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References from Pharmacological, clinical, and translational evidence for N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and zalsupindole: a systematic review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Zalsupindole is a nondissociative, nonhallucinogenic neuroplastogen with therapeutic effects comparable to ketamine and psychedelics
10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00667 · 2025 · External reference
Intrathecal 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine in mice modulates 5-HT1 and 5-HT3 receptors
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Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: a systematic review of modern-era clinical studies
10.1111/acps.13249 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Nociception is enhanced after low doses and reduced after high doses of the serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
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Safety and tolerability of multiple sublingual microdoses of 5-MeO-DMT in adults with moderate symptoms of depression and/or anxiety: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
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Beyond symptom reduction: DMT improves anxiety, life satisfaction, and quality of life in healthy volunteers and patients with depression
10.1177/02698811261465005 · 2026 · External reference
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): subjective effects and patterns of use among Australian recreational users
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.015 · 2010 · External reference
Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity
10.1038/s41386-022-01389-z · 2023 · External reference
Effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on rat behaviors relevant to anxiety and depression
10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00134 · 2018 · External reference
Chronic, intermittent microdoses of the psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) produce positive effects on mood and anxiety in rodents
10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00692 · 2019 · External reference
Chronic, intermittent microdoses of the psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) produce positive effects on mood and anxiety in rodents
10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00692 · 2019 · External reference
Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.016 · 2016 · External reference
Why N,N-dimethyltryptamine matters: unique features and therapeutic potential beyond classical psychedelics
2024 · External reference
GH001 vs placebo in patients with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.0096 · 2026 · External reference
The epidemiology of 5-methoxy- N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) use: benefits, consequences, patterns of use, subjective effects, and reasons for consumption
10.1177/0269881118769063 · 2018 · External reference
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements in depression and anxiety
10.1080/00952990.2018.1545024 · 2019 · External reference
Persistent tinnitus after inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
10.1080/02791072.2020.1847366 · 2021 · External reference
Immunomodulatory and behavioral effects of ayahuasca and N, N-dimethyltryptamine in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced depression
10.1007/s11011-025-01650-6 · 2025 · External reference
Hallucinogenic/psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics: evidence and mechanisms of action
10.1177/0269881120986422 · 2021 · External reference
5-MeO-DMT: an atypical psychedelic with unique pharmacology, phenomenology & risk?
10.1007/s00213-023-06517-1 · 2025 · External reference
Exploratory study of the dose-related safety, tolerability, and efficacy of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in healthy volunteers and major depressive disorder
10.1038/s41386-022-01344-y · 2022 · External reference
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the psychedelic experience induced by N,N-dimethyltryptamine – Implications for dose considerations
10.1111/cts.13410 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Subsensitivity of serotonin and substance P receptors involved in nociception after repeated administration of a serotonin receptor agonist
10.1007/bf01255814 · 1989 · External reference
Acute dose-dependent effects and self-guided titration of continuous N,N-dimethyltryptamine infusions in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants
10.1038/s41386-024-02041-8 · 2025 · External reference
Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and acute effects of intravenous bolus N,N-dimethyltryptamine: double-blind, randomized versus open-label dose-escalation administration study in healthy participants
10.1038/s41398-026-03987-7 · 2026 · External reference
A short-acting psychedelic intervention for major depressive disorder: a phase IIa randomized placebo-controlled trial
10.1038/s41591-025-04154-z · 2026 · External reference
Safety and tolerability of inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine (BMND01 candidate): A phase I clinical trial
10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.12.006 · 2024 · External reference
The antidepressant effects of vaporized N,N-dimethyltryptamine: an open-label pilot trial in treatment-resistant depression
10.1089/psymed.2024.0002 · 2025 · External reference
Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of vaporized N,N-dimethyltryptamine: a phase 2a clinical trial in treatment-resistant depression
10.1038/s41386-025-02091-6 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Humans
10.1007/s13318-023-00822-y · 2023 · External reference
Psychedelics and neural plasticity: therapeutic implications
10.1523/jneurosci.1121-22.2022 · 2022 · External reference
The evolution of N, N-dimethyltryptamine: from metabolic pathways to brain connectivity
10.1007/s00213-025-06777-z · 2025 · External reference
Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens
10.1038/s41386-023-01666-5 · 2024 · External reference
Pharmacological characterisation of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT discriminative cues in the rat and their translational value for identifying novel psychedelics
10.1177/02698811251361453 · 2026 · External reference
SYRCLE'S risk of bias tool for animal studies
10.1186/1471-2288-14-43 · 2014 · External reference
Treatment resistance in psychiatry: state of the art and new directions
10.1038/s41380-021-01200-3 · 2022 · External reference
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and wellbeing effects of SPL026 (dimethyltryptamine fumarate) in healthy participants: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial
2023 · External reference
Inhaled mebufotenin (GH001) for adult patients with postpartum depression: a phase 2a open-label clinical trial
10.4088/jcp.25m16284 · 2026 · External reference
Novel treatments for anorexia nervosa: insights from neuroplasticity research
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2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Treatment interventions for severe and enduring eating disorders: systematic review
10.1002/eat.23322 · 2020 · External reference
Short-term safety and tolerability profile of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in human subjects: a systematic review of clinical trials
10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1477996 · 2024 · External reference
Residual symptoms following empirically supported treatment for PTSD
10.1037/tra0000384 · 2019 · External reference
Spectral signatures of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and ketamine in healthy volunteers and persons with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review
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Biased agonism in psychopharmacology: an opportunity to improve efficacy and safety of treatments
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10.1002/cpt.70344 · 2026 · External reference
Single-dose DMT reverses anhedonia and cognitive deficits via restoration of neurogenesis in a stress-induced depression model
10.1038/s41398-026-03852-7 · 2026 · External reference
Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022 · 2018 · External reference
The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management
10.1002/wps.20771 · 2020 · External reference
Evidence for involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptors in antidepressant-like drug effects on differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-second behavior
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10.1016/j.jsat.2018.07.012 · 2018 · External reference
Treatment resistance in post-traumatic stress disorder
2019 · External reference
Is the psychedelic experience an essential aspect of the therapeutic effect of serotonergic psychedelics? Conceptual, discovery, development and implementation implications for psilocybin and related agents
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Serotonin 5-HT2B receptor agonism and valvular heart disease: implications for the development of psilocybin and related agents
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Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions
10.1002/wps.21120 · 2023 · External reference
Psychedelics for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: interpreting and translating available evidence and guidance for future research
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10.3390/ph18010130 · 2025 · External reference
Ayahuasca and its main component N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) for the treatment of mental disorders: mechanisms of action, clinical studies, and tools to explore the human mind
10.3390/biomedicines14030506 · 2026 · External reference
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study
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Serotonergic psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT alters plasticity-related gene expression and generates anxiolytic effects in stressed mice
10.1038/s41380-024-02655-w · 2025 · External reference
Reactivations associated with the use of 5-MeO-DMT among Spanish-speaking individuals: prevalence, predictors, and emotional valence
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2021 · External reference
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Anxiety-related platform in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: an integrated analysis of behavioural and molecular assay in drug screening research
10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119680 · 2026 · External reference
5-MeO-DMT for post-traumatic stress disorder: a real-world longitudinal case study
2023 · External reference
Less is more? Antidepressant effects of short-acting psychedelics
10.1038/s41386-025-02103-5 · 2025 · External reference
Benefits and challenges of ultra-fast, short-acting psychedelics in the treatment of depression
10.1176/appi.ajp.20230890 · 2025 · External reference
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)
10.1111/jnc.15587 · 2022 · External reference
A phase 1/2 trial to assess safety and efficacy of a vaporized 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine formulation (GH001) in patients with treatment-resistant depression
2023 · External reference
Metabolism and urinary disposition of N,N-dimethyltryptamine after oral and smoked administration: a comparative study
10.1002/dta.1685 · 2015 · External reference
A phase 2 uncontrolled, open-label study of intranasal BPL-003 (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) in patients with treatment-resistant depression
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Psychedelic use in individuals living with eating disorders or disordered eating: findings from the international MED–FED survey
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Phase 1, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose trial to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and effect on altered states of consciousness of intranasal BPL-003 (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine benzoate) in healthy participants
10.1177/02698811241246857 · 2024 · External reference
Zalsupindole: a non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen advancing psychedelic-inspired therapeutics
10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00707 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2012 · External reference
Intranasal 5-MeO-DMT concomitant with SSRI for treatment-resistant depression: a proof-of-concept trial
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Human psychopharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine
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Dose-response study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in humans: I. Neuroendocrine, autonomic, and cardiovascular effects
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Dose-response study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in humans: II. Subjective effects and preliminary results of a new rating scale
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The evolution of the classification of psychiatric disorders
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The potential of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: a first look at therapeutic mechanisms of action
10.1111/adb.13386 · 2024 · External reference
Severe psychiatric disorders and general medical comorbidities: inflammation-related mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
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Effects of DMT on mental health outcomes in healthy volunteers
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10.1007/s00213-019-05236-w · 2019 · External reference
Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment
10.1007/s00213-019-05414-w · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of N,N-dimethyltryptamine administered intravenously in healthy smoking and non-smoking volunteers
2026 · External reference
Psychedelics promote neuroplasticity through the activation of intracellular 5-HT2A receptors
10.1126/science.adf0435 · 2023 · External reference
Acute effects of intravenous DMT in a randomized placebo-controlled study in healthy participants
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Safety, tolerability and subjective effects of vaporized N,N-dimethyltryptamine: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
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Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: a comprehensive overview
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