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References from Insulin like growth factor and cytokine signalling predict future cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease: a community-based, prospective study
10.1212/wnl.56.6.730 · 2001 · External reference
Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment
10.1038/s41572-021-00280-3 · 2021 · External reference
IGF2 prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss and decreases intracellular alpha-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson’s disease models
10.1038/s41420-023-01734-1 · 2023 · External reference
An Alzheimer’s disease-derived biomarker signature identifies Parkinson’s disease patients with dementia
10.1371/journal.pone.0147319 · 2016 · External reference
Assessment of variability in the SOMAscan assay
10.1038/s41598-017-14755-5 · 2017 · External reference
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain health: evidence from 369,711 participants in the UK biobank
10.1186/s13195-023-01288-5 · 2023 · External reference
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB protects dopaminergic neurons via activation of Akt/ERK/CREB pathways to upregulate tyrosine hydroxylase
10.1111/cns.13708 · 2021 · External reference
Predictors of cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition at baseline: a 5-year cohort study
2023 · External reference
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021
10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3 · 2024 · External reference
Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease
10.1002/mds.21507 · 2007 · External reference
Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized clinical trial
10.1186/s13195-025-01791-x · 2025 · External reference
Aptamer-based multiplexed proteomic technology for biomarker discovery
10.1371/journal.pone.0015004 · 2010 · External reference
Association of lipid levels with motor and cognitive function and decline in Parkinson’s disease
10.1111/psyg.13122 · 2024 · External reference
Machine learning-based prediction of cognitive outcomes in de novo Parkinson’s disease
10.1038/s41531-022-00409-5 · 2022 · External reference
IGF-1 gene therapy prevents spatial memory deficits and modulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inflammation in a parkinsonism model
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.013 · 2024 · External reference
Four questions to predict cognitive decline in de novo Parkinson’s disease
10.1038/s41531-025-00958-5 · 2025 · External reference
A proteogenomic view of Parkinson’s disease causality and heterogeneity
10.1038/s41531-023-00461-9 · 2023 · External reference
Serum uric acid as a putative biomarker in prodromal Parkinson’s disease: longitudinal data from the PPMI study
10.3233/jpd-230007 · 2023 · External reference
Neuroinflammation is linked to dementia risk in Parkinson’s disease
10.1093/brain/awad322 · 2024 · External reference
Do CSF biomarkers predict progression to cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients? A systematic review
10.1007/s11065-015-9307-8 · 2015 · External reference
Inflammatory CSF profiles and longitudinal development of cognitive decline in sporadic and GBA-associated PD
10.1038/s41531-023-00476-2 · 2023 · External reference
Insights into the role of platelet-derived growth factors: implications for Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis and treatment
2022 · External reference
IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation
10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.003 · 2011 · External reference
Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Movement Disorder Society task force guidelines
10.1002/mds.24893 · 2012 · External reference
Prediction of cognition in Parkinson’s disease with a clinical-genetic score: a longitudinal analysis of nine cohorts
10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30122-9 · 2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2017 · External reference
Relationship between circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.005 · 2020 · External reference
Immune cell metabolic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease
10.1186/s13024-025-00827-y · 2025 · External reference
Insulin-like growth factor II prevents oxidative and neuronal damage in cellular and mice models of Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/j.redox.2021.102095 · 2021 · External reference
LRRK2 and GBA1 variant carriers have higher urinary bis(monacylglycerol) phosphate concentrations in PPMI cohorts
10.1038/s41531-023-00468-2 · 2023 · External reference
Plasma ceramide and glucosylceramide metabolism is altered in sporadic Parkinson’s disease and associated with cognitive impairment: a pilot study
10.1371/journal.pone.0073094 · 2013 · External reference
Longitudinal CSF biomarkers in patients with early Parkinson disease and healthy controls
10.1212/wnl.0000000000004609 · 2017 · External reference
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB has neurorestorative effects and modulates the pericyte response in a partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.002 · 2016 · External reference
Microvascular changes in Parkinson’s disease- focus on the neurovascular unit
10.3389/fnagi.2022.853372 · 2022 · External reference
Head-to-head comparison of aptamer- and antibody-based proteomic platforms in human cerebrospinal fluid samples from a real-world memory clinic cohort
10.3390/ijms26010286 · 2024 · External reference
Immunometabolism in brain aging and neurodegeneration: bridging metabolic pathways and immune responses
2024 · External reference
Signaling and function of Interleukin-2 in T lymphocytes
10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053352 · 2018 · External reference
Comprehensive proteomics of CSF, plasma, and urine identify DDC and other biomarkers of early Parkinson’s disease
10.1007/s00401-024-02706-0 · 2024 · External reference
Serum neurofilament light chain levels reflect cortical neurodegeneration in de novo Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.04.009 · 2020 · External reference
Clinical variables and biomarkers in prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease: a cohort study
10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30328-3 · 2017 · External reference
Multimodal markers of immune activation predict cognitive outcomes in Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/j.bbi.2025.05.020 · 2025 · External reference
Cognitive function and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study
10.3233/jpd-202097 · 2020 · External reference
High-throughput CSF proteomics and machine learning to identify proteomic signatures for Parkinson disease development and progression
10.1212/wnl.0000000000207725 · 2023 · External reference
Confidence intervals for a binomial proportion
10.1002/sim.4780120902 · 1993 · External reference
The economic impact of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
10.1002/mds.23661 · 2011 · External reference
Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow and the regional brain function in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and multimodal neuroimaging meta-analysis
10.3389/fneur.2023.1289934 · 2023 · External reference
The role of immune and inflammatory-related indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with parkinson’s disease
10.1007/s00702-023-02704-8 · 2024 · External reference
Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets
10.1038/s41467-019-09234-6 · 2019 · External reference
Multimodal neuroimaging-based prediction of Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment using machine learning technique
10.1038/s41531-024-00828-6 · 2024 · External reference