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References from Brain metastasis: Opportunities for novel therapies. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions
10.1093/neuonc/noac118 · 2022 · External reference
Central nervous system metastases in HER-2–positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab: incidence, survival, and risk factors
10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-766 · 2007 · External reference
Central nervous system metastases in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: incidence, treatment, and survival in patients from registHER
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2962 · 2011 · External reference
Emerging therapeutics and evolving assessment criteria for intracranial metastases in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1038/s41571-023-00808-4 · 2023 · External reference
Defining the hallmarks of metastasis
10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0458 · 2019 · External reference
Real-time imaging reveals the single steps of brain metastasis formation
10.1038/nm.2072 · 2010 · External reference
The vascular basement membrane as “soil” in brain metastasis
10.1371/journal.pone.0005857 · 2009 · External reference
Vessel cooption, regression, and growth in tumors mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF
10.1126/science.284.5422.1994 · 1999 · External reference
Antiangiogenic therapy of cerebral melanoma metastases results in sustained tumor progression via vessel co-option
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0823 · 2004 · External reference
The biology of brain metastases—translation to new therapies
10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.58 · 2011 · External reference
Heterogeneous blood–tumor barrier permeability determines drug efficacy in experimental brain metastases of breast cancer
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1564 · 2010 · External reference
The blood–brain barrier and blood–tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases
10.1038/s41568-019-0205-x · 2020 · External reference
Drug delivery to the central nervous system
10.1038/s41578-021-00394-w · 2022 · External reference
Unraveling the role of angiogenesis in cancer ecosystems
10.3389/fonc.2018.00248 · 2018 · External reference
The evolving landscape of brain metastasis
10.1016/j.trecan.2018.01.003 · 2018 · External reference
The immune landscape in brain metastasis
10.1093/neuonc/noae219 · 2025 · External reference
Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot
10.1002/cac2.12539 · 2024 · External reference
Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy
10.1038/s41392-024-01979-x · 2024 · External reference
Oligometastases revisited
10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.44 · 2011 · External reference
The oligometastatic spectrum in the era of improved detection and modern systemic therapy
10.1038/s41571-022-00655-9 · 2022 · External reference
A cure is possible: a study of 10-year survivors of brain metastases
10.1007/s11060-016-2208-8 · 2016 · External reference
Influence of brain metastases on the classification, treatment, and outcome of patients with extracranial oligometastasis: a single-center cross-sectional analysis
10.1186/s13014-024-02542-2 · 2024 · External reference
Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain metastases treated with therapeutic enoxaparin: a matched cohort study
10.1182/blood-2015-02-626788 · 2015 · External reference
The biology of metastasis to a sanctuary site
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2659 · 2007 · External reference
Intracranial and extracranial progression and their correlation with overall survival after stereotactic radiosurgery in a multi-institutional cohort with brain metastases
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10117 · 2023 · External reference
Estrogen/progesterone receptor and HER2 discordance between primary tumor and brain metastases in breast cancer and its effect on treatment and survival
10.1093/neuonc/noaa025 · 2020 · External reference
Molecular evolution of central nervous system metastasis and therapeutic implications
10.1016/j.molmed.2024.09.008 · 2025 · External reference
Liquid biopsy approaches for cancer characterization, residual disease detection, and therapy monitoring
10.1200/edbk-25-481114 · 2025 · External reference
Does graded Prognostic assessment outperform recursive partitioning analysis in patients with moderate prognosis brain metastases?
10.2217/cns.15.45 · 2016 · External reference
Summary report on the graded prognostic assessment: an accurate and facile diagnosis-specific tool to estimate survival for patients with brain metastases
10.1200/jco.2011.38.0527 · 2012 · External reference
Estimating survival in patients with lung cancer and brain metastases: an update of the graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer using molecular markers (Lung-molGPA)
10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.3834 · 2017 · External reference
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.03.020
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.03.020 · 2022 · External reference
Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer and brain metastases
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.02.027 · 2012 · External reference
Beyond an updated graded prognostic assessment (breast GPA): a prognostic index and trends in treatment and survival in breast cancer brain metastases from 1985 to today
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.01.051 · 2020 · External reference
Improved survival and prognostication in melanoma patients with brain metastases: an update of the melanoma graded prognostic assessment
10.1200/jco-24-01351 · 2025 · External reference
Estimating survival in melanoma patients with brain metastases: an update of the graded prognostic assessment for melanoma using molecular markers (Melanoma-molGPA)
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2454 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of targeted therapies on prognostic factors, patterns of care, and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and brain metastases
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.006 · 2018 · External reference
Estimating survival for renal cell carcinoma patients with brain metastases: an update of the renal graded prognostic assessment tool
10.1093/neuonc/noy099 · 2018 · External reference
Clinical trial design for systemic agents in patients with brain metastases from solid tumours: a guideline by the response assessment in neuro-oncology brain metastases working group
10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30693-9 · 2018 · External reference
BMScope: a scoping review to chart the evolving clinical study landscape in brain and leptomeningeal metastasis
10.1093/neuonc/noae140 · 2024 · External reference
Central nervous system metastases in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a review of the therapeutic landscape
10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102807 · 2024 · External reference
New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)
10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026 · 2009 · External reference
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group
10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70057-4 · 2015 · External reference
CNS efficacy of osimertinib in patients with T790M-positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer: data from a randomized phase III trial (AURA3)
10.1200/jco.2018.77.9363 · 2018 · External reference
CNS response to osimertinib versus standard epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1200/jco.2018.78.3118 · 2018 · External reference
Long-term outcomes of patients with active melanoma brain metastases treated with combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab (CheckMate 204): final results of an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00545-3 · 2021 · External reference
Genomic characterization of brain metastases reveals branched evolution and potential therapeutic targets
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0369 · 2015 · External reference
Oncogenic alterations in advanced NSCLC: a molecular super-highway
10.1186/s40364-024-00566-0 · 2024 · External reference
Pembrolizumab for management of patients with NSCLC and brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30111-x · 2020 · External reference
Phase II trial of atezolizumab combined with carboplatin and pemetrexed for patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer with untreated brain metastases (Atezo-Brain, GECP17/05)
10.1200/jco.22.02561 · 2023 · External reference
First-line camrelizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases (CAP-BRAIN): final results of a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial in China
10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103638 · 2025 · External reference
Intracranial response pattern, tolerability and biomarkers associated with brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer treated by tislelizumab plus chemotherapy
10.21037/tlcr-23-687 · 2024 · External reference
Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa1716948 · 2018 · External reference
IMpower150 Final Exploratory Analyses for Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in Key NSCLC Patient Subgroups With EGFR Mutations or Metastases in the Liver or Brain
10.1016/j.jtho.2021.09.014 · 2022 · External reference
Five-year outcomes with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with 2 cycles of chemotherapy versus 4 cycles of chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the randomized CheckMate 9LA trial
10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114296 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2018 · External reference
Biomarkers of osimertinib response in patients with refractory, EGFR-T790M–positive non–small cell lung cancer and central nervous system metastases: the APOLLO study
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2081 · 2020 · External reference
A phase II study of osimertinib for radiotherapy-naive central nervous system metastasis from NSCLC: results for the T790M cohort of the OCEAN study (LOGIK1603/WJOG9116L)
10.1016/j.jtho.2021.07.026 · 2021 · External reference
A phase 2 single-arm study of osimertinib for radiotherapy-naive central nervous system metastasis NSCLC: results for the first-line cohort of the OCEAN study (LOGIK 1603/WJOG 9116L)
10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100587 · 2023 · External reference
CNS efficacy of osimertinib with or without chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor–mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1200/jco.23.02219 · 2024 · External reference
Osimertinib with or without chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa2306434 · 2023 · External reference
Osimertinib in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with asymptomatic brain metastases: an open-label, 3-arm, phase II pilot study
10.1093/noajnl/vdab188 · 2022 · External reference
Intracranial effect of osimertinib in relapsed EGFR-mutated T790M-positive and-negative non-small cell lung cancer patients: results from a phase II study
10.1080/0284186x.2021.1973092 · 2021 · External reference
Overall survival from the EORTC LCG-1613 APPLE trial of osimertinib versus gefitinib followed by osimertinib in advanced EGFR-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1200/jco.23.01521 · 2024 · External reference
Afatinib for patients with lung adenocarcinoma and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (LUX-Lung 2): a phase 2 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70086-4 · 2012 · External reference
Phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations
10.1200/jco.2012.44.2806 · 2013 · External reference
Afatinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (LUX-Lung 7): a phase 2B, open-label, randomised controlled trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30033-x · 2016 · External reference
First-line afatinib versus chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer and common epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and brain metastases
10.1016/j.jtho.2015.11.014 · 2016 · External reference
CNS efficacy of afatinib as first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations
10.3389/fonc.2023.1094195 · 2023 · External reference
Intracranial responses to afatinib at different doses in patients with EGFR-mutated non–small-cell lung carcinoma and brain metastases
10.1016/j.cllc.2019.02.009 · 2019 · External reference
Influence of afatinib dose on outcomes of advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases
10.1186/s12885-018-5110-2 · 2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Amivantamab plus lazertinib in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC after progression on osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy: results from CHRYSALIS-2 cohort A
10.1016/j.jtho.2024.12.029 · 2025 · External reference
Phase 2 Study of Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib in Previously Treated Patients With EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers With Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastases
10.1016/j.jtho.2025.10.012 · 2026 · External reference
Overall survival with amivantamab–lazertinib in EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa2503001 · 2025 · External reference
Amivantamab plus lazertinib in previously untreated EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa2403614 · 2024 · External reference
Amivantamab plus chemotherapy with and without lazertinib in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC after disease progression on osimertinib: primary results from the phase III MARIPOSA-2 study
10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.117 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Brain metastases in patients with EGFR-mutated or ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancers
10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.01.020 · 2015 · External reference
Genomic alterations and the incidence of brain metastases in advanced and metastatic NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jtho.2023.06.017 · 2023 · External reference
Intracranial efficacy of crizotinib versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced ALK-positive non–small-cell lung cancer: results from PROFILE 1014
10.1200/jco.2015.63.5888 · 2016 · External reference
Clinical experience with crizotinib in patients with advanced ALK-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer and brain metastases
10.1200/jco.2014.59.0539 · 2015 · External reference
Updated overall survival and final progression-free survival data for patients with treatment-naive advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer in the ALEX study
10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.478 · 2020 · External reference
Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated Asian patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ALESIA): a randomised phase 3 study
10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30053-0 · 2019 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of brigatinib compared with crizotinib in Asian vs. non-Asian patients with locally advanced or metastatic alk–inhibitor-naive alk+ non–small cell lung cancer: final results from the phase III ALTA-1L study
10.1016/j.cllc.2022.07.008 · 2022 · External reference
Ensartinib vs Crizotinib for Patients With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.3523 · 2021 · External reference
First-line ceritinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-4): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30123-x · 2017 · External reference
Ceritinib versus chemotherapy in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer previously given chemotherapy and crizotinib (ASCEND-5): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30339-x · 2017 · External reference
Lorlatinib versus crizotinib in patients with advanced ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer: 5-year outcomes from the phase III CROWN study
10.1200/jco.24.00581 · 2024 · External reference
Lorlatinib for previously treated ALK-positive advanced NSCLC: primary efficacy and safety from a phase 2 study in people's Republic of China
10.1016/j.jtho.2022.02.014 · 2022 · External reference
Safety and activity of alectinib plus bevacizumab in patients with advanced ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase I/II study
10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100342 · 2022 · External reference
Alectinib in combination with bevacizumab as first-line treatment in ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (ALEK-B): a single-arm, phase 2 trial
10.1038/s41467-025-59744-9 · 2025 · External reference
Intracranial activity of sotorasib vs docetaxel in pretreated KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer from a global, phase 3, randomized controlled trial
10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108683 · 2025 · External reference
Adagrasib versus docetaxel in KRASG12C-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (KRYSTAL-12): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00866-9 · 2025 · External reference
Intracranial efficacy of adagrasib in patients from the KRYSTAL-1 trial with KRASG12C-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer who have untreated CNS metastases
10.1200/jco.23.00046 · 2023 · External reference
Activity of adagrasib (MRTX849) in brain metastases: preclinical models and clinical data from patients with KRASG12C-mutant non–small cell lung cancer
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0383 · 2022 · External reference
Long-term outcomes and molecular correlates of sotorasib efficacy in patients with pretreated KRAS G12C-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer: 2-year analysis of CodeBreaK 100
10.1200/jco.22.02524 · 2023 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of KRAS G12C inhibitor IBI351 monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC: results from a phase 2 pivotal study
10.1016/j.jtho.2024.08.005 · 2024 · External reference
Real-world effectiveness and tolerability of sotorasib in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: the IFCT-2102 lung KG12Ci study
10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115301 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
BI-3406, a potent and selective SOS1–KRAS interaction inhibitor, is effective in KRAS-driven cancers through combined MEK inhibition
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0142 · 2021 · External reference
Selpercatinib in RET fusion–positive non–small cell lung cancer: final safety and efficacy, including overall survival, from the LIBRETTO-001 phase I/II trial
10.1200/jco-24-02076 · 2025 · External reference
Intracranial efficacy of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive non–small cell lung cancers on the LIBRETTO-001 trial
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0800 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy of selpercatinib in RET fusion–positive non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2005653 · 2020 · External reference
First-line selpercatinib or chemotherapy and pembrolizumab in RET fusion–positive NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa2309457 · 2023 · External reference
Intracranial activity of selpercatinib in Chinese patients with advanced RET fusion–positive Non–small-cell lung cancer in the phase II LIBRETTO-321 trial
2023 · External reference
Pralsetinib for RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ARROW): a multi-cohort, open-label, phase 1/2 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00247-3 · 2021 · External reference
Taletrectinib in ROS1+ non–small cell lung cancer: TRUST
10.1200/jco-25-00275 · 2025 · External reference
Repotrectinib in ROS1 fusion–positive non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2302299 · 2024 · External reference
Overall survival and central nervous system activity of crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged lung cancer—final results of the EUCROSS trial
10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102237 · 2024 · External reference
Phase II study of brigatinib in patients with ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: the Barossa study
10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103642 · 2024 · External reference
Updated integrated analysis of the efficacy and safety of entrectinib in locally advanced or metastatic ROS1 fusion–positive non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1200/jco.20.03025 · 2021 · External reference
Lorlatinib in advanced ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30655-2 · 2019 · External reference
A phase 2 study of lorlatinib in patients with ROS1-rearranged lung cancer with brain-only progression on crizotinib
2022 · External reference
Open-label, multicenter, phase II study of ceritinib in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer harboring ROS1 rearrangement
10.1200/jco.2016.71.3701 · 2017 · External reference
Updated efficacy and safety of entrectinib in NTRK fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107442 · 2024 · External reference
Gumarontinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring MET exon 14 skipping mutations: a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial
10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101952 · 2023 · External reference
Capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: final results from the open-label, phase 2 GEOMETRY mono-1 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00441-8 · 2024 · External reference
Tepotinib treatment in patients with MET exon 14–skipping non–small cell lung cancer: long-term follow-up of the VISION phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.1962 · 2023 · External reference
TRLS-03. Intracranial activity of tepotinib in patients with MET exon 14 (MET ex14) skipping NSCLC enrolled in VISION
10.1093/noajnl/vdab071.021 · 2021 · External reference
Intracranial activity of tepotinib in patients (pts) with MET exon 14 (MET ex14) skipping NSCLC enrolled in VISION
10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9084 · 2021 · External reference
Lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with previously untreated brain metastases from HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (LANDSCAPE): a single-group phase 2 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70432-1 · 2013 · External reference
The efficacy of lapatinib and capecitabine in HER-2 positive breast cancer with brain metastases: a systematic review and pooled analysis
10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.024 · 2017 · External reference
TBCRC 022: a phase II trial of neratinib and capecitabine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer and brain metastases
10.1200/jco.18.01511 · 2019 · External reference
Neratinib plus paclitaxel vs trastuzumab plus paclitaxel in previously untreated metastatic ERBB2-positive breast cancer: the NEfERT-T randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0237 · 2016 · External reference
Neratinib plus capecitabine versus lapatinib plus capecitabine in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens: phase III NALA trial
10.1200/jco.20.00147 · 2020 · External reference
Tucatinib, Trastuzumab, and Capecitabine for HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
10.1056/nejmoa1914609 · 2020 · External reference
Intracranial Efficacy and Survival With Tucatinib Plus Trastuzumab and Capecitabine for Previously Treated HER2-Positive Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases in the HER2CLIMB Trial
10.1200/jco.20.00775 · 2020 · External reference
Tucatinib vs Placebo, Both in Combination With Trastuzumab and Capecitabine, for Previously Treated ERBB2 (HER2)-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients With Brain Metastases: Updated Exploratory Analysis of the HER2CLIMB Randomized Clinical Trial
10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5610 · 2023 · External reference
Pyrotinib plus capecitabine for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and brain metastases (PERMEATE trial): overall survival results from a multicenter, single-arm, two-cohort, phase 2 trial
10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102837 · 2024 · External reference
Pyrotinib plus capecitabine for human epidermal factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab and taxanes (PHENIX): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study
10.21037/tbcr-20-25 · 2020 · External reference
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and brain metastases: exploratory final analysis of cohort 1 from KAMILLA, a single-arm phase IIIb clinical trial
10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.020 · 2020 · External reference
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients with brain metastases: a DESTINY-Breast01 subgroup analysis
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0837 · 2022 · External reference
Trastuzumab deruxtecan versus trastuzumab emtansine in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients with brain metastases from the randomized DESTINY-Breast03 trial
10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102924 · 2024 · External reference
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer with or without brain metastases: a phase 3b/4 trial
10.1038/s41591-024-03261-7 · 2024 · External reference
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases: a single-arm, phase 2 trial
10.1038/s41591-022-01935-8 · 2022 · External reference
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with previously treated HER2-low advanced breast cancer and active brain metastases: the DEBBRAH trial
2024 · External reference
Efficacy of disitamab vedotin (RC48) for previously treated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with symptomatic brain metastases: a case report and review of the literature
10.1097/cad.0000000000001702 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of ARX788 for individuals with HER2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases (ACE-Breast-06): a single-arm, phase 2 trial in China
10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103614 · 2025 · External reference
Trastuzumab duocarmazine in pretreated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer: an open-label, randomized, phase III trial (TULIP)
10.1200/jco.24.00529 · 2025 · External reference
Zanidatamab, a novel bispecific antibody, for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic HER2-expressing or HER2-amplified cancers: a phase 1, dose-escalation and expansion study
10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00621-0 · 2022 · External reference
Ipilimumab plus nivolumab versus nivolumab alone in patients with melanoma brain metastases (ABC): 7-year follow-up of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00735-6 · 2025 · External reference
Combination nivolumab and ipilimumab or nivolumab alone in melanoma brain metastases: a multicentre randomised phase 2 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30139-6 · 2018 · External reference
Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with BRAFV600-mutant melanoma brain metastases (COMBI-MB): a multicentre, multicohort, open-label, phase 2 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30429-1 · 2017 · External reference
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases: 7-year outcomes and quality of life from the multicenter phase III NIBIT-M2 trial
10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113531 · 2024 · External reference
Atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib in patients with melanoma with CNS metastases (TRICOTEL): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00334-0 · 2023 · External reference
Safety and efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma with brain metastases: checkmate 920
10.1002/cncr.34016 · 2022 · External reference
Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: results of the GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN multicenter phase II study
10.1200/jco.18.02218 · 2019 · External reference
Clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and brain metastasis treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab
10.1136/jitc-2021-003281 · 2021 · External reference
Cabozantinib in patients with non-locally pretreated brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: Results of the multicenter phase II trial CABRAMET
10.1016/j.ejca.2026.116712 · 2026 · External reference
Clinical activity and safety of cabozantinib for brain metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma
10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.4544 · 2021 · External reference
Cabozantinib in renal cell carcinoma with brain metastases: safety and efficacy in a real-world population
10.1016/j.clgc.2019.05.002 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Phase II multicenter trial combining nivolumab and radiosurgery for NSCLC and RCC brain metastases
10.1093/noajnl/vdad018 · 2023 · External reference
Nivolumab and stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with breast cancer brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomized, open-label, phase Ib study
10.1136/jitc-2024-011432 · 2025 · External reference
Phase 1 study of ipilimumab combined with whole brain radiation therapy or radiosurgery for melanoma patients with brain metastases
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.05.028 · 2017 · External reference
Nivolumab and ipilimumab with concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: analysis of the safety cohort for non-randomized, open-label, phase I/II trial
10.1136/jitc-2023-006871 · 2023 · External reference
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