Research graph
References from Multi-year, winter-specific wastewater surveillance during and after the COVID-19 pandemic reveals temporal changes in antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and bacterial communities. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02724-0 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Antibiotics misuse and antimicrobial resistance development in agriculture: a global challenge
10.1021/envhealth.4c00094 · 2024 · External reference
Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016-2023 and future projections through 2030
10.1073/pnas.2411919121 · 2024 · External reference
Wastewater surveillance reveals patterns of antibiotic resistance across the United States
2025 · External reference
Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for public health action: potential and challenges
10.1093/aje/kwae419 · 2025 · External reference
Wastewater-based epidemiology: global collaborative to maximize contributions in the fight against COVID-19
10.1021/acs.est.0c02388 · 2020 · External reference
Wastewater-based epidemiology for comprehensive community health diagnostics in a national surveillance study: mining biochemical markers in wastewater
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130989 · 2023 · External reference
Wastewater surveillance for infectious disease: a systematic review
10.1093/aje/kwac175 · 2023 · External reference
Making waves: plausible lead time for wastewater based epidemiology as an early warning system for COVID-19
10.1016/j.watres.2021.117438 · 2021 · External reference
Key considerations for pathogen surveillance in wastewater
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173862 · 2024 · External reference
Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage
10.1038/s41467-019-08853-3 · 2019 · External reference
Wastewater-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes associated with tuberculosis treatment regimen in kwazulu natal, South Africa
10.3390/antibiotics10111362 · 2021 · External reference
Tertiary-treated municipal wastewater is a significant point source of antibiotic resistance genes into Duluth-Superior Harbor
10.1021/es202775r · 2011 · External reference
Enhancing surveillance of antimicrobial resistant organisms in British Columbia through community-level wastewater testing
10.1038/s41598-025-32629-z · 2025 · External reference
Relating antimicrobial use to wastewater resistance gene patterns via metagenomic analysis of two neighboring treatment plants circa the COVID-19 pandemic
10.1038/s44259-025-00153-9 · 2025 · External reference
Heavy metal copper accelerates the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in freshwater microcosms
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137055 · 2020 · External reference
Antibiotic, heavy metal, and biocide concentrations in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving water body exceed PNEC limits: potential for antimicrobial resistance selective pressure
2023 · External reference
Wastewater treatment plants as a reservoir of integrase and antibiotic resistance genes – An epidemiological threat to workers and environment
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106641 · 2021 · External reference
Antibiotics in the environment: causes and consequences
10.15386/mpr-1742 · 2020 · External reference
Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a sewage treatment plant and its effluent-receiving river
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.040 · 2015 · External reference
Antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the effluent of urban residential areas, hospitals, and a municipal wastewater treatment plant system
10.1007/s11356-014-3665-2 · 2014 · External reference
Correlation of tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics with corresponding resistance genes and resistant bacteria in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.061 · 2012 · External reference
Antimicrobial consumption and drug utilization patterns among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients
10.1093/jac/dkad025 · 2023 · External reference
The overuse of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from 25 general hospitals in Shanxi, China
10.1186/s12879-025-12131-7 · 2025 · External reference
Gut microbiome alterations in COVID-19
10.1016/j.gpb.2021.09.004 · 2021 · External reference
Altered infective competence of the human gut microbiome in COVID-19
10.1186/s40168-023-01472-7 · 2023 · External reference
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions in the United States
10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00980 · 2020 · External reference
Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
10.3390/microbiolres14020052 · 2023 · External reference
Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater
10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.010 · 2013 · External reference
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring in rural and small metropolitan communities in Central Michigan
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165013 · 2023 · External reference
Seasonality of antibiotic prescriptions for outpatients and resistance genes in sewers and wastewater treatment plant outflow
10.1093/femsec/fiw060 · 2016 · External reference
Occurrence, seasonal variation, and microbial drivers of antibiotic resistance genes in a residential secondary water supply system
2026 · External reference
Primer set 2.0 for highly parallel qpcr array targeting antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements
10.1093/femsec/fiy130 · 2018 · External reference
A framework for standardized qPCR-targets and protocols for quantifying antibiotic resistance in surface water, recycled water and wastewater
10.1080/10643389.2021.2024739 · 2022 · External reference
A simple, accurate and universal method for quantification of PCR
10.1186/s12896-016-0256-y · 2016 · External reference
A database on the abundance of environmental antibiotic resistance genes
10.1038/s41597-024-03084-8 · 2024 · External reference
Abundance and dynamic distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment surrounding a veterinary antibiotic manufacturing site
2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Exploring abundance, diversity and variation of a widespread antibiotic resistance gene in wastewater treatment plants
10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.009 · 2018 · External reference
The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome
10.1073/pnas.2010217118 · 2021 · External reference
Use of azithromycin attributable to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection
10.1002/pds.5857 · 2024 · External reference
US hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin outpatient prescription trends, October 2019 through March 2020
10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2594 · 2020 · External reference
Changes in antibiotic prescribing following COVID-19 restrictions: lessons for post-pandemic antibiotic stewardship
10.1111/bcp.15000 · 2022 · External reference
Increasing consumption of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for patient health and emerging anti-microbial resistance
2023 · External reference
Trends in US outpatient antibiotic prescriptions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
10.1093/cid/ciaa1896 · 2021 · External reference
SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater reveals novel variants and biomarkers of infection
10.3390/v14092032 · 2022 · External reference
Altered oral and gut microbiota and its association with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization
10.1038/s41522-021-00232-5 · 2021 · External reference
Antimicrobial resistance transmission in the environmental settings through traditional and UV-enabled advanced wastewater treatment plants: a metagenomic insight
10.1186/s40793-024-00658-2 · 2025 · External reference
Proteobacteria: a common factor in human diseases
10.1155/2017/9351507 · 2017 · External reference
COVID-19 pandemic and water, sanitation, and hygiene: impacts, challenges, and mitigation strategies
10.1177/11786302211029447 · 2021 · External reference
Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), with a focus on hand hygiene, globally for community mitigation of COVID-19
10.1371/journal.pwat.0000027 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on early life gut microbiome
2025 · External reference
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment, waste management, and energy sectors: a deeper look into the long-term impacts
10.1007/s11356-022-20259-1 · 2022 · External reference
Global antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 71 countries, 2020–2022
10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101848 · 2023 · External reference
Azithromycin and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where we are now and where we are going
10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.016 · 2020 · External reference
Azithromycin and COVID-19: prompt early use at first signs of this infection in adults and children, an approach worthy of consideration
10.1111/dth.13785 · 2020 · External reference
Effect of Oral azithromycin vs placebo on COVID-19 symptoms in outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2021.11517 · 2021 · External reference
Azithromycin for treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a randomised, multicentre, open-label clinical trial (DAWn-AZITHRO)
10.1183/23120541.00610-2021 · 2022 · External reference
Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19: a review
10.1080/14787210.2020.1813024 · 2021 · External reference
Predicting in vitro and in vivo anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of antivirals by intracellular bioavailability and biochemical activity
10.1021/acsomega.2c05376 · 2022 · External reference
Azithromycin consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, 2020
2022 · External reference
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR: case study in a general hospital
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1584574 · 2025 · External reference
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on profiles of antibiotic-resistant genes and bacteria in hospital wastewater
10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122133 · 2023 · External reference
The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between evolutionarily distant bacteria
10.1128/msphere.00114-25 · 2025 · External reference
Enhydrobacter aerosaccus gen. Nov., sp. nov., a gas-vacuolated, Facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic rod
1987 · External reference
The microbiota and abundance of the class 1 Integron-integrase gene in tropical sewage treatment plant influent and activated sludge
10.1371/journal.pone.0131532 · 2015 · External reference
Characterization of influent wastewater with periodic variation and snow melting effect in cold climate area
10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.06.009 · 2017 · External reference
Analysis of seasonal variation of antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract diagnoses in primary care practices
10.1017/ash.2023.418 · 2023 · External reference
Biomarkers of antibiotic resistance genes during seasonal changes in wastewater treatment systems
10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.048 · 2018 · External reference
Effect of Oral azithromycin vs placebo on COVID-19 symptoms in outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2021.11517 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
US hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin outpatient prescription trends, October 2019 through March 2020
10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2594 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Use of azithromycin attributable to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection
10.1002/pds.5857 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the effluent of urban residential areas, hospitals, and a municipal wastewater treatment plant system
10.1007/s11356-014-3665-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment, waste management, and energy sectors: a deeper look into the long-term impacts
10.1007/s11356-022-20259-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a sewage treatment plant and its effluent-receiving river
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.040 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Characterization of influent wastewater with periodic variation and snow melting effect in cold climate area
10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.06.009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 71 countries, 2020–2022
10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101848 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exploring abundance, diversity and variation of a widespread antibiotic resistance gene in wastewater treatment plants
10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wastewater treatment plants as a reservoir of integrase and antibiotic resistance genes – An epidemiological threat to workers and environment
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106641 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Biomarkers of antibiotic resistance genes during seasonal changes in wastewater treatment systems
10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.048 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on profiles of antibiotic-resistant genes and bacteria in hospital wastewater
10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122133 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiome alterations in COVID-19
10.1016/j.gpb.2021.09.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Azithromycin and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where we are now and where we are going
10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.016 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wastewater-based epidemiology for comprehensive community health diagnostics in a national surveillance study: mining biochemical markers in wastewater
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130989 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Correlation of tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics with corresponding resistance genes and resistant bacteria in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.061 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Heavy metal copper accelerates the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in freshwater microcosms
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137055 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring in rural and small metropolitan communities in Central Michigan
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Key considerations for pathogen surveillance in wastewater
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173862 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial residues and bacterial community composition in urban wastewater
10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Making waves: plausible lead time for wastewater based epidemiology as an early warning system for COVID-19
10.1016/j.watres.2021.117438 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02724-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Analysis of seasonal variation of antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract diagnoses in primary care practices
10.1017/ash.2023.418 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wastewater-based epidemiology: global collaborative to maximize contributions in the fight against COVID-19
10.1021/acs.est.0c02388 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predicting in vitro and in vivo anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of antivirals by intracellular bioavailability and biochemical activity
10.1021/acsomega.2c05376 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibiotics misuse and antimicrobial resistance development in agriculture: a global challenge
10.1021/envhealth.4c00094 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tertiary-treated municipal wastewater is a significant point source of antibiotic resistance genes into Duluth-Superior Harbor
10.1021/es202775r · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage
10.1038/s41467-019-08853-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Altered oral and gut microbiota and its association with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization
10.1038/s41522-021-00232-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A database on the abundance of environmental antibiotic resistance genes
10.1038/s41597-024-03084-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhancing surveillance of antimicrobial resistant organisms in British Columbia through community-level wastewater testing
10.1038/s41598-025-32629-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Relating antimicrobial use to wastewater resistance gene patterns via metagenomic analysis of two neighboring treatment plants circa the COVID-19 pandemic
10.1038/s44259-025-00153-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome
10.1073/pnas.2010217118 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016-2023 and future projections through 2030
10.1073/pnas.2411919121 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A framework for standardized qPCR-targets and protocols for quantifying antibiotic resistance in surface water, recycled water and wastewater
10.1080/10643389.2021.2024739 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19: a review
10.1080/14787210.2020.1813024 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wastewater surveillance for infectious disease: a systematic review
10.1093/aje/kwac175 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for public health action: potential and challenges
10.1093/aje/kwae419 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Trends in US outpatient antibiotic prescriptions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
10.1093/cid/ciaa1896 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Seasonality of antibiotic prescriptions for outpatients and resistance genes in sewers and wastewater treatment plant outflow
10.1093/femsec/fiw060 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Primer set 2.0 for highly parallel qpcr array targeting antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements
10.1093/femsec/fiy130 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antimicrobial consumption and drug utilization patterns among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients
10.1093/jac/dkad025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Changes in antibiotic prescribing following COVID-19 restrictions: lessons for post-pandemic antibiotic stewardship
10.1111/bcp.15000 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Azithromycin and COVID-19: prompt early use at first signs of this infection in adults and children, an approach worthy of consideration
10.1111/dth.13785 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between evolutionarily distant bacteria
10.1128/msphere.00114-25 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Proteobacteria: a common factor in human diseases
10.1155/2017/9351507 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
COVID-19 pandemic and water, sanitation, and hygiene: impacts, challenges, and mitigation strategies
10.1177/11786302211029447 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Azithromycin for treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a randomised, multicentre, open-label clinical trial (DAWn-AZITHRO)
10.1183/23120541.00610-2021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The overuse of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from 25 general hospitals in Shanxi, China
10.1186/s12879-025-12131-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A simple, accurate and universal method for quantification of PCR
10.1186/s12896-016-0256-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Altered infective competence of the human gut microbiome in COVID-19
10.1186/s40168-023-01472-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antimicrobial resistance transmission in the environmental settings through traditional and UV-enabled advanced wastewater treatment plants: a metagenomic insight
10.1186/s40793-024-00658-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The microbiota and abundance of the class 1 Integron-integrase gene in tropical sewage treatment plant influent and activated sludge
10.1371/journal.pone.0131532 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), with a focus on hand hygiene, globally for community mitigation of COVID-19
10.1371/journal.pwat.0000027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions in the United States
10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00980 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibiotics in the environment: causes and consequences
10.15386/mpr-1742 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR: case study in a general hospital
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1584574 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wastewater-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes associated with tuberculosis treatment regimen in kwazulu natal, South Africa
10.3390/antibiotics10111362 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
10.3390/microbiolres14020052 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater reveals novel variants and biomarkers of infection
10.3390/v14092032 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
