Research graph
References from Probation duration: Do longer probation sentences increase public safety?. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
2011 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
The establishment and early years of the Federal Probation System
1987 · External reference
The role of race in probation monitoring and responses to probation violations among juvenile offenders in two jurisdictions
10.1037/law0000053 · 2015 · External reference
Reentry and the ties that bind: An examination of social ties, employment, and recidivism
10.1080/07418825.2010.498383 · 2011 · External reference
Race, ethnicity, threat and the Labeling of convicted felons*
10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00018.x · 2005 · External reference
Accountability and responsibility through restorative justice
2006 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Predicting two types of recidivism among newly released prisoners: First addresses as “launch pads” for recidivism or Reentry success
10.1177/0011128714555760 · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Covariate balancing propensity score for a continuous treatment: Application to the efficacy of political advertisements
10.1214/17-aoas1101 · 2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2022 · External reference
Expanding our understanding of focal concerns: Alternative sentences, race, and “salvageability.”
10.1080/07418825.2021.1954234 · 2022 · External reference
Examining probation violations: Who, what, and when
10.1177/0011128701047004003 · 2001 · External reference
Confinement as a two-stage turning point: Do changes in identity or social structure predict subsequent changes in criminal activity?*
10.1111/1745-9125.12262 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1969 · External reference
Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference
10.1093/pan/mpl013 · 2007 · External reference
Identifying causal mechanisms (primarily) based on inverse probability weighting
10.1002/jae.2341 · 2014 · External reference
Covariate balancing propensity score
10.1111/rssb.12027 · 2014 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Trials and tribulations: The trial tax and the process of punishment
10.1086/701713 · 2019 · External reference
The social context of guidelines circumvention: The case of Federal District Courts*
10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00125.x · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Have racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing declined?
10.1086/701505 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Factors associated with probation outcome
10.1016/0047-2352(94)90081-7 · 1994 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Predicting probation outcomes: Factors associated with probation rearrest, revocations, and technical violations during supervision
10.3818/jrp.2.1.2000.73 · 2000 · External reference
Violent offenders on probation: Profile, sentence, and outcome differences among domestic violence and other violent probationers
10.1177/10778010122183793 · 2001 · External reference
Discretion and disparity under sentencing guidelines revisited: The interrelationship between structured sentencing alternatives and guideline decision-making
10.1177/0022427819874862 · 2020 · External reference
Probation in the United States
10.1086/449262 · 1997 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Mass probation and inequality: Race, class, and gender disparities in supervision and revocation
2017 · External reference
The right tool for the job: Choosing between covariate balancing and generalized boosted model propensity scores
10.1097/ede.0000000000000734 · 2017 · External reference
Predicting success or failure on probation: Factors associated with felony probation outcomes
10.1177/0011128797043003005 · 1997 · External reference
Intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender, and age on criminal punishment
10.1177/0731121416679371 · 2017 · External reference
The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x · 1998 · External reference
Inequality on probation: An examination of differential probation outcomes
10.1080/15377938.2015.1030527 · 2016 · External reference
The theory of differential association
1972 · External reference
What are the costs and benefits of probation?
2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2017 · External reference
Conditions of contact: Reexamining the relationship between prison visitation and recidivism
2021 · External reference
Variation in trial penalties among serious violent offenses*
10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00059.x · 2006 · External reference
Organizational conformity and punishment: Federal Court Communities and judge initiated guideline departures
2017 · External reference
Trial penalties in Federal Sentencing: Extra-guidelines factors and district variation
10.1080/07418820902998063 · 2010 · External reference
Disproportional imprisonment of black and Hispanic males: Sentencing discretion, processing outcomes, and policy structures
10.1080/07418825.2014.958186 · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2016 · External reference
Utilizing behavioral interventions to improve supervision outcomes in community-based corrections
10.1177/0093854810397866 · 2011 · External reference
Segregation and group threat: Specifying Hispanic-White punishment disparity
10.1093/socpro/spad032 · 2025 · External reference
Identifying causal mechanisms (primarily) based on inverse probability weighting
10.1002/jae.2341 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Factors associated with probation outcome
10.1016/0047-2352(94)90081-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of race in probation monitoring and responses to probation violations among juvenile offenders in two jurisdictions
10.1037/law0000053 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Trial penalties in Federal Sentencing: Extra-guidelines factors and district variation
10.1080/07418820902998063 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reentry and the ties that bind: An examination of social ties, employment, and recidivism
10.1080/07418825.2010.498383 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Disproportional imprisonment of black and Hispanic males: Sentencing discretion, processing outcomes, and policy structures
10.1080/07418825.2014.958186 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Expanding our understanding of focal concerns: Alternative sentences, race, and “salvageability.”
10.1080/07418825.2021.1954234 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Inequality on probation: An examination of differential probation outcomes
10.1080/15377938.2015.1030527 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Probation in the United States
10.1086/449262 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Have racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing declined?
10.1086/701505 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Trials and tribulations: The trial tax and the process of punishment
10.1086/701713 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference
10.1093/pan/mpl013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Segregation and group threat: Specifying Hispanic-White punishment disparity
10.1093/socpro/spad032 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The right tool for the job: Choosing between covariate balancing and generalized boosted model propensity scores
10.1097/ede.0000000000000734 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Confinement as a two-stage turning point: Do changes in identity or social structure predict subsequent changes in criminal activity?*
10.1111/1745-9125.12262 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Race, ethnicity, threat and the Labeling of convicted felons*
10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00018.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01265.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Variation in trial penalties among serious violent offenses*
10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00059.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The social context of guidelines circumvention: The case of Federal District Courts*
10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00125.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Covariate balancing propensity score
10.1111/rssb.12027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining probation violations: Who, what, and when
10.1177/0011128701047004003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predicting two types of recidivism among newly released prisoners: First addresses as “launch pads” for recidivism or Reentry success
10.1177/0011128714555760 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predicting success or failure on probation: Factors associated with felony probation outcomes
10.1177/0011128797043003005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Discretion and disparity under sentencing guidelines revisited: The interrelationship between structured sentencing alternatives and guideline decision-making
10.1177/0022427819874862 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Utilizing behavioral interventions to improve supervision outcomes in community-based corrections
10.1177/0093854810397866 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender, and age on criminal punishment
10.1177/0731121416679371 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Violent offenders on probation: Profile, sentence, and outcome differences among domestic violence and other violent probationers
10.1177/10778010122183793 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Covariate balancing propensity score for a continuous treatment: Application to the efficacy of political advertisements
10.1214/17-aoas1101 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predicting probation outcomes: Factors associated with probation rearrest, revocations, and technical violations during supervision
10.3818/jrp.2.1.2000.73 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
