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References from Alpha-lipoic acid as a trigger of insulin autoimmune syndrome: Current evidence, a case-based approach, diagnostic pitfalls, and practical management. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Insulin autoimmune syndrome: from diagnosis to clinical management
10.21037/atm.2018.07.32 · 2018 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by exogenous insulin injection: a four-case series
10.1186/s12902-019-0482-0 · 2019 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata disease): a comprehensive review fifty years after its first description
10.2147/dmso.s219438 · 2020 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome: a Chinese expert consensus statement
2025 · External reference
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome possibly caused by alpha lipoic acid
10.2169/internalmedicine.46.1893 · 2007 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by α-lipoic acid in a Caucasian woman: case report
10.2337/dc11-0600 · 2011 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata Disease) in European Caucasians taking α-lipoic acid
10.1111/cen.12334 · 2014 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata Disease): an updated review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management
2026 · External reference
Management of Insulin Autoimmune Hypoglycaemia: Single-centre experience from Western India with systematic review of world literature
10.1111/cen.14174 · 2020 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome: a systematic review
2023 · External reference
Continuous glucose monitoring and Rituximab treatment in insulin autoimmune syndrome
10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102294 · 2021 · External reference
Recurrent hypoglycemia from insulin autoimmune syndrome
10.1007/s11606-013-2588-9 · 2014 · External reference
Nationwide survey of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in Japan (2017-2018): Congenital hyperinsulinism, insulinoma, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome and insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata's disease)
10.1111/jdi.13180 · 2020 · External reference
Autoimmune forms of hypoglycemia
10.1097/md.0b013e3181a5b42e · 2009 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata disease): clinical features and epidemiology in Japan
10.1016/0168-8227(94)90040-x · 1994 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome in a 3-year-old boy: the youngest to date in China and a narrow review
10.1186/s12887-025-05395-0 · 2025 · External reference
Comparison of patient characteristics between East Asian and non-East Asian patients with insulin autoimmune syndrome
10.1111/cen.14634 · 2022 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome in an occidental woman: a case report and literature review
10.20945/2359-3997000000078 · 2018 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome in a patient with viral hepatitis C
10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01604.x · 2002 · External reference
Long COVID-19 and Insulin Autoimmune syndrome: a case report
10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.06.026 · 2023 · External reference
Clopidogrel as a distinctive cause of insulin autoimmune syndrome: a systematic case review
10.2147/dmso.s418845 · 2023 · External reference
Persistent insulin autoimmune syndrome in a caucasian Male in the absence of triggers
2024 · External reference
Drug-induced insulin autoimmune syndrome: a clinico-epidemiological analysis integrating pharmacovigilance data and case series
10.1186/s13098-025-01952-w · 2025 · External reference
Non-Diabetic hypoglycemia: evaluation and management in adults
10.3390/jcm14134393 · 2025 · External reference
Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
10.1210/jc.2008-1410 · 2009 · External reference
Endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: case series and literature review
10.1007/s12020-022-03268-5 · 2023 · External reference
Increased C-Peptide immunoreactivity in insulin Autoimmune syndrome (Hirata disease) due to high molecular weight proinsulin
10.1093/clinchem/hvab043 · 2021 · External reference
Diagnostic efficacy of fasting insulin-to-C-peptide ratio in exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome
2026 · External reference
Can the molar insulin: C-Peptide ratio be used to predict hyperinsulinaemia?
10.3390/biomedicines8050108 · 2020 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome diagnosis and therapy in a single Chinese Center
10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.03.009 · 2019 · External reference
Clonally restricted insulin autoantibodies in a cohort of 2200 healthy blood donors
10.1007/bf00400341 · 1990 · External reference
The side effects of antithyroid drugs
10.1097/00019616-199911000-00008 · 1999 · External reference
Differential immunogenetic determinants of polyclonal insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata's disease) and monoclonal insulin autoimmune syndrome
10.2337/diab.44.10.1227 · 1995 · External reference
Complete laboratory diagnosis of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
2023 · External reference
Diagnosis of insulin autoimmune syndrome using polyethylene glycol precipitation and gel filtration chromatography with ex vivo insulin exchange
10.1111/cen.13179 · 2017 · External reference
Assessment and management of anti-insulin autoantibodies in varying presentations of insulin Autoimmune syndrome
10.1210/jc.2018-00972 · 2018 · External reference
Insulinomas: from diagnosis to treatment. A review of the literature
2020 · External reference
Insulinoma presenting as postprandial hypoglycaemia
10.1136/bcr.07.2011.4477 · 2011 · External reference
NANETS consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor
10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181ebaffd · 2010 · External reference
Insulinoma with concomitant insulin antibodies
2021 · External reference
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT: how is it reliable in imaging of cases having clinical suspicion of insulinomas?
10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111669 · 2024 · External reference
68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging in endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: a tertiary endocrine centre experience
10.1111/cen.14586 · 2022 · External reference
Role of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in insulinoma according to 3 different contexts: a retrospective Study
10.1097/rlu.0000000000004126 · 2022 · External reference
Comparison of PET/CT using 68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 with 68Ga-DOTATATE, 18F-FDG, and conventional imaging in the localization of insulinomas
10.1007/s00259-025-07288-x · 2025 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome: a case report highlighting diagnostic pitfalls
2024 · External reference
Systematic review-type B insulin resistance with isolated hypoglycemia and suppressed insulin
10.1210/clinem/dgad467 · 2024 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome - a case series
2020 · External reference
Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia: an overview for optimal clinical guidance
10.1016/j.metop.2024.100305 · 2024 · External reference
Uncooked cornstarch for the prevention of hypoglycemic events
10.1080/10408398.2020.1864617 · 2022 · External reference
Hydrothermally modified slow release corn starch: a potential new therapeutic option for treating hypoglycemia in autoimmune hypoglycemia (Hirata's disease)
10.1038/ejcn.2015.151 · 2015 · External reference
Long-term treatment with acarbose for the treatment of reactive hypoglycemia
10.1007/bf03340001 · 1998 · External reference
Critical evaluation of the role of acarbose in the treatment of diabetes: patient considerations
10.2147/dmso.s28340 · 2012 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of diazoxide for treating hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1371/journal.pone.0246463 · 2021 · External reference
Somatostatin analogues for the treatment of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
10.1177/2042018820965068 · 2020 · External reference
Steroid-Refractory insulin Autoimmune Syndrome treated with rituximab and continuous glucose monitoring
2021 · External reference
Successful treatment of type B insulin resistance with rituximab
10.1210/jc.2014-3552 · 2015 · External reference
Novel management of Insulin autoimmune Syndrome with Rituximab and continuous glucose monitoring
10.1210/jc.2016-1097 · 2016 · External reference
Severe autoimmune hypoglycemia with insulin antibodies necessitating plasmapheresis
10.4158/ep.10.1.49 · 2004 · External reference
Use of the continuous glucose monitoring system to treat insulin autoimmune syndrome: quantification of glucose excursions and evaluation of treatment efficacy
10.1111/dme.12418 · 2014 · External reference
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata disease) as differential diagnosis in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
10.1097/01.mpa.0000220872.18153.72 · 2006 · External reference
Drug-Induced insulin autoimmune syndrome: a FAERS database and network pharmacology analysis
10.2174/0118715303382179250808052834 · 2025 · External reference
A case report of insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by drugs for colorectal cancer
10.1097/md.0000000000045456 · 2025 · External reference
Imaging of the buffering effect of insulin antibodies in the autoimmune hypoglycemic syndrome
1998 · External reference
Alpha-Lipoic acid: biological mechanisms and health benefits
10.3390/antiox13101228 · 2024 · External reference
Alpha-lipoic Acid and diabetic neuropathy
10.1900/rds.2009.6.230 · 2009 · External reference
Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
10.1186/s12902-026-02238-6 · 2026 · External reference
The effect of alpha‐lipoic acid on inflammatory markers and body composition in obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
10.1111/jcpt.12784 · 2019 · External reference
Scientific opinion on the relationship between intake of alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid) and the risk of insulin autoimmune syndrome
10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6577 · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of the clinical characteristics of insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by methimazole
10.1111/jcpt.13307 · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of the clinical characteristics of insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by alpha-lipoic acid
10.1111/jcpt.13427 · 2021 · External reference
Possible relevance of HLA-DRB1*0403 haplotype in insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by alpha-lipoic acid, used as a dietary supplement
10.2337/dc07-1636 · 2007 · External reference
Hla DRB1*0415: a new possible genetic susceptibility factor for Hirata's disease
10.1007/s12020-019-02132-3 · 2020 · External reference
A case of insulin autoimmune syndrome in an Indian Male taking alpha-lipoic acid
2023 · External reference
Alpha-lipoic acid induced insulin autoimmune antibody syndrome
10.1186/s43162-024-00331-7 · 2024 · External reference
P-23 Insulin autoimmune syndrome possibly induced by Alpha-Lipoic acid
2024 · External reference
Hirata syndrome clinical presentation and management: a single-centre experience
2025 · External reference
A case of hirata syndrome in pregnancy induced by α-Lipoic acid: diagnosis and management
10.1016/j.aed.2025.03.012 · 2025 · External reference
Autoimmune hypoglycemia due to alpha-lipoic acid: report of two cases
10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_58_25 · 2025 · External reference
Unmasking Hirata: a mysterious case of Hypoglycemia triggered by immunologic storm
10.1093/omcr/omaf289 · 2026 · External reference
