References

Challenges in evaluating surgical innovation

10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61086-2 · 2009 · External reference

No surgical innovation without evaluation: the IDEAL recommendations

10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61116-8 · 2009 · External reference

Phase III precision medicine clinical trial designs that integrate treatment and biomarker evaluation

2019 · External reference

Failures in phase III: causes and consequences

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0124 · 2015 · External reference

Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: experience with liver resection and transplantation in 198 patients

10.1007/bf01659064 · 1991 · External reference

Accelerated growth rates of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation

10.1002/1097-0142(19911115)68:10<2095::aid-cncr2820681002>3.0.co;2-y · 1991 · External reference

Hepatic resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1097/00000658-199109000-00005 · 1991 · External reference

Transplant oncology – current indications and strategies to advance the field

2024 · External reference

Evidence-based development of liver allocation: a review

10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01274.x · 2011 · External reference

A method for establishing allocation equity among patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma on a common liver transplant waiting list

10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.010 · 2014 · External reference

A multistep, consensus-based approach to organ allocation in liver transplantation: toward a “blended principle model.”

10.1111/ajt.13408 · 2015 · External reference

Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis

10.1056/nejm199603143341104 · 1996 · External reference

Milan criteria in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an evidence-based analysis of 15 years of experience

10.1002/lt.22365 · 2011 · External reference

Including mRECIST in the Metroticket 2.0 criteria improves prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma-related death after liver transplant

10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.018 · 2020 · External reference

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a model including α-fetoprotein improves the performance of milan criteria

10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.052 · 2012 · External reference

Enhancing the prognostic accuracy of the RETREAT score with AFP-L3 and DCP tumor markers

10.1097/lvt.0000000000000551 · 2025 · External reference

Transplant oncology: concept, history, and evolution

10.1016/b978-0-443-21901-6.00001-x · 2025 · External reference

Surgical technique of orthotopic liver transplantation

10.1016/s0889-8553(21)00342-3 · 1988 · External reference

Guidelines for selection of patients for liver transplantation in the era of donor-organ shortage

10.1016/s0140-6736(99)90002-8 · 1999 · External reference

The survival benefit of liver transplantation

10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00703.x · 2005 · External reference

EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1016/j.jhep.2024.08.028 · 2025 · External reference

The 2024 ILTS-ILCA consensus recommendations for liver transplantation for HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

2025 · External reference

National trends and waitlist outcomes of locoregional therapy among liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.048 · 2022 · External reference

International study on the outcome of locoregional therapy for liver transplant in hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria

2021 · External reference

Downstaging outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma: results from the multicenter evaluation of reduction in tumor size before liver transplantation (MERITS-LT) consortium

10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.033 · 2021 · External reference

Liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma after tumour downstaging (XXL): a randomised, controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30224-2 · 2020 · External reference

Downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation: results from a national multicenter prospective cohort study

10.1097/hep.0000000000001231 · 2025 · External reference

Downstaging hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and pooled analysis

10.1002/lt.24169 · 2015 · External reference

UNOS down-staging criteria for liver transplantation of hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies

10.1016/j.cgh.2022.02.018 · 2023 · External reference

Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant: long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria

10.1002/hep.27752 · 2015 · External reference

Ten-year outcomes of liver transplant and downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma

2022 · External reference

Personalised management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a multiparametric therapeutic hierarchy concept

10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00186-9 · 2023 · External reference

Conversion therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine: current status, challenges and opportunities

10.1111/cas.16194 · 2024 · External reference

Alpha-fetoprotein decrease from > 1,000 to < 500 ng/mL in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma leads to improved posttransplant outcomes

10.1002/hep.30413 · 2019 · External reference

Efficacy of liver transplantation after response to atezolizumab-bevacizumab downstaging of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (ImmunoXXL)

10.1016/j.jhep.2026.02.019 · 2026 · External reference

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: the next evolution in expanding access to liver transplantation

10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.037 · 2024 · External reference

Intention-to-treat outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immunotherapy before liver transplant: the multicenter VITALITY study

10.1016/j.jhep.2024.09.003 · 2025 · External reference

Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study

10.1016/s0140-6736(24)02551-0 · 2025 · External reference

Transarterial chemoembolisation combined with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus dual placebo for unresectable, non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (LEAP-012): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study

10.1016/s0140-6736(24)02575-3 · 2025 · External reference

Camrelizumab (C) plus rivoceranib (R) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) vs TACE alone in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC): a randomized, phase 3 trial

10.1200/jco.2026.44.16_suppl.4001 · 2026 · External reference

Efficacy and safety results from EMERALD-3: a phase 3, randomized study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab with or without lenvatinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in participants (pts) with unresectable embolization-eligible hepatoce…

10.1200/jco.2026.44.17_suppl.lba4000 · 2026 · External reference

LBA2 TALENTACE: a phase III, open-label, randomized study of on-demand transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with atezolizumab + bevacizumab (Atezo+Bev) or on-demand TACE alone in patients with systemically untreated, intermediate-to-high burde…

10.1016/j.annonc.2025.05.542 · 2025 · External reference

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1056/nejmoa1915745 · 2020 · External reference

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00403-9 · 2025 · External reference

Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1056/evidoa2100070 · 2022 · External reference

Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.030 · 2022 · External reference

Durvalumab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer: 3-year overall survival update from the phase III TOPAZ-1 study

10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.003 · 2025 · External reference

Impact of pre-transplant immune checkpoint inhibitor use on post-transplant outcomes in HCC: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.042 · 2025 · External reference

Beyond rejection risk: identifying ideal candidates for pretransplant immune checkpoint inhibitors for HCC

10.1097/lvt.0000000000000829 · 2026 · External reference

Pretransplant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study

10.1016/j.ajt.2024.04.007 · 2024 · External reference

Outcome and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who achieved a complete response to immunotherapy-based systemic therapy

10.1097/hep.0000000000001163 · 2025 · External reference

Five-year overall survival update from the HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable HCC

10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.033 · 2025 · External reference

Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00727-4 · 2023 · External reference

Durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer

10.1056/evidoa2200015 · 2022 · External reference

Probability of lymph node metastases in patients undergoing adequate lymphadenectomy during surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective multicenter study

10.1159/000541646 · 2024 · External reference

Survival benefit of adequate lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing liver resection for clinically node negative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

10.1016/s0168-8278(22)01888-8 · 2022 · External reference

Adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus capecitabine in node-positive extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: the STAMP randomized trial

10.1097/hep.0000000000000046 · 2023 · External reference

Incidence and prognostic values of lymph node metastasis in operable hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluation of routine complete lymphadenectomy

10.1002/jso.20772 · 2007 · External reference

Liver transplantation for “very early” intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: international retrospective study supporting a prospective assessment

10.1002/hep.28744 · 2016 · External reference

Analysis of liver resection versus liver transplantation on outcome of small intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of cirrhosis

10.1002/lt.25737 · 2020 · External reference

Survival following liver transplantation for locally advanced, unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

10.1111/ajt.16906 · 2022 · External reference

Liver transplantation for locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant therapy: a prospective case-series

10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30045-1 · 2018 · External reference

Hepatocellular cancer selection systems and liver transplantation: from the tower of babel to an ideal comprehensive score

10.1007/s13304-021-01078-4 · 2021 · External reference

Metroticket 2.0 model for analysis of competing risks of death after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.025 · 2018 · External reference

The prognostic impact of preoperative CA19-9 on resectable cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

2024 · External reference

The association of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 response with radiologic response and survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a prospective cohort study

10.1002/cncr.34854 · 2023 · External reference

Alpha-fetoprotein level > 1000 ng/mL as an exclusion criterion for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria

10.1002/lt.23904 · 2014 · External reference

Progression of alphafetoprotein before liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: a critical factor

10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02750.x · 2010 · External reference

Vascular resection and reconstruction in surgery for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma – single center experience with 59 vascular resections

10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110193 · 2025 · External reference

Liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after chemotherapy and radioembolization: an intention-to-treat study

10.3389/ti.2024.13641 · 2024 · External reference

Are patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumour thrombosis candidates for liver transplantation?

10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.032 · 2023 · External reference

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumour thrombosis after successful downstaging may be candidates for liver transplantation: a meta-analysis

10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.031 · 2024 · External reference

The clinical outcomes of patients with portal vein tumor thrombi after living donor liver transplantation

10.1002/lt.24782 · 2017 · External reference

Outcomes of Y90-radioembolization as downstaging to liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and tumoral portal vein thrombosis

10.1097/hep.0000000000001801 · 2026 · External reference

Deceased donor liver transplantation after radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumoral thrombosis: a pilot study

10.1002/lt.26257 · 2021 · External reference

Transarterial radioembolization can downstage intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to liver transplantation

10.1097/tp.0000000000005204 · 2025 · External reference

Laparoscopic liver resection facilitates salvage liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1007/s00534-009-0063-0 · 2009 · External reference

Resection prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1097/01.sla.0000098621.74851.65 · 2003 · External reference

Hypothermic oxygenated liver perfusion (hope) prevents tumor recurrence in liver transplantation from donation after circulatory death

10.1097/sla.0000000000004258 · 2020 · External reference

HCC recurrence in liver transplants treated with hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion: an international matched cohort study

2026 · External reference

The role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury and liver regeneration in hepatic tumour recurrence

2023 · External reference

Should we use living donor grafts for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma? Ethical considerations

2011 · External reference

Live donor liver transplantation for oncologic indications

10.1097/tp.0000000000005427 · 2025 · External reference

Evaluation of the intention-to-treat benefit of living donation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting a liver transplant

10.1001/jamasurg.2021.3112 · 2021 · External reference

Analysis of risk factors for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: key role of immunosuppression

10.1002/lt.20391 · 2005 · External reference

Sirolimus use in liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 3 trial

10.1097/tp.0000000000000965 · 2015 · External reference

Validation of a risk estimation of tumor recurrence after transplant (RETREAT) score for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplant

10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5116 · 2017 · External reference

Determining safe washout period for immune checkpoint inhibitors prior to liver transplantation: an international retrospective cohort study

10.1097/hep.0000000000001289 · 2025 · External reference

Balancing tumor response and rejection risk after pre-transplant immunotherapy: a scoping review

2026 · External reference

Immune checkpoint inhibitors as a neoadjuvant therapy pre-liver transplantation for hepatobiliary carcinoma

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.e14624 · 2025 · External reference

Humoral IgG1 responses to tumor antigens underpin clinical outcomes in immune checkpoint blockade

10.1038/s41591-025-04177-6 · 2026 · External reference

Trained immunity: induction of an inflammatory memory in disease

10.1038/s41422-025-01171-y · 2025 · External reference

Updates on liquid biopsy and ctDNA in transplant oncology

10.3390/cancers17121930 · 2025 · External reference

Feasibility of personalized and tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA assay for early recurrence detection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

2025 · External reference

Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA assay for surveillance post-liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma

10.21037/jgo-24-791 · 2025 · External reference

Plasma MicroRNA panel predicts early tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation

10.7150/jca.59612 · 2021 · External reference

Circulating tumor DNA profiling in liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal liver metastases: a programmatic proof of concept

10.3390/cancers16050927 · 2024 · External reference

Spatial immune scoring system predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

10.1038/s41586-025-08668-x · 2025 · External reference