
10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835b71d6 · 2013 · External reference
Long-term effects of aldosterone blockade in resistant hypertension associated with chronic kidney disease
10.1038/jhh.2011.60 · 2012 · External reference
Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00257-3 · 2015 · External reference
Characterization of resistant hypertension: association between resistant hypertension, aldosterone, and persistent intravascular volume expansion
10.1001/archinte.168.11.1159 · 2008 · External reference
Spironolactone vs amiloride for resistant hypertension: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2025.5129 · 2025 · External reference
A pilot study comparing furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease
10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00564.x · 2012 · External reference
Therapeutic roles of thiazides and loop diuretics in blood pressure control and renal protection against chronic kidney disease
10.1186/s40885-023-00238-5 · 2023 · External reference
Redefining beta-blocker use in hypertension: selecting the right beta-blocker and the right patient
10.1016/j.jash.2016.11.007 · 2017 · External reference
Comparison of cardiovascular events among users of different classes of antihypertension medications: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21618 · 2020 · External reference
Meta-analysis: impact of drug class on adherence to antihypertensives
10.1161/circulationaha.110.983874 · 2011 · External reference
Role of alpha1-blockers in the current management of hypertension
10.1111/jch.14556 · 2022 · External reference
Systematic review article: new drug strategies for treating resistant hypertension-the importance of a mechanistic, personalized approach
10.1007/s40292-024-00634-4 · 2024 · External reference
Dual endothelin antagonist aprocitentan for resistant hypertension (PRECISION): a multicentre, blinded, randomised, parallel-group, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02034-7 · 2022 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of baxdrostat in uncontrolled and resistant hypertension
10.1056/nejmoa2507109 · 2025 · External reference
Lorundrostat in participants with uncontrolled hypertension and treatment-resistant hypertension: the Launch-HTN randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2025.9413 · 2025 · External reference
Baxdrostat: a next-generation aldosterone synthase inhibitor offering new hope in resistant hypertension
10.3390/biom15101439 · 2025 · External reference
Add-on treatment with zilebesiran for inadequately controlled hypertension: the KARDIA-2 randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2025.6681 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy of tonlamarsen in patients with uncontrolled hypertension: the KARDINAL phase 2 randomized clinical trial
10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.034 · 2026 · External reference
Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study
10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60566-3 · 2009 · External reference
Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension: the RADIANCE II randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2023.0713 · 2023 · External reference
Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension (RADIANCE-HTN SOLO): a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31082-1 · 2018 · External reference
Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30554-7 · 2020 · External reference
Renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000240 · 2024 · External reference
Ultrasound renal denervation for hypertension resistant to a triple medication pill (RADIANCE-HTN TRIO): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, sham-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00788-1 · 2021 · External reference
Long-term clinical benefit after radiofrequency renal denervation: pooled 36-month results from the SPYRAL clinical program
10.4244/eij-d-26-00161 · 2026 · External reference
Durability of blood pressure reduction after ultrasound renal denervation: three-year follow-up of the treatment arm of the randomised RADIANCE-HTN SOLO trial
10.4244/eij-d-22-00305 · 2022 · External reference
Long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the presence of antihypertensive drugs (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED): a randomised, sham-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00455-x · 2022 · External reference
Effects of renal denervation on kidney function and long-term outcomes: 3-year follow-up from the global SYMPLICITY registry
10.1093/eurheartj/ehz118 · 2019 · External reference
Review and meta-analysis of renal artery damage following percutaneous renal denervation with radiofrequency renal artery ablation
10.4244/eij-d-19-00902 · 2020 · External reference
SCAI position statement on renal denervation for hypertension: patient selection, operator competence, training and techniques, and organizational recommendations
2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of team-based care for hypertension: a meta-analysis and simulation study
10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20292 · 2023 · External reference
Cost-effectiveness and challenges of implementing intensive blood pressure goals and team-based care
10.1007/s11906-019-0996-x · 2019 · External reference
Comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.7326/m17-1805 · 2018 · External reference
Team-based care for improving hypertension management: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
10.3389/fcvm.2021.760662 · 2021 · External reference
Implementation strategies to improve blood pressure control in the United States: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American Medical Association
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000232 · 2023 · External reference
Economics of team-based care for blood pressure control: updated community guide systematic review
10.1016/j.amepre.2023.04.013 · 2023 · External reference
Cluster-randomized trial of a physician/pharmacist collaborative model to improve blood pressure control
10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001283 · 2015 · External reference
Team-based care and improved blood pressure control: a community guide systematic review
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.03.004 · 2014 · External reference
Social determinants of risk and outcomes for cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000000228 · 2015 · External reference
Social determinants of cardiovascular disease
10.1161/circresaha.121.319811 · 2022 · External reference
Social determinants of health and premature death among adults in the USA from 1999 to 2018: a national cohort study
10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00081-6 · 2023 · External reference
Addressing structural racism through public policy advocacy: a policy statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000001203 · 2024 · External reference
Differences in estimates for 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in black versus white individuals with identical risk factor profiles using pooled cohort equations: an in silico cohort study
10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00236-3 · 2022 · External reference
Revising the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease calculator without race
10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00258-2 · 2022 · External reference
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction in disaggregated Asian and Hispanic subgroups using electronic health records
10.1161/jaha.118.011874 · 2019 · External reference
Risk prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with and without race stratification
10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4520 · 2024 · External reference
Addition of social determinants of health to coronary heart disease risk prediction: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
10.1161/jaha.123.033651 · 2024 · External reference
Geriatrics 5ms for primary care workshop
2019 · External reference
The geriatrics 5m's: a new way of communicating what we do
10.1111/jgs.14979 · 2017 · External reference
Cuffless blood pressure measuring devices: review and statement by the European Society of Hypertension working group on blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular variability
10.1097/hjh.0000000000003224 · 2022 · External reference
Feasibility and measurement stability of smartwatch-based cuffless blood pressure monitoring: a real-world prospective observational study
10.1038/s41440-023-01215-z · 2023 · External reference
Evaluation of the ability of a commercially available cuffless wearable device to track blood pressure changes
10.1097/hjh.0000000000003428 · 2023 · External reference
A review of the effect of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy
10.1088/1361-6579/acd51a · 2023 · External reference
Effect of ambient lighting and skin tone on estimation of heart rate and pulse transit time from video plethysmography
2020 · External reference
10.1093/eurjpc/zwag058
10.1093/eurjpc/zwag058 · 2026 · External reference
Cuffless devices for the measurement of blood pressure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000254 · 2026 · External reference
Cuffless blood pressure measurement devices-international perspectives on accuracy and clinical use: a narrative review
10.1001/jamacardio.2025.0662 · 2025 · External reference
Data interoperability for ambulatory monitoring of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/hcg.0000000000000095 · 2024 · External reference
Access to digital health technologies: personalized framework and global perspectives
10.1038/s41569-025-01184-5 · 2026 · External reference
