References

Near-infrared fluorescence nanoparticle-based probes: application to in vivo imaging of cancer

10.1533/9781908818782.131 · 2015 · External reference

Current clinical and pre-clinical imaging approaches to study the cancer-associated immune system

10.3389/fimmu.2021.716860 · 2021 · External reference

An update on recent advances in fluorescent materials for fluorescence molecular imaging: a review

10.1039/d5ra03102h · 2025 · External reference

A review on fluorescent probes and ligand–receptor pairs for two-photon and multimodal optical microscopic techniques in cellular imaging

10.1007/s42452-026-08489-1 · 2026 · External reference

InP colloidal quantum dots for visible and near-infrared photonics

10.1038/s41578-023-00596-4 · 2023 · External reference

Toxicity evaluation of cadmium-containing quantum dots: a review of optimizing physicochemical properties to diminish toxicity

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111609 · 2021 · External reference

Carbon and graphene quantum dots for optoelectronic and energy devices: a review

10.1002/adfm.201501250 · 2015 · External reference

Recent advances in non-toxic quantum dots and their biomedical applications

10.1016/j.pnsc.2019.11.007 · 2019 · External reference

In vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging for biology and medicine

10.1038/s41566-024-01391-5 · 2024 · External reference

Near-infrared fluorophores for biomedical imaging

10.1038/s41551-016-0010 · 2017 · External reference

Advances in NIR-II fluorescent nanoprobes: design principles, optical engineering, and emerging translational directions

10.3390/mi16121371 · 2025 · External reference

The utilization of quantum dot labeling as a burgeoning technique in the field of biological imaging

10.1039/d4ra04402a · 2024 · External reference

Quantum dots for biomedical biosensing, NIR-II bioimaging, and phototherapy: materials design, signal transduction, and translational barriers

10.1002/advs.75491 · 2026 · External reference

Review of second near-infrared biosensing, bioimaging, and imaging-guided therapy with quantum dots

10.1021/acsanm.4c04273 · 2024 · External reference

Near-infrared II fluorescence imaging

10.1038/s43586-024-00301-x · 2024 · External reference

Recent progress in NIR-II contrast agent for biological imaging

10.3389/fbioe.2019.00487 · 2020 · External reference

Recent advances in near-infrared II imaging technology for biological detection

10.1186/s12951-021-00870-z · 2021 · External reference

Red/NIR-emissive, cadmium-free quantum dots: synthesis, luminescence mechanisms, and applications

10.3390/s26082473 · 2026 · External reference

Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review

10.1039/c9cs00621d · 2022 · External reference

Unresolved reference

2025 · External reference

Quantum dots and their multimodal applications: a review

10.3390/ma3042260 · 2010 · External reference

Aqueous based semiconductor nanocrystals

10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00041 · 2016 · External reference

Trap states in semiconductor quantum dots: friends or foes

10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07459 · 2024 · External reference

A systematic examination of surface coatings on the optical and chemical properties of semiconductor quantum dots

10.1039/b606572b · 2006 · External reference

Indium-based quantum dots: next-generation nanomaterials for bioimaging and diagnostics

2026 · External reference

Achieving high-brightness NIR-II emission: molecular locking and wrapping strategies in fluorescent material design for in vivo bioimaging

10.1002/adma.202510386 · 2025 · External reference

Interfacial defect suppression and enhanced optical properties in InP quantum dots via two-step ZnSe shelling strategy

10.3390/ma18174172 · 2025 · External reference

Bandgap engineering of indium phosphide-based core/shell heterostructures through shell composition and thickness

10.3389/fchem.2018.00567 · 2018 · External reference

Synthesis of near-infrared-emitting type-II In(Zn)P/ZnTe core/shell quantum dots

10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161233 · 2021 · External reference

Indium phosphide quantum dots: advanced synthesis, surface engineering, and biomedical applications in imaging, sensing, and therapy

10.1039/d5ra06797a · 2026 · External reference

Synthesis and hybridization of CuInS2 nanocrystals for emerging applications

10.1039/d3cs00611e · 2023 · External reference

Synthesis of highly photo-stable CuInS2/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

10.1016/j.optmat.2015.06.054 · 2015 · External reference

Development of novel cadmium-free AgInS2 semiconductor nanoparticles

10.1166/jnn.2016.10946 · 2016 · External reference

Luminescent quantum dots: synthesis, optical properties, bioimaging and toxicity

10.1016/j.addr.2023.114830 · 2023 · External reference

Synthesis, properties and bioimaging applications of silver-based quantum dots

10.3390/ijms222212202 · 2021 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots as multifunctional nanomaterials for sustainable optoelectronic biosensing and green photonics

10.1038/s43246-025-01056-y · 2026 · External reference

Advances in doped carbon quantum dots: synthesis, mechanisms, and applications in sensing technologies

10.1016/j.cej.2025.163262 · 2025 · External reference

The emerging development of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots: synthesis methods, influencing factors and applications

2024 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots in bioimaging and biomedicines

10.3389/fbioe.2023.1333752 · 2024 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots: basics, properties, and fundamentals

2024 · External reference

Smart MXene quantum dot-based nanosystems for biomedical applications

10.3390/nano12071200 · 2022 · External reference

Optoelectronic MXene quantum dots: frontiers in sensor technology for next-generation diagnostics and environmental monitoring

10.1039/d5nr00854a · 2025 · External reference

Hybrid quantum dot as promising tools for theranostic application in cancer

10.3390/electronics12040972 · 2023 · External reference

Nanoparticles in photothermal therapy-based medical and theranostic applications: an extensive review

10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06452-4 · 2025 · External reference

Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics

10.1038/s41377-026-02212-w · 2026 · External reference

Properties, synthesis, and applications of carbon dots: a review

10.1016/j.cartre.2023.100276 · 2023 · External reference

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots: recent developments in its fluorescent sensor applications

10.1016/j.envres.2023.116046 · 2023 · External reference

Highly luminescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots for Sn2+ and S2− sensing and dual-mode anti-counterfeiting

10.1007/s00604-023-05922-9 · 2023 · External reference

NIR-II silver-based quantum dots: synthesis and applications

10.1007/s12274-024-6977-7 · 2024 · External reference

Quantum dots and Gd3+ chelates: advances and challenges towards bimodal nanoprobes for magnetic resonance and optical imaging

10.1007/s41061-021-00325-x · 2021 · External reference

Advances in the preparation and biological applications of core@shell nanocrystals based on quantum dots and noble metal

10.1039/d4ra05386a · 2024 · External reference

Hydrothermal microwave synthesis of water soluble NIR-II emitting Ag2S quantum dots

10.1039/d5nr00052a · 2025 · External reference

Advances in the near-infrared II for in vivo fluorescence imaging applications: a review

10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128630 · 2026 · External reference

Rapid nanoparticle synthesis by magnetic and microwave heating

10.3390/nano6050085 · 2016 · External reference

Redefining quantum dot synthesis with additive-manufactured microfluidics—A review

2025 · External reference

Past, present and future of indium phosphide quantum dots

10.1007/s12274-021-4038-z · 2022 · External reference

A recent update on development, synthesis methods, properties and application of natural products derived carbon dots

10.1007/s13659-023-00415-x · 2023 · External reference

Progress in drug delivery and diagnostic applications of carbon dots: a systematic review

10.3389/fchem.2023.1227843 · 2023 · External reference

Recent developments of Red/NIR carbon dots in biosensing, bioimaging, and tumor theranostics

10.1016/j.cej.2023.143010 · 2023 · External reference

Next-generation green carbon dots: toward standardized synthesis and purification for translational nanomedicine—A comprehensive review

2026 · External reference

Progress in microwave-assisted synthesis of quantum dots (graphene/carbon/semiconducting) for bioapplications: a review

10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.03.001 · 2019 · External reference

Green carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, properties and biomedical applications

10.3390/jfb14010027 · 2023 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots derived from polysaccharides: chemistry and potential applications

10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121503 · 2024 · External reference

Surface traps in colloidal quantum dots: a combined experimental and theoretical perspective

10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02193 · 2017 · External reference

Quantum dot nanomaterials: preparation, characterization, advanced bio-imaging and therapeutic applications

10.1007/s10895-023-03472-0 · 2024 · External reference

Surface functionalization of quantum dots for biological applications

10.1016/j.cis.2014.11.004 · 2015 · External reference

The potential of engineered multifunctional quantum dots for macrophage theranostics

2023 · External reference

Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window

10.1038/s41377-021-00628-0 · 2021 · External reference

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

10.1038/s43586-024-00358-8 · 2024 · External reference

Recent progress on eco-friendly quantum dots for bioimaging and diagnostics

10.1007/s12274-024-6926-5 · 2024 · External reference

Controlling persistent luminescence in nanocrystalline phosphors

10.1038/s41563-022-01468-y · 2023 · External reference

Recent advances in near-infrared I/II persistent luminescent nanoparticles for biosensing and bioimaging in cancer analysis

10.1007/s00216-024-05267-z · 2024 · External reference

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles for cancer theranostics application

10.1186/s12951-021-00862-z · 2021 · External reference

Facile synthesis of Gd/Ru-doped fluorescent carbon dots for fluorescent/MR bimodal imaging and tumor therapy

10.1186/s12951-024-02360-4 · 2024 · External reference

Recent developments in two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide-based multimodal cancer theranostics

10.1186/s12951-024-02785-x · 2024 · External reference

Biodegradable MXene quantum dots with high near-infrared photothermal performance for cancer treatment

10.1021/acsabm.4c00187 · 2024 · External reference

Carbon dot-based nanohybrids for tumor microenvironment-activated cancer theranostics

10.1016/j.ccr.2025.217236 · 2026 · External reference

Quantum dots for fluorescent biosensing and bioimaging applications

2024 · External reference

Graphene quantum dots in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics: advances in biosensing, imaging, and treatment applications

10.1007/s11596-025-00155-8 · 2026 · External reference

Recent advances in carbon dots for electrochemical sensing and biosensing: a systematic review

2024 · External reference

Versatile approaches of quantum dots in biosensing and imaging

10.1002/wnan.1998 · 2024 · External reference

Quantum dot-based luminescent sensors: review from analytical perspective

10.3390/ijms26146674 · 2025 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots: properties, preparation, and applications

10.3390/molecules29092002 · 2024 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots composite for enhanced selective detection of dopamine with organic electrochemical transistors

10.1007/s00604-024-06722-5 · 2024 · External reference

Luminescent carbon dots versus quantum dots and gold nanoclusters as sensors

10.1039/d4nh00107a · 2024 · External reference

Recent advances in II–VI group semiconductor- and carbon-based quantum dots for fluorescence-based sensing of metal ions in water

10.1039/d3en00541k · 2024 · External reference

Polyvalent aptamer-functionalized NIR-II quantum dots for targeted theranostics in high PD-L1-expressing tumors

10.1021/acsami.4c01486 · 2024 · External reference

Controllable assembly of a quantum dot-based aptasensor guided by CRISPR/Cas12a for direct measurement of circulating tumor cells in human blood

2024 · External reference

Detection of four early tumor biomarkers using micron-sized silica microspheres encoded with QDs (CQDs) for tumor early screening

10.1007/s10895-025-04619-x · 2026 · External reference

Quantum dot encoding for in-solution single-molecule biomarker counting in metastatic prostate cancer

2025 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots: synthesis, characteristics, and quenching as biocompatible fluorescent probes

10.3390/bios15020099 · 2025 · External reference

Carbon dots for next-generation cancer theranostics: from advanced imaging to targeted therapy

10.1021/acsabm.5c01797 · 2025 · External reference

Cadmium-free quantum dot-based theranostics

10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.041 · 2019 · External reference

All-in-one inorganic nanoagents for near-infrared-II photothermal-based cancer theranostics

2022 · External reference

PSMA-targeting macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for precision diagnosis and combination therapy of prostate cancer

10.1002/exp.20240393 · 2026 · External reference

Nanocarrier cancer therapeutics with functional stimuli-responsive mechanisms

10.1186/s12951-022-01364-2 · 2022 · External reference

Advancing cancer therapy with quantum dots and other nanostructures: a review of drug delivery innovations, applications, and challenges

10.3390/cancers17050878 · 2025 · External reference

Carbon quantum dots: a promising nanocarrier for bioimaging and drug delivery in cancer

2022 · External reference

Photodynamic therapy with NIR-II probes: review on state-of-the-art tools and strategies

10.1039/d4mh00819g · 2024 · External reference

Engineering photodynamics for treatment, priming and imaging

10.1038/s44222-024-00196-z · 2024 · External reference

Near-infrared-II triggered inorganic photodynamic nanomedicines for deep-tissue therapy

10.1016/j.jmst.2024.07.002 · 2025 · External reference

Molecular and nanoparticulate agents for photodynamic therapy guided by near infrared imaging

10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2024.100652 · 2024 · External reference

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for cancer: from near-infrared-I to near-infrared-II

10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.056 · 2023 · External reference

Immune-evasive NIR-II nanoplatforms for repeatable photodynamic therapy

10.1021/jacs.5c21383 · 2026 · External reference

Molecularly intelligent photosensitizers: pioneering a new era in photodynamic therapy

10.1007/s11426-025-2937-y · 2026 · External reference

Inorganic nanoparticles for photothermal treatment of cancer

10.1039/d3tb02797j · 2024 · External reference

Recent advances in chemistry, mechanism, and applications of quantum dots in photodynamic and photothermal therapy

10.2174/0118715206295598240215112910 · 2024 · External reference

Ti3C2 (MXene), an advanced carrier system: role in photothermal, photoacoustic, enhanced drugs delivery and biological activity in cancer therapy

10.1007/s13346-024-01572-3 · 2024 · External reference

Ternary heterostructure-driven photoinduced electron-hole separation enhanced oxidative stress for triple-negative breast cancer therapy

10.1186/s12951-024-02530-4 · 2024 · External reference

Anticancer activity of quantum size carbon dots: opportunities and challenges

10.1186/s11671-024-04069-7 · 2024 · External reference

Near-infrared fluorophores for biomedical imaging

10.1038/s41551-016-0010 · 2017 · External reference

NIR-II fluorescent probes for fluorescence-imaging-guided tumor surgery

10.3390/bios14060282 · 2024 · External reference

NIR-quantum dots in biomedical imaging and their future

10.1016/j.isci.2021.102189 · 2021 · External reference

Nanoparticle delivery to tumours: from EPR and ATR mechanisms to clinical impact

10.1038/s44222-024-00203-3 · 2024 · External reference

Application of aptamer functionalized nanomaterials in targeting therapeutics of typical tumors

10.3389/fbioe.2023.1092901 · 2023 · External reference

Precision phototherapy enabled by decoding complex microenvironments

10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00488 · 2025 · External reference

Quantum dot imaging agents: haematopoietic cell interactions and biocompatibility

10.3390/cells13040354 · 2024 · External reference

Overcoming colloidal nanoparticle aggregation in biological milieu for cancer therapeutic delivery: perspectives of materials and particle design

10.1016/j.cis.2024.103094 · 2024 · External reference

Polymer brushes on nanoparticles for controlling the interaction with protein-rich physiological media

10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00956 · 2024 · External reference

Recent advances in surface decoration of nanoparticles in drug delivery

10.3389/fnano.2024.1456939 · 2024 · External reference

Application of quantum dots in brain diseases and their neurotoxic mechanism

10.1039/d4na00028e · 2024 · External reference

Oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity of quantum dots and influencing factors

10.2217/nnm-2023-0326 · 2024 · External reference

Synthesis and application of silica-coated quantum dots in biomedicine

10.3390/ijms221810116 · 2021 · External reference

Controlling the biodistribution and clearance of nanomedicines

10.1038/s44222-023-00138-1 · 2024 · External reference

A concise review on effect of PEGylation on the properties of lipid-based nanoparticles

10.1089/adt.2024.015 · 2024 · External reference

A comprehensive investigation of the biophysical approach for aptamer functionalized nanoparticles in cancer therapy: a review

10.1039/d3pm00027c · 2024 · External reference

Transport and interactions of nanoparticles in the kidneys

10.1038/s41578-018-0038-3 · 2018 · External reference

Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours

10.1038/natrevmats.2016.14 · 2016 · External reference

Biomass-derived carbon dots as significant biological tools in the medicinal field: a review

10.1016/j.cis.2024.103182 · 2024 · External reference

Comprehensive insights into mechanism of nanotoxicity, assessment methods and regulatory challenges of nanomedicines

10.1186/s11671-024-04118-1 · 2024 · External reference

Microbial fabrication of quantum dots: mechanism and applications

10.1007/s00284-024-03813-7 · 2024 · External reference

Sustainable applications of biowaste-derived carbon dots in eco-friendly technological advancements: a review

10.1016/j.mseb.2024.117414 · 2024 · External reference

A review of deep-red (650–700 nm)-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals

10.3390/cryst14090788 · 2024 · External reference

Device applications enabled by bandgap engineering through quantum dot tuning: a review

10.3390/ma17215335 · 2024 · External reference

Advances in understanding quantum dot light-emitting diodes

10.1038/s44287-024-00059-0 · 2024 · External reference

Cadmium-based quantum dots alloyed structures: synthesis, properties, and applications

10.3390/ma16175877 · 2023 · External reference

Applications of nanotheranostics in the second near-infrared window in bioimaging and cancer treatment

10.1039/d4nr03058c · 2024 · External reference

A review of applications of machine learning in quantum dots research

10.1186/s11671-026-04466-0 · 2026 · External reference

A review of applications of machine learning in quantum dots research

10.1186/s11671-026-04466-0 · 2026 · External reference

AI-driven design and applications of quantum dots

10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102974 · 2026 · External reference

Artificial intelligence and machine learning disciplines with the potential to improve the nanotoxicology and nanomedicine fields: a comprehensive review

10.1007/s00204-023-03471-x · 2023 · External reference

Application of machine learning in nanotoxicology: a critical review and perspective

2024 · External reference

Machine learning framework for multi-endpoint quantum dot toxicity prediction with organoid validation and drug target discovery

10.3390/toxics13110967 · 2025 · External reference