Research graph
References from From immune dysregulation to precision immunotherapy in psychiatric disorders: A clinical-readiness framework for biomarkers and trials. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1136/jnnp-2019-320912 · 2020 · External reference
Aspirin and atorvastatin augmentation treatment in patients with major affective disorders and inflammatory dysregulation: a 12-week randomised placebo-controlled study
10.1017/neu.2025.10050 · 2026 · External reference
Efficacy of infliximab in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172838 · 2020 · External reference
An umbrella review of inflammatory biomarkers and their relationship to treatment response in MDD
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106806 · 2026 · External reference
Rituximab as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia spectrum disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder: two open-label pilot studies on treatment-resistant patients
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.003 · 2023 · External reference
Circulating blood-based proteins in psychopathology and cognition: a mendelian randomization study
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0033 · 2025 · External reference
Mendelian randomization analysis of causal and druggable circulating inflammatory proteins in schizophrenia
10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1465291 · 2024 · External reference
Predictors of successful anti-inflammatory drug trials in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-regression and critical commentary
10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.001 · 2023 · External reference
TSPO PET brain inflammation imaging: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of 156 case-control studies
10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.023 · 2023 · External reference
The benefit of minocycline on negative symptoms of schizophrenia in patients with recent-onset psychosis (BeneMin): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30345-6 · 2018 · External reference
Efficacy and acceptability of anti-inflammatory agents in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1407529 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of celecoxib in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1007/s10787-025-01908-6 · 2025 · External reference
Central nervous system adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors
10.1097/wco.0000000000001259 · 2024 · External reference
Inflammation is associated with decreased functional connectivity within corticostriatal reward circuitry in depression
10.1038/mp.2015.168 · 2016 · External reference
Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis in adults
10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4251 · 2023 · External reference
Peripheral blood cellular immunophenotype in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1038/s41380-022-01919-7 · 2023 · External reference
Protocol for the psychosis immune mechanism stratified medicine (PIMS) trial: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of single-dose tocilizumab in patients with psychosis
10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067944 · 2023 · External reference
A novel biomarker of interleukin 6 activity and clinical and cognitive outcomes in depression
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107008 · 2024 · External reference
Interleukin 6 as a treatment target for depression: a proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1053 · 2026 · External reference
Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies
10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.025 · 2020 · External reference
Immune dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081122-013201 · 2024 · External reference
Autoimmune encephalitis consensus criteria: lessons learned from real-world practice
10.1212/cpj.0000000000200155 · 2023 · External reference
Corticosteroid-induced manic and/or psychotic symptoms: a systematic review
10.3389/fphar.2025.1628765 · 2025 · External reference
A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis
10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00401-9 · 2016 · External reference
Cumulative meta-analysis of interleukins 6 and 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein in patients with major depressive disorder
10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.001 · 2015 · External reference
Canadian consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis in adults
10.1017/cjn.2024.16 · 2024 · External reference
The effect of antidepressant medication treatment on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines: a meta-analysis
10.1038/npp.2011.132 · 2011 · External reference
Monoclonal antibody therapy in autoantibody-associated psychotic disorders and schizophrenia: narrative review of past and current clinical trials
10.24869/psyd.2023.8 · 2023 · External reference
Network analysis of inflammation and symptoms in recent onset schizophrenia and the influence of minocycline during a clinical trial
10.1038/s41398-023-02570-8 · 2023 · External reference
Cross-trait genome-wide association analysis of C-reactive protein level and psychiatric disorders
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106368 · 2023 · External reference
Inflammatory subtypes in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia are associated with altered brain morphology and topological organization
10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.019 · 2022 · External reference
Prednisolone add-on in early phase schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
2025 · External reference
Sex differences in the inflammation-depression link: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.037 · 2024 · External reference
Antidepressant activity of anti-cytokine treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of chronic inflammatory conditions
10.1038/mp.2016.167 · 2018 · External reference
Neurological complications of CAR T cell therapy for cancers
10.1038/s41582-025-01112-8 · 2025 · External reference
A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial applying the ‘fast-fail’ approach to evaluating κ-opioid antagonism as a treatment for anhedonia
10.1038/s41591-020-0806-7 · 2020 · External reference
Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with bipolar depression: a phase 2 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.005 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy of adjunctive infliximab vs. placebo in the treatment of anhedonia in bipolar I/II depression
10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.063 · 2020 · External reference
The serum metabolomic profile of a distinct, inflammatory subtype of acute psychosis
10.1038/s41380-022-01784-4 · 2022 · External reference
Circulating inflammatory cytokines influencing schizophrenia: a mendelian randomization study
2024 · External reference
Immunophenotyping schizophrenia subtypes stratified by antipsychotic response
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.019 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory drug-assisted treatment of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
2026 · External reference
Neuroinflammation: an unfortunate term to describe schizophrenia
10.1038/s41380-026-03450-5 · 2026 · External reference
Effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on depressive symptom severity and anhedonia in depressed individuals with elevated inflammation: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1176/appi.ajp.20241115 · 2026 · External reference
Efficacy of adjunctive infliximab vs placebo in the treatment of adults with bipolar I/II depression: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0779 · 2019 · External reference
Treatment effects of interleukin-6 receptor antibodies for modulating the systemic inflammatory response after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (the IMICA trial): a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-center, randomized, clinical trial
10.1161/circulationaha.120.053318 · 2021 · External reference
Advancing an inflammatory subtype of major depression
10.1176/appi.ajp.20250289 · 2025 · External reference
The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target
10.1038/nri.2015.5 · 2016 · External reference
Meta-analysis of cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: clinical status and antipsychotic effects
10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.013 · 2011 · External reference
Secondary mania induced by TNF-α inhibitors: a systematic review
10.1111/pcn.13302 · 2022 · External reference
Immune alterations in schizophrenia and the effects of a therapeutic antibody: a neuroimaging study
10.1093/brain/awaf455 · 2026 · External reference
Risperidone combination therapy with adalimumab for treatment of chronic schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
10.1097/yic.0000000000000399 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Prevalence of low-grade inflammation in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of CRP levels
10.1017/s0033291719001454 · 2019 · External reference
Lessons from clinical trials of immunomodulatory drugs in psychiatric disorders
10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.11.009 · 2026 · External reference
Assessing the evidence for causal associations between body mass index, C-reactive protein, depression, and reported trauma using mendelian randomization
10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.003 · 2023 · External reference
Statins as an adjuvant therapy for patients with schizophrenia: an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.05.001 · 2024 · External reference
Low-dose interleukin 2 antidepressant potentiation in unipolar and bipolar depression: safety, efficacy, and immunological biomarkers
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.019 · 2024 · External reference
Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin
10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30290-1 · 2020 · External reference
Inflammatory protein markers and treatment outcomes across mood and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106874 · 2026 · External reference
A randomized controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab for treatment-resistant depression: the role of baseline inflammatory biomarkers
10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.4 · 2013 · External reference
Autoimmune psychosis: psychopathological patterns and outcome after immunotherapy
10.1016/j.schres.2025.04.024 · 2025 · External reference
Immune-targeted therapies for depression: current evidence for antidepressant effects of monoclonal antibodies
10.4088/jcp.23nr15243 · 2024 · External reference
Linking nervous and immune systems in psychiatric illness: a meta-analysis of the kynurenine pathway
10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148190 · 2023 · External reference
Systemic inflammation and anhedonic responses to an inflammatory challenge in adults with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial
10.1176/appi.ajp.20240142 · 2025 · External reference
Infliximab-induced depression and suicidal behavior in adolescent with Crohn’s disease: case report and review of literature
2019 · External reference
Inflammatory biomarkers and perinatal depression: a systematic review
10.1371/journal.pone.0280612 · 2024 · External reference
An inflamed subtype of difficult-to-treat depression
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110763 · 2023 · External reference
Omega-3 fatty acids for inflamed depression - a match/mismatch study
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.029 · 2024 · External reference
Immunomodulatory treatment may change functional and structural brain imaging in severe mental disorders
2024 · External reference
A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational deficits and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation
10.1038/s41380-024-02751-x · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy and target engagement of dopamine agonist pramipexole for anhedonic depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
10.1038/s41591-026-04465-9 · 2026 · External reference
Causal role of immune cells in schizophrenia: mendelian randomization (MR) study
10.1186/s12888-023-05081-4 · 2023 · External reference
Inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid markers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 69 studies with 5710 participants
10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.001 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy of inflammation-based stratification for add-on celecoxib or minocycline in major depressive disorder: protocol of the INSTA-MD double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
2024 · External reference
Effects of immunomodulatory drugs on depressive symptoms: a mega-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in inflammatory disorders
10.1038/s41380-019-0471-8 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Monoclonal antibody precision therapy targeting inflammation for bipolar disorder: a narrative review
10.1177/20451253241227772 · 2024 · External reference
Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents on bipolar disorder: a systemic review and network meta-analysis
10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103394 · 2023 · External reference
The inflammatory underpinning of depression: an historical perspective
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.048 · 2024 · External reference
Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of psychiatric disorders
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2185 · 2024 · External reference
Peripheral cytokine levels across psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110740 · 2023 · External reference
Depression with immuno-metabolic dysregulation: testing pragmatic criteria to stratify patients
10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.033 · 2025 · External reference
