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References from An epigenetic program dictates MYC amplification dynamics that promote transient, extrachromosomal, and inherited genomic events. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Clinical phenotype of the recurrent 1q21.1 copy-number variant
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Location of a major susceptibility locus for familial schizophrenia on chromosome 1q21-q22
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Extrachromosomal DNA-relieving heredity constraints, accelerating tumour evolution
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Different Facets of Copy Number Changes: Permanent, Transient, and Adaptive
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The importance of copy number variation in congenital heart disease
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Connecting the dots: Epigenetic regulation of extrachromosomal and inherited DNA amplifications
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Extrachromosomal DNA: An Emerging Hallmark in Human Cancer
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Circular DNA elements of chromosomal origin are common in healthy human somatic tissue
10.1038/s41467-018-03369-8 · 2018 · External reference
Extrachromosomal DNA in cancer
10.1038/s41568-024-00669-8 · 2024 · External reference
Extrachromosomal DNA is associated with oncogene amplification and poor outcome across multiple cancers
10.1038/s41588-020-0678-2 · 2020 · External reference
Exploring the landscape of focal amplifications in cancer using AmpliconArchitect
10.1038/s41467-018-08200-y · 2019 · External reference
Life of double minutes: generation, maintenance, and elimination
10.1007/s00412-022-00773-4 · 2022 · External reference
Novel submicroscopic extrachromosomal elements containing amplified genes in human cells
10.1038/327434a0 · 1987 · External reference
Ultrastructural features of minute chromosomes in a methotrexate-resistant mouse 3T3 cell line
10.1073/pnas.82.4.1126 · 1985 · External reference
Circular ecDNA promotes accessible chromatin and high oncogene expression
10.1038/s41586-019-1763-5 · 2019 · External reference
ATAC-seq identifies thousands of extrachromosomal circular DNA in cancer and cell lines
10.1126/sciadv.aba2489 · 2020 · External reference
Amplified human MYC oncogenes localized to replicating submicroscopic circular DNA molecules
10.1073/pnas.85.13.4804 · 1988 · External reference
Elimination of extrachromosomally amplified MYC genes from human tumor cells reduces their tumorigenicity
10.1073/pnas.89.17.8165 · 1992 · External reference
Live-Cell Imaging Shows Uneven Segregation of Extrachromosomal DNA Elements and Transcriptionally Active Extrachromosomal DNA Hubs in Cancer
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1376 · 2022 · External reference
The evolutionary dynamics of extrachromosomal DNA in human cancers
10.1038/s41588-022-01177-x · 2022 · External reference
Binomial mitotic segregation of MYCN-carrying double minutes in neuroblastoma illustrates the role of randomness in oncogene amplification
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Chromothripsis drives the evolution of gene amplification in cancer
10.1038/s41586-020-03064-z · 2021 · External reference
Coordinated inheritance of extrachromosomal DNAs in cancer cells
10.1038/s41586-024-07861-8 · 2024 · External reference
Have double minutes functioning centromeres?
10.1111/j.1601-5223.1978.tb01606.x · 1978 · External reference
Unstable amplification of an altered dihydrofolate reductase gene associated with double-minute chromosomes
10.1016/0092-8674(81)90204-x · 1981 · External reference
Selective multiplication of dihydrofolate reductase genes in methotrexate-resistant variants of cultured murine cells
10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34875-5 · 1978 · External reference
Amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes in unstably methotrexate-resistant cells are associated with double minute chromosomes
10.1073/pnas.76.11.5669 · 1979 · External reference
Induction of differentiation in HL60 cells by the reduction of extrachromosomally amplified c-myc
10.1073/pnas.91.14.6674 · 1994 · External reference
ecDNA hubs drive cooperative intermolecular oncogene expression
10.1038/s41586-021-04116-8 · 2021 · External reference
Functional Enhancers Shape Extrachromosomal Oncogene Amplifications
10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.039 · 2019 · External reference
Oncogenic extrachromosomal DNA functions as mobile enhancers to globally amplify chromosomal transcription
10.1016/j.ccell.2021.03.006 · 2021 · External reference
Extrachromosomal oncogene amplification drives tumour evolution and genetic heterogeneity
10.1038/nature21356 · 2017 · External reference
Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and Is Associated with Worse Outcomes
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0796 · 2023 · External reference
Circular extrachromosomal DNA promotes tumor heterogeneity in high-risk medulloblastoma
10.1038/s41588-023-01551-3 · 2023 · External reference
Extrachromosomal DNA in the cancerous transformation of Barrett’s oesophagus
10.1038/s41586-023-05937-5 · 2023 · External reference
Low-level copy number changes of MYC genes have a prognostic impact in medulloblastoma
10.1007/s11060-010-0289-3 · 2011 · External reference
Prognostic value of chromosome 1q21 gain by fluorescent in situ hybridization and increase CKS1B expression in myeloma
10.1038/sj.leu.2404403 · 2006 · External reference
Overexpression of PDZK1 within the 1q12-q22 amplicon is likely to be associated with drug-resistance phenotype in multiple myeloma
10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63276-2 · 2004 · External reference
Low-level copy gain versus amplification of myc oncogenes in medulloblastoma: utility in predicting prognosis and survival. Laboratory investigation
10.3171/2008.10.peds08105 · 2009 · External reference
Cyclin E amplification/overexpression is a mechanism of trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer patients
10.1073/pnas.1014835108 · 2011 · External reference
Reflecting on 25 years with MYC
10.1038/nrc2231 · 2008 · External reference
MYC on the path to cancer
10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.003 · 2012 · External reference
Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas
10.1016/j.cels.2018.03.003 · 2018 · External reference
The c-myc oncogene driven by immunoglobulin enhancers induces lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice
10.1038/318533a0 · 1985 · External reference
COSMIC: the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer
10.1093/nar/gky1015 · 2019 · External reference
MYC as a Target for Cancer Treatment: from Undruggable to Druggable?
10.1007/s11523-025-01169-x · 2025 · External reference
MYC Deregulation in Primary Human Cancers
10.3390/genes8060151 · 2017 · External reference
The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers
10.1038/nature08822 · 2010 · External reference
Amplification of endogenous myc-related DNA sequences in a human myeloid leukaemia cell line
10.1038/298679a0 · 1982 · External reference
Homogeneously staining chromosomal regions contain amplified copies of an abundantly expressed cellular oncogene (c-myc) in malignant neuroendocrine cells from a human colon carcinoma
10.1073/pnas.80.6.1707 · 1983 · External reference
Gene amplification as double minutes or homogeneously staining regions in solid tumors: origin and structure
10.1101/gr.106252.110 · 2010 · External reference
Differential expression of the translocated and the untranslocated c-myc oncogene in Burkitt lymphoma
10.1126/science.6414084 · 1983 · External reference
Deregulation of the proto-oncogene c-myc through t(8;22) translocation in Burkitt’s lymphoma
10.1038/sj.onc.1202468 · 1999 · External reference
MYC ecDNA promotes intratumour heterogeneity and plasticity in PDAC
10.1038/s41586-025-08721-9 · 2025 · External reference
MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities
10.1002/1878-0261.13319 · 2022 · External reference
Microinjected c-myc as a competence factor
10.1126/science.4001943 · 1985 · External reference
Non-transcriptional control of DNA replication by c-Myc
10.1038/nature05953 · 2007 · External reference
Chromothripsis and ecDNA initiated by N4BP2 nuclease fragmentation of cytoplasm-exposed chromosomes
10.1126/science.ado0977 · 2025 · External reference
An increase in MYC copy number has a progressive negative prognostic impact in patients with diffuse large B-cell and high-grade lymphoma, who may benefit from intensified treatment regimens
10.3324/haematol.2019.223891 · 2020 · External reference
Extrachromosomal DNA biogenesis is dependent on DNA looping and religation by YY1-Lig3-PARylation complex
10.1016/j.molcel.2025.07.007 · 2025 · External reference
Cross-talk between Lysine-Modifying Enzymes Controls Site-Specific DNA Amplifications
10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.018 · 2018 · External reference
Epigenetic balance ensures mechanistic control of MLL amplification and rearrangement
10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.009 · 2023 · External reference
Histone Lysine Methylation Dynamics Control EGFR DNA Copy-Number Amplification
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0463 · 2020 · External reference
Regulation of Transient Site-specific Copy Gain by MicroRNA
10.1074/jbc.m115.711648 · 2016 · External reference
KDM4A lysine demethylase induces site-specific copy gain and rereplication of regions amplified in tumors
10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.051 · 2013 · External reference
Epigenetic modulators provide a path to understanding disease and therapeutic opportunity
10.1101/gad.351444.123 · 2024 · External reference
20 years of histone lysine demethylases: From discovery to the clinic and beyond
10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.023 · 2025 · External reference
Hypoxia drives transient site-specific copy gain and drug-resistant gene expression
10.1101/gad.259796.115 · 2015 · External reference
The Fanconi anemia pathway induces chromothripsis and ecDNA-driven cancer drug resistance
10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.001 · 2024 · External reference
Acquired Cross-Resistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer due to Extrachromosomal DNA Amplification of MYC Paralogs
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0656 · 2024 · External reference
Multi-region exome sequencing reveals the intratumoral heterogeneity of surgically resected small cell lung cancer
10.1038/s41467-021-25787-x · 2021 · External reference
Effects of hydroxyurea on extrachromosomal DNA in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas
2001 · External reference
Telomerase expression in human somatic cells does not induce changes associated with a transformed phenotype
10.1038/5056 · 1999 · External reference
Chromosome segregation errors as a cause of DNA damage and structural chromosome aberrations
10.1126/science.1210214 · 2011 · External reference
Chromothripsis and Kataegis Induced by Telomere Crisis
10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.054 · 2015 · External reference
A cell-based model system links chromothripsis with hyperploidy
10.15252/msb.20156505 · 2015 · External reference
Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei
10.1038/nature14493 · 2015 · External reference
Histone demethylase KDM4C controls tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by epigenetically regulating p53 and c-Myc
10.1038/s41419-020-03380-2 · 2021 · External reference
KDM4C inhibition blocks tumor growth in basal breast cancer by promoting cathepsin L-mediated histone H3 cleavage
10.1038/s41588-025-02197-z · 2025 · External reference
Reversal of histone lysine trimethylation by the JMJD2 family of histone demethylases
10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.028 · 2006 · External reference
The putative oncogene GASC1 demethylates tri- and dimethylated lysine 9 on histone H3
10.1038/nature04837 · 2006 · External reference
The demethylase JMJD2C localizes to H3K4me3-positive transcription start sites and is dispensable for embryonic development
10.1128/mcb.00864-13 · 2014 · External reference
Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets
2019 · External reference
Design of KDM4 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Effects in Cancer Models
10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00220 · 2017 · External reference
Opposing Chromatin Signals Direct and Regulate the Activity of Lysine Demethylase 4C (KDM4C)
10.1074/jbc.m115.696864 · 2016 · External reference
Continual removal of H3K9 promoter methylation by Jmjd2 demethylases is vital for ESC self-renewal and early development
10.15252/embj.201593317 · 2016 · External reference
RBP2 belongs to a family of demethylases, specific for tri-and dimethylated lysine 4 on histone 3
10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.003 · 2007 · External reference
PLU-1 is an H3K4 demethylase involved in transcriptional repression and breast cancer cell proliferation
10.1016/j.molcel.2007.03.001 · 2007 · External reference
The X-linked mental retardation gene SMCX/JARID1C defines a family of histone H3 lysine 4 demethylases
10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.017 · 2007 · External reference
The Trithorax group protein Lid is a trimethyl histone H3K4 demethylase required for dMyc-induced cell growth
10.1101/gad.1523007 · 2007 · External reference
The retinoblastoma binding protein RBP2 is an H3K4 demethylase
10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.013 · 2007 · External reference
Structural analysis of human KDM5B guides histone demethylase inhibitor development
10.1038/nchembio.2087 · 2016 · External reference
KDM5B regulates embryonic stem cell self-renewal and represses cryptic intragenic transcription
10.1038/emboj.2011.91 · 2011 · External reference
Dynamic histone H3 methylation during gene induction: HYPB/Setd2 mediates all H3K36 trimethylation
10.1038/sj.emboj.7601967 · 2008 · External reference
A novel domain in Set2 mediates RNA polymerase II interaction and couples histone H3 K36 methylation with transcript elongation
10.1128/mcb.25.8.3305-3316.2005 · 2005 · External reference
Selective suppression of antisense transcription by Set2-mediated H3K36 methylation
10.1038/ncomms13610 · 2016 · External reference
Conformational-Design-Driven Discovery of EZM0414: A Selective, Potent SETD2 Inhibitor for Clinical Studies
10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00167 · 2022 · External reference
TACH101, a first-in-class pan-inhibitor of KDM4 histone demethylase
10.1097/cad.0000000000001514 · 2023 · External reference
MYC and the control of apoptosis
10.1101/cshperspect.a014407 · 2014 · External reference
c-Myc-induced sensitization to apoptosis is mediated through cytochrome c release
10.1101/gad.13.11.1367 · 1999 · External reference
Reversible activation of c-Myc in skin: induction of a complex neoplastic phenotype by a single oncogenic lesion
10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80350-0 · 1999 · External reference
MYC sensitises cells to apoptosis by driving energetic demand
10.1038/s41467-022-32368-z · 2022 · External reference
Deconstructing myc
10.1101/gad928101 · 2001 · External reference
Mediation of c-Myc-induced apoptosis by p53
10.1126/science.8091232 · 1994 · External reference
How does p53 induce apoptosis and how does this relate to p53-mediated tumour suppression?
10.1038/cdd.2017.169 · 2018 · External reference
p53: 800 million years of evolution and 40 years of discovery
10.1038/s41568-020-0262-1 · 2020 · External reference
Surfing the p53 network
10.1038/35042675 · 2000 · External reference
Myc-mediated apoptosis requires wild-type p53 in a manner independent of cell cycle arrest and the ability of p53 to induce p21waf1/cip1
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Origins and impact of extrachromosomal DNA
10.1038/s41586-024-08107-3 · 2024 · External reference
Integrated Analysis of TP53 Gene and Pathway Alterations in The Cancer Genome Atlas
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Mechanisms generating cancer genome complexity from a single cell division error
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CRISPR screens identify genomic ribonucleotides as a source of PARP-trapping lesions
10.1038/s41586-018-0291-z · 2018 · External reference
Transcription Factor NFIB Is a Driver of Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression in Mice and Marks Metastatic Disease in Patients
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The NFIB/CARM1 partnership is a driver in preclinical models of small cell lung cancer
2023 · External reference
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SUMOylated ORC2 Recruits a Histone Demethylase to Regulate Centromeric Histone Modification and Genomic Stability
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Disparate Pathways for Extrachromosomal DNA Biogenesis and Genomic DNA Repair
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Engineered extrachromosomal oncogene amplifications promote tumorigenesis
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10.1073/pnas.68.4.820 · 1971 · External reference
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1972 · External reference
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Transition from Transient DNA Rereplication to Inherited Gene Amplification Following Prolonged Environmental Stress
2023 · External reference
Loss of DNA replication control is a potent inducer of gene amplification
10.1126/science.1190966 · 2010 · External reference
eccDNAs are apoptotic products with high innate immunostimulatory activity
10.1038/s41586-021-04009-w · 2021 · External reference
BRCA1-A and LIG4 complexes mediate ecDNA biogenesis and cancer drug resistance
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GISTIC2.0 facilitates sensitive and confident localization of the targets of focal somatic copy-number alteration in human cancers
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A coding single-nucleotide polymorphism in lysine demethylase KDM4A associates with increased sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1159 · 2015 · External reference
The SKP1-Cul1-F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4 (SCF-FbxL4) ubiquitin ligase regulates lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A)/Jumonji domain-containing 2A (JMJD2A) protein
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Collective regulation of chromatin modifications predicts replication timing during cell cycle
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CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells
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The lysine demethylase KDM4A controls the cell-cycle expression of replicative canonical histone genes
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Fast and accurate long-read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform
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deepTools2: a next generation web server for deep-sequencing data analysis
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The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
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