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References from ZnO–TiO2-based nanocomposite photocatalysts: Advances toward solar-driven hydrogen evolution. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
A global assessment: can renewable energy replace fossil fuels by 2050?
10.3390/su14084792 · 2022 · External reference
Hydrogen energy as sustainable energy resource for carbon-neutrality realization
2024 · External reference
An overview of hydrogen production methods: focus on hydrocarbon feedstock
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.369 · 2024 · External reference
Solar-driven hydrogen production: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives
10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02591 · 2022 · External reference
Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode
10.1038/238037a0 · 1972 · External reference
Challenges and potential of layered double hydroxides as electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen production from water: a review of recent advances and applications
10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100399 · 2025 · External reference
Photocatalytic water splitting—the untamed dream: a review of recent advances
10.3390/molecules21070900 · 2016 · External reference
Current trends and future perspectives on ZnO-based materials for robust and stable solar fuel (H2) generation
10.1016/j.chphi.2024.100774 · 2024 · External reference
A review of TiO2 nanostructured materials for hydrogen generation through photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting
10.1016/j.physb.2025.417466 · 2025 · External reference
Unveiling the potential of rGO–ZnO nanocomposites in photocatalysis for energy and environmental applications
2025 · External reference
Electronic properties of rutile and anatase TiO2 and their effect on CO2 adsorption: a comparison of first principle approaches
10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125322 · 2022 · External reference
Synthesis of high quality hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods for photoelectrochemical cell electrode
10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.02.005 · 2021 · External reference
Vectorial doping-promoting charge transfer in anatase TiO2 {001} surface
10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.045 · 2014 · External reference
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-TiO2/carbon fiber composite with enhanced photocatalytic properties
10.3390/nano10101960 · 2020 · External reference
Photocatalytic hydrogen production using TiO2-based catalysts: a review
2024 · External reference
CNT facilitated interfacial charge transfer of TiO2 nanocomposite for controlling the electron-hole recombination
10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.106492 · 2021 · External reference
Photocatalytic performance of yttrium-doped CNT-ZnO nanoflowers synthesized from hydrothermal method
2021 · External reference
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange using biogenic ZnO NPs synthesized via Vachellia nilotica (Babool) leaves extract
10.1016/j.hybadv.2024.100160 · 2024 · External reference
Non-metal doped ZnO and TiO2 photocatalysts for visible light active degradation of pharmaceuticals and hydrogen production: a review
2025 · External reference
Modified TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts for microplastic degradation: mechanisms, challenges, and recent advances
10.1007/s43630-026-00868-2 · 2026 · External reference
Synergistic roles of Ag+ and Ag0 in TiO2:Ag photocatalyst for enhanced solar-driven degradation of mixed dye pollutants
2025 · External reference
Ag-catalyzed strain engineering in ZnO for tailoring defects towards bacterial inactivation and removal of organic dyes for environmental sustainability
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.134460 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced visible-light photocatalysis via TiO2-based Ni-doped ZnO nanocomposites for sustainable dye degradation
10.1002/pssa.202500742 · 2026 · External reference
Nanocarbons decorated TiO2 as advanced nanocomposite fabric for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and ciprofloxacin
10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111435 · 2024 · External reference
Investigating the effect of hybrid sintering on photo-degradation efficiency of ZnO/TiO2 binary heterojunction against BBY dye for wastewater treatment
10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.238 · 2025 · External reference
Solar photocatalytic treatment of raw water from Kesses Dam using TiO2-ZnO co-doped photocatalytic membranes
10.1007/s11356-025-37145-1 · 2025 · External reference
ZnO@MnO2 heterojunctions for high-efficiency visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen generation
10.1016/j.inoche.2025.115447 · 2025 · External reference
TiO2-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
10.20517/microstructures.2024.06 · 2024 · External reference
MoS2–ZnO nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy conversion and solar applications
10.1016/j.physb.2021.413569 · 2022 · External reference
Orienting the charge transfer path of type-II heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.117853 · 2019 · External reference
Visible light driven type II heterostructures and their enhanced photocatalysis properties: a review
10.1039/c3nr01577g · 2013 · External reference
Recent advances in semiconductor heterojunctions and Z-schemes for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
10.1007/s41061-022-00406-5 · 2022 · External reference
A review of strategies to switch heterojunction system from type-II to S-scheme for photocatalytic applications
10.1016/j.mssp.2024.109051 · 2025 · External reference
Review on the application of semiconductor heterostructures in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: state-of-the-art and outlook
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c03429 · 2023 · External reference
Semiconductor photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution: critical role of cocatalysts in enhancing performance
10.1039/d5cc04459f · 2025 · External reference
Doped nanomaterials: application in hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting
10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128528 · 2023 · External reference
Defect-driven innovations in photocatalysts: pathways to enhanced photocatalytic applications
10.1002/inf2.70040 · 2025 · External reference
Recent advances in oxygen vacancies rich Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions for water treatment and hydrogen production
10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112112 · 2024 · External reference
Cocatalysts for photocatalytic overall water splitting: a mini review
10.3390/catal13020355 · 2023 · External reference
Dye-sensitized photocatalyst for effective water splitting catalyst
10.1080/14686996.2017.1375376 · 2017 · External reference
2023 roadmap on photocatalytic water splitting
2023 · External reference
Effects of sacrificial reagents on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over different photocatalysts
10.1007/s10853-017-0752-z · 2017 · External reference
Basics and advanced developments in photocatalysis – a review
2018 · External reference
Z-scheme CeO2-TiO2@CNT heterojunction for efficient photoredox removal of mix pollutants (CPF, MB, MO, and RhB)
2024 · External reference
Semiconductor composites: strategies for enhancing charge carrier separation to improve photocatalytic activity
10.1002/adfm.201303214 · 2013 · External reference
Heterostructured photoredox TiO2/CuO degraded mixed textile pollutants under natural sunlight irradiation
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2026.132119 · 2026 · External reference
Synthesis of type-II TiO2 nanoparticle/ZnO nanorods heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic activity
10.1016/j.matlet.2024.136672 · 2024 · External reference
Mechanochemical synthesis of ZnO@TiO2 II heterojunction material: photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial synergistic effect
10.1016/j.cej.2025.168624 · 2025 · External reference
Plant-mediated Z-scheme ZnO/TiO2-NCs for antibacterial potential and dye degradation: experimental and DFT study
10.1038/s41598-024-57392-5 · 2024 · External reference
Preparation, characterizations and photocatalytic activity of a ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite
10.1088/2053-1591/aa60d1 · 2017 · External reference
Investigation of phase transformations and photocatalytic properties of sol–gel prepared nanostructured ZnO/TiO2 composites
10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.071 · 2009 · External reference
Influence of annealing temperature on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–TiO2 composites for application in dye removal in water
10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100594 · 2020 · External reference
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposites and their application as photocatalysts
10.1186/2228-5326-3-5 · 2013 · External reference
10.1016/j.spmi.2014.09.029
10.1016/j.spmi.2014.09.029 · External reference
One-step hydrothermal preparation and characterization of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites for photocatalytic activity
10.1088/2053-1591/abaea4 · 2020 · External reference
Synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite for photocatalysis of a herbicide (Bentazon)
10.1080/19443994.2015.1060541 · 2016 · External reference
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO/MnO2 and ZnO/TiO2 flexible nanocomposites for energy storage applications
10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.253 · 2017 · External reference
Synthesis of zinc oxide/titanium dioxide (ZnO/TiO2) nanocomposites by wet incipient wetness impregnation method and preparation of ZnO/TiO2 paste using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.200 · 2016 · External reference
Synthesis of highly crystalline photocatalysts based on TiO2 and ZnO for the degradation of organic impurities under visible-light irradiation
10.1007/s10450-019-00011-x · 2019 · External reference
Fabrication of Ag/ZnO hollow nanospheres and cubic TiO2/ZnO heterojunction photocatalysts for RhB degradation
10.1515/ntrev-2021-0089 · 2021 · External reference
rGO functionalized ZnO–TiO2 core-shell flower-like architectures for visible light photocatalysis
10.3390/catal11030332 · 2021 · External reference
TiO2/ZnO nanofibers prepared by electrospinning and their photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue compared with TiO2 nanofibers
10.3390/app9163404 · 2019 · External reference
Green synthesis, characterisation, and performance evaluation of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite for cationic and anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions under solar irradiation
10.2166/wpt.2024.022 · 2024 · External reference
Morphological, structural and antibacterial behavior of eco-friendly of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized via Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract
10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.048 · 2021 · External reference
A novel lattice-embedded ZnO@TiO2(B) nanoflowers promotes photocatalytic production of H2
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.091 · 2022 · External reference
Robust S-scheme ZnO-TiO2-Ag with efficient charge separations for highly active hydrogen evolution performance and photocatalytic mechanism insight
10.1016/j.apcata.2023.119259 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of i molar ratios on the morphological, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposites for application in dye removal
10.1016/j.mssp.2021.105786 · 2021 · External reference
Facile synthesis of ZnO/TiO2 core-shell nanostructures and their photocatalytic activities
10.1166/jnn.2013.6730 · 2013 · External reference
Improvement of photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity of ZnO/TiO2 core/shell system through additional calcination: insight into the mechanism
10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.11.030 · 2017 · External reference
Improving photoelectrochemical activity of ZnO/TiO2 core–shell nanostructure through Ag nanoparticle integration
10.3390/catal11080911 · 2021 · External reference
Complex ZnO-TiO2 core–shell flower-like architectures with enhanced photocatalytic performance and superhydrophilicity without UV irradiation
10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01619 · 2018 · External reference
Combinatorial ALD for the growth of ZnO/TiO2 nanolaminates and mixed ZnO/TiO2 nanostructured films
10.1039/d1ma00726b · 2022 · External reference
Photocatalytic and gas sensitive multiwalled carbon nanotube/TiO2-ZnO and ZnO-TiO2 composites prepared by atomic layer deposition
10.3390/nano10020252 · 2020 · External reference
First example of ZnO−TiO2 nanocomposites by chemical vapor deposition: structure, morphology, composition, and gas sensing performances
10.1021/cm701990f · 2007 · External reference
Nano engineered synthesis layer by layer and transparent synergistic antimicrobial coating based on Se/Ag/TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures
10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110840 · 2023 · External reference
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid synthesis of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite catalyst with enhanced photovoltaic and photocatalytic performance
10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.05.104 · 2016 · External reference
Structural and optical properties of ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized with various molar ratios by hydrothermal technique
10.4028/p-37v3am · 2022 · External reference
ZnO/TiO2 photocatalytic nanocomposite for dye and bacteria removal in wastewater
10.1088/2053-1591/ad6bf2 · 2024 · External reference
Identification of trapping and recombination levels, structure, morphology, photoluminescence and optical absorption behavior of alloyed ZnxCd1−xS quantum dots
10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.06.104 · 2017 · External reference
Sun-powered wastewater treatment with a hydrogen bonus: unveiling the potential of ZnO-TiO2 nanoparticles
10.1007/s12649-024-02570-9 · 2024 · External reference
Mesoporous coupled ZnO/TiO2 photocatalyst nanocomposites for hydrogen generation
10.1063/1.4808263 · 2013 · External reference
TiO2–ZnO photocatalysts synthesized by sol–gel auto-ignition technique for hydrogen production
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.11.149 · 2017 · External reference
Hierarchical heterostructure of ZnO@TiO2 hollow spheres for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
10.1186/s11671-017-2304-5 · 2017 · External reference
Atomic layer deposition of ZnO on TiO2 nanofibers for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production
10.1007/s10562-020-03276-y · 2021 · External reference
Growth and photocatalytic activities of porous ZnO/TiO2 composite microspheres with crystalline–amorphous phase boundary
10.1007/s10562-020-03463-x · 2021 · External reference
Enhanced H2 production of TiO2/ZnO nanowires co-using solar and mechanical energy through piezo-photocatalytic effect
10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01480 · 2018 · External reference
Improved hydrogen production from water splitting using TiO2–ZnO mixed oxides photocatalysts
10.1016/j.fuel.2012.02.026 · 2012 · External reference
Structurally controlled ZnO/TiO2 heterostructures as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen generation from water without noble metals: the role of microporous amorphous/crystalline composite structure
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.044 · 2014 · External reference
ZnO coated anodic 1D TiO2 nanotube layers: efficient photo-electrochemical and gas sensing heterojunction
10.1002/adem.201700589 · 2018 · External reference
1D TiO2 photoanodes: a game-changer for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
10.1039/d4ra06254j · 2025 · External reference
ZnO/TiO2 heterojunction nanorod array for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
10.1016/j.ica.2024.122150 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance of ZIF-8-derived ZnO/TiO2 nano-burst-tube by solvothermal system adjustment
10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102768 · 2022 · External reference
ZnO-TiO2 core–shell nanowires: a sustainable photoanode for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00324 · 2018 · External reference
Fabrication and characterisation of ZnO@TiO2 core/shell nanowires using a versatile kinetics-controlled coating growth method
2022 · External reference
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for methylene orange and Rhodamine B dyes removal from water and photocatalytic hydrogen generation
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139426 · 2023 · External reference
Enhanced hydrogen generation using ZrO2-modified coupled ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites in the absence of noble metal co-catalyst
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.149 · 2014 · External reference
PtOx deposited Fe3O4-ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites for photocatalytic H2 production under visible light
10.1016/j.jece.2023.110615 · 2023 · External reference
Enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the ZnO–TiO2 heterojunction by supporting nanoscale Au islands
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.019 · 2021 · External reference
Hydrogen production by photocatalytic water-splitting on Pt-doped TiO2–ZnO under visible light
10.1016/j.jtice.2016.10.034 · 2017 · External reference
CdS QDs modified three-dimensional ordered hollow spherical ZnTiO3-ZnO-TiO2 composite with improved photocatalytic performance
10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162638 · 2022 · External reference
Construction of Z-scheme heterojunction TiO2-ZnO@Oxygen-doped gC3N4 composite for enhancing H2O2 photoproduction and removal of pharmaceutical pollutants under visible light
2023 · External reference
Tailoring dual S-Scheme based g-C3N4/ZnO/TiO2 ternary photocatalytic system immobilized on floating cork for environmental remediation
10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105914 · 2025 · External reference
Synthesis and characterisation ZnO/TiO2 incorporated activated carbon as photocatalyst for gas refinery effluent treatment
10.1016/j.poly.2023.116715 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of CeO2/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite: role of reduced bandgap and core-shell heterojunction morphology
2025 · External reference
Solar-energy-driven Cu-ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst for the rapid degradation of Congo red azo dye
10.3390/catal12060605 · 2022 · External reference
Facile fabrication of Z-scheme TiO2/ZnO@MCM-41 heterojunctions nanostructures for photodegradation and bioactivity performance
10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119990 · 2022 · External reference
Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange on ZnO–TiO2/SO42− heterojunction composites
10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112737 · 2022 · External reference
A new double Z-scheme TiO2/ZnO-g-C3N4 nanocomposite with enhanced photodegradation efficiency for Rhodamine B under sunlight
2022 · External reference
Metal organic framework-derived Bi2O3-ZnO/TiO2 nanofibers catalysts for enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue
10.1007/s10562-025-04968-z · 2025 · External reference
Core/shell ZnO/TiO2, SiO2/TiO2, Al2O3/TiO2, and Al1.9Co0.1O3/TiO2 nanoparticles for the photodecomposition of brilliant blue E-4BA
10.3390/inorganics12110281 · 2024 · External reference
CdSe quantum dots bedecked on ZnO/TiO2/CuO ternary nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications
10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01428 · 2023 · External reference
Investigation on solar photocatalytic degradation of various dyes in the presence of Er3+:YAlO3/ZnO–TiO2 composite
10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.031 · 2010 · External reference
Visible light photocatalytic activity of CeO2-ZnO-TiO2 composites for the degradation of rhodamine B
2014 · External reference
Synthesis and characterization of rectorite/ZnO/TiO2 composites and their properties of adsorption and photocatalysis for the removal of methylene blue dye
10.1007/s11595-018-1885-x · 2018 · External reference
Preparation and characterization of SnO2/ZnO/TiO2 composite semiconductor with enhanced photocatalytic activity
10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.05.078 · 2012 · External reference
Multi-functional CNT/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane for concurrent filtration and photocatalytic degradation
10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.016 · 2015 · External reference
Ag2O incorporated ZnO − TiO2 nanocomposite: ionic conductivity and photocatalytic degradation of an organic dye
10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108567 · 2021 · External reference
Eco-friendly fabrication of ZnO-TiO2-rGO nanocomposite for efficient adsorption-assisted organic dyes elimination
2024 · External reference
Synthesis of ZnO/TiO2–biochar from durian husk for efficient dye adsorption and degradation
10.1002/jctb.70038 · 2025 · External reference
Next-gen photocatalysts: solvent-free ZnO-TiO2-g-C3N4 composites for dye degradation and their antioxidant activity
10.1007/s11051-026-06555-8 · 2026 · External reference
High temperature synthesis of ZrO2-ZnO-TiO2 composite materials and their photocatalytic performance in ceramic glazes
10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.12.089 · 2026 · External reference
CS-biochar/ZnO/TiO2 for efficient photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine B: performance and mechanism insights
10.1007/s11270-024-07644-x · 2025 · External reference
Solar light assisted enhanced photocatalytic activity of smart ternary ZnO:TiO2:SnO2 nanocomposites
10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108671 · 2024 · External reference
A novel ZnO-TiO2-Bi2WO6/Carboxymethyl chitosan composite with high antimicrobial activity and visible-light catalytic degradation of ethylene towards banana preservation in hot and humid environments
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136559 · 2024 · External reference
High photo-recombination of Z-scheme h-BN @ ZnO/TiO2 tube like nanocrystal towards debasement of toxic organic pollutants
10.1007/s12649-023-02372-5 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced catalyst recovery and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue using a ZnO/TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite: physicochemical characteristics and environmental implications
10.1002/slct.202401463 · 2024 · External reference
Preparation of Fe3O4/TiO2/ZnO composite as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue: optimization and light source variations
10.14710/jksa.28.7.374-386 · 2025 · External reference
Gas-sensing mechanisms and detection optimization of ZnO/TiO2–MoTe2 composites for CF3SO2F decomposition products
10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02030 · 2025 · External reference
Fabrication of PVA/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite biofilm for multifunctional applications
10.1002/slct.202505380 · 2026 · External reference
Optical, morphological, electrical properties of ZnO-TiO2-SnO2/CeO2 semiconducting ternary nanocomposite
10.1016/j.apt.2021.02.042 · 2021 · External reference
Synthesis, characterization and efficiency of HAp-TiO2-ZnO composite as a promising photocatalytic material
10.1080/0371750x.2018.1512380 · 2018 · External reference
Z-scheme based photoactive ZnO:TiO2:CdO:g-C3N4 nanocomposites for advance oxidation process
10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.139366 · 2025 · External reference
PbO2 decorated ZnO-TiO2 core-shell nanoflower structures by zinc anodising for photo- and anodic degradation of reactive Black-5 dye
10.1088/2043-6254/abb238 · 2020 · External reference
Quantum heterostructured catalytic materials for selective multi-carbon green products
2026 · External reference
