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References from Increased CCR2-immunopositive myeloid cells in the putamen and cerebellar white matter with blood–brain barrier disruption in multiple system atrophy. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the CNS of patients with multiple system atrophy (striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and Shy–Drager syndrome)
10.1016/0022-510x(89)90219-0 · 1989 · External reference
Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
10.1212/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15 · 2008 · External reference
Multiple system atrophy: prognostic indicators of survival
10.1002/mds.25927 · 2014 · External reference
Inflammation in multiple system atrophy
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214677 · 2023 · External reference
T cell infiltration in both human multiple system atrophy and a novel mouse model of the disease
10.1007/s00401-020-02126-w · 2020 · External reference
Cytokine profiling in the prefrontal cortex of Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy patients
10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.014 · 2017 · External reference
IFNγ drives neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy
10.1186/s40478-023-01710-x · 2024 · External reference
A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells
10.1126/science.1219179 · 2012 · External reference
Proinflammatory cytokines are elevated in serum of patients with multiple system atrophy
10.1371/journal.pone.0062354 · 2013 · External reference
Serum interleukin (IL-2, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4), TNFα, and IFNγ concentrations are elevated in patients with atypical and idiopathic parkinsonism
10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.040 · 2008 · External reference
Early strong intrathecal inflammation in cerebellar type multiple system atrophy by cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine profiles: a case control study
10.1186/s12974-017-0863-0 · 2017 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid pro-inflammatory cytokines differentiate parkinsonian syndromes
10.1186/s12974-018-1339-6 · 2018 · External reference
CMSAR consortium, Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional Catalan MSA registry study
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.040 · 2019 · External reference
Microglial activation parallels system degeneration in multiple system atrophy
10.1093/jnen/63.1.43 · 2004 · External reference
NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins are upregulated in the putamen of patients with multiple system atrophy
10.1093/jnen/nly090 · 2018 · External reference
Role of complement activation and disruption of the blood–brain barrier in the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy
10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137642 · 2024 · External reference
Blood–brain barrier impairment is functionally correlated with clinical severity in patients of multiple system atrophy
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.017 · 2011 · External reference
Myeloperoxidase inhibition ameliorates multiple system atrophy-like degeneration in a transgenic mouse model
10.1007/s12640-011-9294-3 · 2012 · External reference
Failure of neuroprotection despite microglial suppression by delayed-start myeloperoxidase inhibition in a model of advanced multiple system atrophy: clinical implications
10.1007/s12640-015-9547-7 · 2015 · External reference
CSF1R-mediated myeloid cell depletion prolongs lifespan but aggravates distinct motor symptoms in a model of multiple system atrophy
10.1523/jneurosci.0417-22.2022 · 2022 · External reference
FTY720-mitoxy reduces synucleinopathy and neuroinflammation, restores behavior and mitochondria function, and increases GDNF expression in multiple system atrophy mouse models
10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113120 · 2020 · External reference
Absence of the chemokine receptor CCR2 protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
10.1161/01.str.0000259709.16654.8f · 2007 · External reference
Fate mapping of peripherally-derived macrophages after traumatic brain injury in mice reveals a long-lasting population with a distinct transcriptomic signature
10.1038/s41467-025-63952-8 · 2025 · External reference
CCR2/CCR5 antagonism with cenicriviroc relieves neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve injury and delays morphine tolerance in mice
10.1016/j.bcp.2026.117773 · 2026 · External reference