Research graph
References from Dopamine D2 receptor dependent and independent structural, intrinsic and synaptic adaptations in experimental parkinsonism. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Dopamine regulates spine density in striatal projection neurons in a concentration-dependent manner
10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104666 · 2020 · External reference
Indirect striatal projection neurons drive a D2 receptor-dependent pathway to dyskinesia and dystonia
10.1002/mds.70299 · 2026 · External reference
Parkinsonian-like locomotor impairment in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors
10.1038/377424a0 · 1995 · External reference
Heterosynaptic dopamine neurotransmission selects sets of corticostriatal terminals
10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00265-x · 2004 · External reference
DRD3 (dopamine receptor D3) but not DRD2 activates autophagy through MTORC1 inhibition preserving protein synthesis
10.1080/15548627.2019.1668606 · 2020 · External reference
Cocaine supersensitivity and enhanced motivation for reward in mice lacking dopamine D2 autoreceptors
10.1038/nn.2862 · 2011 · External reference
Inducible ablation of dopamine D2 receptors in adult mice impairs locomotion, motor skill learning and leads to severe parkinsonism
10.1038/mp.2016.105 · 2017 · External reference
The long-acting dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline in early Parkinson's disease: final results of a 5-year, double-blind, levodopa-controlled study
10.2165/00023210-200418110-00003 · 2004 · External reference
Prolonged treatment with pramipexole promotes physical interaction of striatal dopamine D3 autoreceptors with dopamine transporters to reduce dopamine uptake
10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.007 · 2015 · External reference
Striatal D2 receptors regulate dendritic morphology of medium spiny neurons via Kir2 channels
10.1523/jneurosci.6056-11.2012 · 2012 · External reference
CalDAG-GEFI mediates striatal cholinergic modulation of dendritic excitability, synaptic plasticity and psychomotor behaviors
10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105473 · 2021 · External reference
Dopamine D2 receptors bidirectionally regulate striatal enkephalin expression: implications for cocaine reward
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111440 · 2022 · External reference
Genetic inactivation of dopamine D1 but not D2 receptors inhibits L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and histone activation
10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.025 · 2009 · External reference
Differential excitability and modulation of striatal medium spiny neuron dendrites
10.1523/jneurosci.1840-08.2008 · 2008 · External reference
Dopamine regulation of lateral inhibition between striatal neurons gates the stimulant actions of cocaine
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.031 · 2016 · External reference
D1 receptor hypersensitivity in mice with low striatal D2 receptors facilitates select cocaine behaviors
10.1038/s41386-018-0286-3 · 2019 · External reference
Loss of homeostasis in the direct pathway in a mouse model of asymptomatic Parkinson’s disease
10.1523/jneurosci.0492-15.2016 · 2016 · External reference
Beneficial effects of the phytocannabinoid Δ9-THCV in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104892 · 2020 · External reference
Cell type-specific plasticity of striatal projection neurons in parkinsonism and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
10.1038/ncomms6316 · 2014 · External reference
D2R signaling in striatal spiny neurons modulates L-DOPA induced dyskinesia
10.1016/j.isci.2022.105263 · 2022 · External reference
Striatal neurons expressing D1 and D2 receptors are morphologically distinct and differently affected by dopamine denervation in mice
10.1038/srep41432 · 2017 · External reference
Cortical regulation of striatal medium spiny neuron dendritic remodeling in parkinsonism: modulation of glutamate release reverses dopamine depletion-induced dendritic spine loss
10.1093/cercor/bhp317 · 2010 · External reference
From rodents to humans: conserved codistribution of dopaminergic with serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and their molecular characterization
10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107173 · 2025 · External reference
D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons
10.1126/science.2147780 · 1990 · External reference
Changes in dendritic spine density and inhibitory Perisomatic connectivity onto medium spiny neurons in L-dopa-induced dyskinesia
10.1007/s12035-019-1515-4 · 2019 · External reference
Attenuated neurotoxicity after repeated methamphetamine binges linked to dopamine transporter (DAT) decline
10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106839 · 2025 · External reference
Delayed spine pruning of direct pathway spiny projection neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
10.3389/fncel.2019.00032 · 2019 · External reference
Long-term effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors compared with levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD MED): a large, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60683-8 · 2014 · External reference
Striatal spinophilin enhances dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) interaction with cytosolic proteins to mediate persistent D2R agonist-induced locomotor suppression
2025 · External reference
Striatal activation by optogenetics induces dyskinesias in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson disease
10.1002/mds.26947 · 2017 · External reference
Consequence of nigrostriatal denervation and L-dopa therapy on the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase messenger RNA in the pallidum
10.1212/wnl.47.1.219 · 1996 · External reference
Competitive regulation of synaptic Ca2+ influx by D2 dopamine and A2A adenosine receptors
10.1038/nn.2592 · 2010 · External reference
The indirect pathway of the basal ganglia promotes transient punishment but not motor suppression
10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.017 · 2023 · External reference
Locomotor activity in D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background, and developmental adaptations
10.1523/jneurosci.18-09-03470.1998 · 1998 · External reference
Parkinsonism driven by antipsychotics originates from dopaminergic control of striatal cholinergic interneurons
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.014 · 2016 · External reference
Recurrent network activity drives striatal synaptogenesis
10.1038/nature11052 · 2012 · External reference
Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry
10.1038/nature09159 · 2010 · External reference
Enhanced GABA transmission drives bradykinesia following loss of dopamine D2 receptor Signaling
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.040 · 2016 · External reference
Striatal expression of substance P and methionin-enkephalin genes in patients with Parkinson's disease
10.1016/0304-3940(95)12011-r · 1995 · External reference
Atrophy of medium spiny I striatal dendrites in advanced Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/0006-8993(88)90124-2 · 1988 · External reference
Network-level changes in expression of inducible Fos-Jun proteins in the striatum during chronic cocaine treatment and withdrawal
10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80288-3 · 1996 · External reference
The indirect basal ganglia pathway in dopamine D(2) receptor-deficient mice
10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00223-2 · 2000 · External reference
Cortical regulation of dopamine depletion-induced dendritic spine loss in striatal medium spiny neurons
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.044 · 2007 · External reference
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states
10.1038/s41586-018-0090-6 · 2018 · External reference
ERK phosphorylation and FosB expression are associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice
10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.044 · 2006 · External reference
Mechanisms of antiparkinsonian anticholinergic therapy revisited
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.026 · 2021 · External reference
Re-emergence of striatal cholinergic interneurons in movement disorders
10.1016/j.tins.2007.07.008 · 2007 · External reference
NMDA receptor gating of information flow through the striatum in vivo
10.1523/jneurosci.4343-08.2008 · 2008 · External reference
A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa
10.1056/nejm200005183422004 · 2000 · External reference
Activation of DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator), a calcium-binding protein, reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in mice
10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.023 · 2015 · External reference
D2 dopamine receptors and the striatopallidal pathway modulate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the mouse
10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106278 · 2023 · External reference
Cholinergic modulation of Kir2 channels selectively elevates dendritic excitability in striatopallidal neurons
10.1038/nn1972 · 2007 · External reference
Cell- and state-specific plasticity of striatal glutamatergic synapses is critical to the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia
10.1016/j.neuron.2026.04.023 · 2026 · External reference
Behavioral sensitization and cellular responses to psychostimulants are reduced in D2R knockout mice
10.1111/adb.12840 · 2021 · External reference
L-DOPA treatment selectively restores spine density in dopamine receptor d2-expressing projection neurons in dyskinetic mice
10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.006 · 2014 · External reference
L-DOPA oppositely regulates synaptic strength and spine morphology in D1 and D2 striatal projection neurons in dyskinesia
10.1093/cercor/bhw263 · 2016 · External reference
Differential synaptic remodeling by dopamine in direct and indirect striatal projection neurons in Pitx3−/− mice, a genetic model of Parkinson's disease
10.1523/jneurosci.3184-17.2018 · 2018 · External reference
Dopamine D1 receptors regulate spines in striatal direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons
10.1002/mds.28174 · 2020 · External reference
Recurrent collateral connections of striatal medium spiny neurons are disrupted in models of Parkinson’s disease
10.1523/jneurosci.5493-07.2008 · 2008 · External reference
Dopaminergic modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity at striatal inhibitory synapses
10.1073/pnas.0703813104 · 2007 · External reference
MEF-2 regulates activity-dependent spine loss in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons
10.1016/j.mcn.2010.01.012 · 2010 · External reference
What's wrong with the striatal cholinergic interneurons in Parkinson's disease? Focus on intrinsic excitability
10.1111/ejn.14742 · 2021 · External reference
Consequences of nigrostriatal denervation on the gamma-aminobutyric acidic neurons of substantia nigra pars reticulata and superior colliculus in parkinsonian syndromes
10.1212/wnl.46.3.802 · 1996 · External reference
Metabolic activity of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian syndromes in human and non-human primates: a cytochrome oxidase histochemistry study
10.1016/0306-4522(95)00549-8 · 1996 · External reference
Loss and remodeling of striatal dendritic spines in Parkinson's disease: from homeostasis to maladaptive plasticity?
10.1007/s00702-017-1735-6 · 2018 · External reference
Dopaminergic denervation and spine loss in the striatum of MPTP-treated monkeys
10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.09.025 · 2009 · External reference
The dual role of striatal interneurons: circuit modulation and trophic support for the basal ganglia
10.4103/1673-5374.382987 · 2023 · External reference
Dopamine D1 receptor mutant mice are deficient in striatal expression of dynorphin and in dopamine-mediated behavioral responses
10.1016/0092-8674(94)90557-6 · 1994 · External reference
Regulation of Cdc42 signaling by the dopamine D2 receptor in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
10.1111/acel.13588 · 2022 · External reference
Dendritic degeneration in neostriatal medium spiny neurons in Parkinson disease
10.1212/01.wnl.0000150591.33787.a4 · 2005 · External reference
State-dependent modulation of spiny projection neurons controls levodopa-induced dyskinesia in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
2025 · External reference
