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References from Behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms of learning and memory in Planaria. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The conditioning and memory retention of planaria (Dugesia tigrina) for directional preferences
10.1893/0005-3155-79.4.160 · 2009 · External reference
The conditioning and memory retention of planaria (Dugesia tigrina) for directional preferences
10.1893/0005-3155-79.4.160 · 2008 · External reference
Histamine alters environmental place preference in planaria
10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.061 · 2019 · External reference
Histamine alters environmental place preference in planaria
10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.061 · 2019 · External reference
Sequential administration of D-cycloserine and MK801 reduces pERK-expressing neurons in the lateral amygdala and disrupts threat memory reconsolidation
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.023 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of dopaminergic agents on monoamine levels and motor behaviour in planaria
10.1016/0742-8413(83)90142-1 · 1983 · External reference
Effects of dopaminergic agents on monoamine levels and motor behaviour in planaria
10.1016/0742-8413(83)90142-1 · 1983 · External reference
Relapse to cocaine seeking in an invertebrate
10.1016/j.pbb.2017.04.008 · 2017 · External reference
Aversive olfactory learning and associative long-term memory in Caenorhabditis elegans
10.1101/lm.2224411 · 2011 · External reference
The nervous system in planarians: Peripheral and gastrodermal plexuses, pharynx innervation, and the relationship between central nervous system structure and the acoelomate organization
10.1002/jmor.1051550208 · 1978 · External reference
Stimulus polarity and conditioning in planaria
10.1126/science.141.3582.728 · 1963 · External reference
Conditioning and extinction in the planarian
10.2307/1419718 · 1963 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
An organization of visual and auditory fear conditioning in the lateral amygdala
10.1016/j.nlm.2014.07.008 · 2014 · External reference
Neurons activated during fear memory consolidation and reconsolidation are mapped to a common and new topography in the lateral amygdala
10.1007/s10548-012-0266-6 · 2013 · External reference
Pavlovian fear conditioning activates a common pattern of neurons in the lateral amygdala of individual brains
10.1371/journal.pone.0015698 · 2011 · External reference
Memory reconsolidation and memory updating: Two sides of the same coin?
10.1016/j.nlm.2017.05.002 · 2017 · External reference
Comparative study of environmental factors influencing motor task learning and memory retention in sighted and blind crayfish
10.1002/brb3.106 · 2013 · External reference
A novel Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm to study freezing and flight behavior
2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2016 · External reference
The role of conditioning, learning and dopamine in sexual behavior: A narrative review of animal and human studies
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.014 · 2014 · External reference
Neuropharmacology and behavior in planarians: Translations to mammals
2008 · External reference
Neuropharmacology and behavior in planarians: Translations to mammals
2008 · External reference
Reconsolidation of long-term memory in Aplysia
10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.038 · 2012 · External reference
The expression of neural-specific genes reveals the structural and molecular complexity of the planarian central nervous system
10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00134-x · 2002 · External reference
Dissecting planarian central nervous system regeneration by the expression of neural-specific genes
10.1046/j.1440-169x.2002.00629.x · 2002 · External reference
Predator odor produces anxiety-like behavioral phenotype in planarians that is counteracted by fluoxetine
10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.003 · 2019 · External reference
Operant responding in the planarian: A replication study
10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3c.1023 · 1967 · External reference
Behavioral research with Planaria
10.1007/s40614-018-00176-w · 2018 · External reference
10.64898/2026.08.10.741213
10.64898/2026.08.10.741213 · External reference
Physiological controls of large-scale patterning in planarian regeneration: A molecular and computational perspective on growth and form
10.1002/reg2.54 · 2016 · External reference
Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the nervous system of a planarian
10.1002/cne.903450405 · 1994 · External reference
Gut microbiota modulates aversive learning and memory of honeybees (Apis mellifera)
10.1038/s41467-025-67586-8 · 2025 · External reference
Editorial: Invertebrate brains as model systems for learning, memory, and recall: Development, anatomy and function of memory systems
2024 · External reference
4.03 - sensitization and habituation: Invertebrate
2008 · External reference
Dopaminergic D1 receptor signalling is necessary, but not sufficient for cued fear memory destabilisation
10.1007/s00213-019-05338-5 · 2019 · External reference
The unlimited potential of the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis
10.7554/elife.56962 · 2020 · External reference
Invertebrate learning and memory: Fifty years of olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response in honeybees
10.1101/lm.024711.111 · 2012 · External reference
Current knowledge in planarian glia and its future implications in modeling neurodegenerative diseases
10.3390/neuroglia6040037 · 2025 · External reference
NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling: Impact on cell cycle regulation and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer
10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102856 · 2024 · External reference
Classical conditioning of the planarian Phagocata gracilis to water flow
10.1037/h0042402 · 1963 · External reference
Conditioned discrimination in the planarian
10.1126/science.144.3625.1472 · 1964 · External reference
Planarian brain regeneration as a model system for developmental neurotoxicology
2016 · External reference
Planarian brain regeneration as a model system for developmental neurotoxicology
10.1002/reg2.52 · 2016 · External reference
An attempt at classical conditioning in the planarian
10.1037/h0040092 · 1962 · External reference
Chapter 16 - mechanisms of short-term and intermediate-term memory in Aplysia
10.1016/b978-0-12-415823-8.00016-2 · 2013 · External reference
Persistent conditioned place preference to cocaine and withdrawal hypo-locomotion to mephedrone in the flatworm planaria
10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.021 · 2015 · External reference
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple stimuli by integrative brain function
10.1186/s40851-014-0010-z · 2015 · External reference
Chapter two - planarians as a model to study neurotoxic agents
10.1016/bs.ant.2023.01.002 · 2023 · External reference
Adapting rodent cued threat conditioning to planarians: Memory acquisition, consolidation, and reconsolidation
10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105321 · 2026 · External reference
Conditioned place avoidance in the planaria Schmidtea mediterranea: A pre-clinical invertebrate model of anxiety-related disorders
10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104894 · 2023 · External reference
Better together: Isolation impedes memory formation for configural learning in Lymnaea stagnalis
10.1242/jeb.246478 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2007 · External reference
The molecular biology of memory: cAMP, PKA, CRE, CREB-1, CREB-2, and CPEB
10.1186/1756-6606-5-14 · 2012 · External reference
Classical conditioning, neural basis of
2001 · External reference
The genome of the simultaneously hermaphroditic snail Lymnaea stagnalis reveals an evolutionary expansion of FMRFamide-like receptors
10.1038/s41598-024-78520-1 · 2024 · External reference
Drosophila learning and memory centers and the actions of drugs of abuse
10.1101/lm.053815.123 · 2024 · External reference
Small RNAome sequencing delineates the small RNA landscape of pluripotent adult stem cells in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
10.1016/j.gdata.2017.10.004 · 2017 · External reference
Taurine stimulation of planarian motility: A role for the dopamine receptor pathway
10.7717/peerj.18671 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced memory persistence is blocked by a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis
2014 · External reference
Associative learning and memory in Lymnaea stagnalis: How well do they remember?
10.1242/jeb.00374 · 2003 · External reference
Experimental procedures that modify light response frequency of regenerated planaria
10.1016/0031-9384(66)90012-6 · 1966 · External reference
Behavioral responses of three freshwater planaria species to light, visual and olfactory stimuli: Setting the stage for further ecotoxicological studies
10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104295 · 2021 · External reference
Unraveling molecular and system processes for fear memory
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.015 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Learning and memory in honeybees: From behavior to neural substrates
10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.002115 · 1996 · External reference
Operant conditioning of planarians
1964 · External reference
Dissociation of place preference and tolerance responses to sucrose using a dopamine antagonist in the planarian
10.1007/s00213-017-4801-8 · 2018 · External reference
Does epigenetics have a role in age related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy?
10.1016/j.gendis.2020.01.003 · 2021 · External reference
Tyraminergic modulation of agonistic outcomes in crayfish
10.1007/s00359-018-1255-3 · 2018 · External reference
Fear conditioning in laboratory rodents
2023 · External reference
Chronic nicotine exposure influences learning and memory in the honey bee
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104582 · 2023 · External reference
Reconsolidation and the dynamic nature of memory
10.1101/cshperspect.a021782 · 2015 · External reference
Temperature dependent plasticity of habituation in the crayfish
10.1007/s00359-011-0668-z · 2011 · External reference
C. Elegans: An elegant experimental system for the study of cilia biology
10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103636 · 2025 · External reference
Dopamine and mushroom bodies in Drosophila: Experience-dependent and -independent aspects of sexual behavior
10.1101/lm.5.1.157 · 1998 · External reference
Vertically-and horizontally-transmitted memories–the fading boundaries between regeneration and inheritance in planaria
10.1242/bio.020149 · 2016 · External reference
Analysis of behavior in the planarian model
2008 · External reference
Identification of glutamic acid decarboxylase gene and distribution of GABAergic nervous system in the planarian Dugesia japonica
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.026 · 2008 · External reference
Predator detection enables juvenile Lymnaea to form long-term memory
10.1242/jeb.032110 · 2010 · External reference
Planarians: A versatile and powerful model system for molecular studies of regeneration, adult stem cell regulation, aging, and behavior
10.1101/pdb.emo101 · 2008 · External reference
Glutamate: The master neurotransmitter and its implications in chronic stress and mood disorders
10.3389/fnhum.2021.722323 · 2021 · External reference
MicroRNAs from the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea: A model system for stem cell biology
10.1261/rna.117206 · 2006 · External reference
Planarian phototactic assay reveals differential Behavioral responses based on wavelength
10.1371/journal.pone.0114708 · 2014 · External reference
Opioid-dopamine interaction in planaria: A behavioral study
10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00048-1 · 1999 · External reference
Preliminary evidence from planarians that cotinine establishes a conditioned place preference
10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.024 · 2019 · External reference
Cue competition effects in the planarian
10.1007/s10071-012-0561-3 · 2013 · External reference
Fear conditioning in invertebrates
10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1008818 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2012 · External reference
Spatial localization ability of planarians identified through a light maze paradigm
10.1371/journal.pone.0288118 · 2023 · External reference
10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.021
10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.021 · External reference
Quantitative assessment of dopamine D2 antagonist activity using invertebrate (Planaria) locomotion as a functional endpoint
10.1016/s1056-8719(01)00152-6 · 2001 · External reference
Quantitative assessment of dopamine D2 antagonist activity using invertebrate (Planaria) locomotion as a functional endpoint
10.1016/s1056-8719(01)00152-6 · 2001 · External reference
Galantamine reverses scopolamine-induced behavioral alterations in Dugesia tigrina
10.1007/s10158-013-0167-8 · 2014 · External reference
Riluzole attenuates the effects of chemoconvulsants acting on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the planarian Dugesia tigrina
10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.009 · 2013 · External reference
Comprehensive analysis of neurotransmitters from regenerating planarian extract using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected reaction monitoring method
10.1002/rcm.6706 · 2013 · External reference
Development of learning and memory in Aplysia. II. Habituation and dishabituation
10.1523/jneurosci.07-01-00133.1987 · 1987 · External reference
The clinically relevant MEK inhibitor mirdametinib combined with D-cycloserine and prediction error disrupts fear memory in PTSD models
10.1038/s41398-024-03190-6 · 2024 · External reference
Diverse therapeutic developments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate common mechanisms of memory modulation
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108195 · 2022 · External reference
An NMDA antagonist (LY 235959) attenuates abstinence-induced withdrawal of planarians following acute exposure to a cannabinoid agonist (WIN 52212-2)
10.1016/j.pbb.2007.01.010 · 2007 · External reference
Measurement of glutamate and aspartate in Planaria
10.1016/j.vascn.2005.10.004 · 2006 · External reference
Nicotine behavioral pharmacology: Clues from planarians
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.04.001 · 2011 · External reference
First evidence that drugs of abuse produce behavioral sensitization and cross sensitization in planarians
10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833b0098 · 2010 · External reference
Measurement of GABA and glycine in planarians
2007 · External reference
Topiramate antagonizes NMDA- and AMPA-induced seizure-like activity in planarians
10.1016/j.pbb.2009.05.005 · 2009 · External reference
Principles of regeneration revealed by the planarian eye
10.1016/j.ceb.2021.05.001 · 2021 · External reference
Fundamentals of planarian regeneration
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.095114 · 2004 · External reference
Automated analysis of courtship suppression learning and memory in Drosophila melanogaster
10.4161/fly.24110 · 2013 · External reference
The effects of regeneration on memory in planarians
10.59720/23-122 · 2024 · External reference
Discovering memory: Using sea slugs to teach learning and memory
2020 · External reference
Lymnaea stagnalis as model for translational neuroscience research: From pond to bench
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.020 · 2020 · External reference
What can we teach Lymnaea and what can Lymnaea teach us?
10.1111/brv.12716 · 2021 · External reference
Invertebrates as models of learning and memory: Investigating neural and molecular mechanisms
10.1242/jeb.244844 · 2023 · External reference
Exploring the role of stress sensitivity in memory formation: Why do some animals learn while others do not? Lessons from Lymnaea stagnalis
10.1098/rsob.250283 · 2026 · External reference
A new group-training procedure for habituation demonstrates that presynaptic glutamate release contributes to long-term memory in Caenorhabditis elegans
10.1101/lm.46802 · 2002 · External reference
Nervous system development and regeneration in freshwater planarians
10.1002/wdev.266 · 2017 · External reference
Retention and distribution of dopamine-dependent reward memory in regenerating Planaria
10.3390/biom16050649 · 2026 · External reference
Deciphering the neural and molecular mechanisms of C. Elegans behavior
10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.020 · 2005 · External reference
Neuroprotective effects of blueberry anthocyanins against perfluorooctanoic sulfonate on planarian Dugesia japonica
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.023 · 2019 · External reference
An automated training paradigm reveals long-term memory in planarians and its persistence through head regeneration
2013 · External reference
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitor displays anti-glutamate and anti-cocaine effects in an invertebrate assay
10.1007/s00726-011-1052-6 · 2012 · External reference
Memory consolidation and reconsolidation in an invertebrate model: The role of the GABAergic system
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.039 · 2009 · External reference
Pharmacological assessment of methamphetamine-induced behavioral hyperactivity mediated by dopaminergic transmission in planarian Dugesia japonica
10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.059 · 2014 · External reference
Regeneration in planarians modifies behavioral switching
10.1016/j.isci.2025.111947 · 2025 · External reference
Classical conditioning in the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala
10.1037/h0041147 · 1955 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2022 · External reference
Heat shock disrupts expression of excitatory and extinction memories in planaria: Interaction with amount of exposure
10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104197 · 2020 · External reference
Evolution and regeneration of the planarian central nervous system
10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01099.x · 2009 · External reference
C. elegans wired and wireless connectome: Insights into principles of nervous system structure and function
10.1007/s12038-025-00513-7 · 2025 · External reference
Persistence of long-term memory in vitrified and revived Caenorhabditis elegans
10.1089/rej.2014.1636 · 2015 · External reference
ADCY9 regulates neural stem cells via Mitofusin-1 to maintain planarian (Dugesia japonica) cephalic ganglia regeneration
10.3390/cells15050389 · 2026 · External reference
Chapter 7 - new perspectives on the auditory cortex: Learning and memory
10.1016/b978-0-444-62630-1.00007-x · 2015 · External reference
Conditioned reinforcement
2002 · External reference
Cellular diversity and developmental hierarchy in the planarian nervous system
10.1016/j.gde.2022.101960 · 2022 · External reference
Coordination of size-control, reproduction and generational memory in freshwater planarians
10.1088/1478-3975/aa70c4 · 2017 · External reference
Sucrose produces withdrawal and dopamine-sensitive reinforcing effects in planarians
10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.02.002 · 2013 · External reference
Application of blueberry anthocyanins reduces perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicity on planarians (Dugesia japonica) in locomotion, regeneration, and gene expression and contents
10.1007/s11356-018-2127-7 · 2018 · External reference
