Research graph
References from Measuring the production of scientific human capital: New data, methods, and evidence on the U.S. scientific training ecosystem. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Why US immigration matters for the global advancement of science
10.1016/j.respol.2022.104659 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Tapping into talent: Coupling education and innovation policies for economic growth
10.1093/restud/rdae047 · 2025 · External reference
Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention
1962 · External reference
Supply and demand for scientists and engineers: A national crisis in the making
10.1126/science.248.4954.425 · 1990 · External reference
Indirect cost recovery in US innovation policy: History, evidence, and avenues for reform
2026 · External reference
Immigration and entrepreneurship in the United States
2022 · External reference
How well do automated linking methods perform? Lessons from US historical data
10.1257/jel.20191526 · 2020 · External reference
Startups, unicorns, and the local influx of inventors
10.1162/rest_a_01547 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1964 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Scientific education and innovation: from technical diplomas to university STEM degrees
10.1093/jeea/jvz049 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
Training the scientific workforce: Does funding mechanism matter?
10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.011 · 2016 · External reference
Quasi-experimental shift-share research designs
10.1093/restud/rdab030 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Nevertheless she persisted? Gender peer effects in doctoral STEM programs
10.1086/714921 · 2022 · External reference
STEM training and early career outcomes of female and male graduate students: Evidence from UMETRICS data linked to the 2010 census
10.1257/aer.p20161124 · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1945 · External reference
Women in academic science: A changing landscape
10.1177/1529100614541236 · 2014 · External reference
Federal funding of doctoral recipients: What can be learned from linked data
10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.001 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Education: The PhD factory
10.1038/472276a · 2011 · External reference
Structured information extraction from scientific text with large language models
10.1038/s41467-024-45563-x · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Experimental evidence on the effect of childhood investments on postsecondary attainment and degree completion
10.1002/pam.21715 · 2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Research and development: A comparison between British and American industry
10.1177/002795016202000104 · 1962 · External reference
Science and economy at the national level
1968 · External reference
Supporting “the best and brightest” in science and engineering: NSF graduate research fellowships
2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1965 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2022 · External reference
Immigration and ideas: what did Russian scientists “bring” to the United States?
10.1086/679741 · 2015 · External reference
Will the US keep the best and the brightest (as postdocs)? Career and location preferences of foreign STEM PhDs
2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Who comes back and when? Return migration decisions of academic scientists
10.1016/j.econlet.2014.07.014 · 2014 · External reference
An advisor like me? Advisor gender and post-graduate careers in science
10.1016/j.respol.2018.02.011 · 2018 · External reference
Skilled immigrants, firms, and the global geography of innovation
10.1257/jep.38.1.3 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2002 · External reference
The numbers makers: Fifty years of science and technology official statistics
10.1023/a:1020921620544 · 2002 · External reference
The emergence of S&T indicators: why did governments supplement statistics with indicators?
10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00032-x · 2003 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2008 · External reference
Bartik instruments: What, when, why, and how
10.1257/aer.20181047 · 2020 · External reference
The labor of division: Returns to compulsory high school math coursework
10.1086/703135 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1998 · External reference
Training across the academy: The impact of R&D funding on graduate students
10.1016/j.respol.2021.104224 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
How much does immigration boost innovation?
2010 · External reference
Large language models in electronic laboratory notebooks: Transforming materials science research workflows
2024 · External reference
The burden of knowledge and the “death of the renaissance man”: Is innovation getting harder?
10.1111/j.1467-937x.2008.00531.x · 2009 · External reference
A calculation of the social returns to innovation
2022 · External reference
Women and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): Are differences in education and careers due to stereotypes, interests, or family?
2017 · External reference
How important is US location for research in science?
10.1162/rest_a_00490 · 2016 · External reference
The impact of permanent residency delays for STEM PhDs: Who leaves and why
10.1016/j.respol.2019.103879 · 2020 · External reference
The supply side of innovation: H-1B visa reforms and US ethnic invention
10.1086/651934 · 2010 · External reference
Are primary funding sources and debt level associated with career outcomes among recent STEM doctoral graduates?
10.1080/00221546.2022.2031706 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
10.1145/3600006.3613165
10.1145/3600006.3613165 · External reference
New linked data on research investments: Scientific workforce, productivity, and public value
10.1016/j.respol.2014.12.013 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Reliance on science: Worldwide front-page patent citations to scientific articles
10.1002/smj.3145 · 2020 · External reference
Reliance on science by inventors: Hybrid extraction of in-text patent-to-article citations
10.1111/jems.12455 · 2022 · External reference
NSF slashes graduate fellowship program
2025 · External reference
The elasticity of science
2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1959 · External reference
The simple economics of basic scientific research
10.1086/258177 · 1959 · External reference
Meeting US defense science and engineering workforce needs: A progress report
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1963 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1963 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
STEM workers, H-1B visas, and productivity in US cities
10.1086/679061 · 2015 · External reference
The future of the postdoc
10.1038/520144a · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2022 · External reference
A taste for science? PhD scientists’ academic orientation and self-selection into research careers in industry
10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.004 · 2010 · External reference
The declining interest in an academic career
10.1371/journal.pone.0184130 · 2017 · External reference
Endogenous technological change
10.1086/261725 · 1990 · External reference
The ripple effects of funding on researchers and output
10.1126/sciadv.abb7348 · 2022 · External reference
Science PhD career preferences: Levels, changes, and advisor encouragement
10.1371/journal.pone.0036307 · 2012 · External reference
Why pursue the postdoc path?
10.1126/science.aaf2061 · 2016 · External reference
Pasteur’s quadrant researchers bring novelty, impact to publishing, and patenting
10.1126/science.adx3736 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1947 · External reference
How to exploit postdocs
10.1525/bio.2013.63.4.2 · 2013 · External reference
Exceptional contributions to US science by the foreign-born and foreign-educated
10.1023/a:1010682017950 · 2001 · External reference
STEM graduates, human capital externalities, and wages in the US
10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2014.07.003 · 2014 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Experimental evidence on the effect of childhood investments on postsecondary attainment and degree completion
10.1002/pam.21715 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reliance on science: Worldwide front-page patent citations to scientific articles
10.1002/smj.3145 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Who comes back and when? Return migration decisions of academic scientists
10.1016/j.econlet.2014.07.014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
STEM graduates, human capital externalities, and wages in the US
10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2014.07.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A taste for science? PhD scientists’ academic orientation and self-selection into research careers in industry
10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
New linked data on research investments: Scientific workforce, productivity, and public value
10.1016/j.respol.2014.12.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Training the scientific workforce: Does funding mechanism matter?
10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An advisor like me? Advisor gender and post-graduate careers in science
10.1016/j.respol.2018.02.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Federal funding of doctoral recipients: What can be learned from linked data
10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of permanent residency delays for STEM PhDs: Who leaves and why
10.1016/j.respol.2019.103879 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Training across the academy: The impact of R&D funding on graduate students
10.1016/j.respol.2021.104224 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Why US immigration matters for the global advancement of science
10.1016/j.respol.2022.104659 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The emergence of S&T indicators: why did governments supplement statistics with indicators?
10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00032-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exceptional contributions to US science by the foreign-born and foreign-educated
10.1023/a:1010682017950 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The numbers makers: Fifty years of science and technology official statistics
10.1023/a:1020921620544 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Education: The PhD factory
10.1038/472276a · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The future of the postdoc
10.1038/520144a · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structured information extraction from scientific text with large language models
10.1038/s41467-024-45563-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Are primary funding sources and debt level associated with career outcomes among recent STEM doctoral graduates?
10.1080/00221546.2022.2031706 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The simple economics of basic scientific research
10.1086/258177 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Endogenous technological change
10.1086/261725 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The supply side of innovation: H-1B visa reforms and US ethnic invention
10.1086/651934 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
STEM workers, H-1B visas, and productivity in US cities
10.1086/679061 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immigration and ideas: what did Russian scientists “bring” to the United States?
10.1086/679741 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The labor of division: Returns to compulsory high school math coursework
10.1086/703135 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Nevertheless she persisted? Gender peer effects in doctoral STEM programs
10.1086/714921 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Scientific education and innovation: from technical diplomas to university STEM degrees
10.1093/jeea/jvz049 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Quasi-experimental shift-share research designs
10.1093/restud/rdab030 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tapping into talent: Coupling education and innovation policies for economic growth
10.1093/restud/rdae047 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The burden of knowledge and the “death of the renaissance man”: Is innovation getting harder?
10.1111/j.1467-937x.2008.00531.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reliance on science by inventors: Hybrid extraction of in-text patent-to-article citations
10.1111/jems.12455 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The ripple effects of funding on researchers and output
10.1126/sciadv.abb7348 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Supply and demand for scientists and engineers: A national crisis in the making
10.1126/science.248.4954.425 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Why pursue the postdoc path?
10.1126/science.aaf2061 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pasteur’s quadrant researchers bring novelty, impact to publishing, and patenting
10.1126/science.adx3736 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1145/3600006.3613165
10.1145/3600006.3613165 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How important is US location for research in science?
10.1162/rest_a_00490 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Startups, unicorns, and the local influx of inventors
10.1162/rest_a_01547 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Research and development: A comparison between British and American industry
10.1177/002795016202000104 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Women in academic science: A changing landscape
10.1177/1529100614541236 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Bartik instruments: What, when, why, and how
10.1257/aer.20181047 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
STEM training and early career outcomes of female and male graduate students: Evidence from UMETRICS data linked to the 2010 census
10.1257/aer.p20161124 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How well do automated linking methods perform? Lessons from US historical data
10.1257/jel.20191526 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Skilled immigrants, firms, and the global geography of innovation
10.1257/jep.38.1.3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Science PhD career preferences: Levels, changes, and advisor encouragement
10.1371/journal.pone.0036307 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The declining interest in an academic career
10.1371/journal.pone.0184130 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How to exploit postdocs
10.1525/bio.2013.63.4.2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
