Research graph
References from Educational inequality across countries: An integrative data analysis of TIMSS 2023 data. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
What school factors are associated with the success of socio-economically disadvantaged students? An empirical investigation using PISA data
10.1007/s11205-021-02668-w · 2021 · External reference
A quantitative synthesis of the immigrant achievement gap across OECD countries
10.1186/s40536-014-0007-2 · 2014 · External reference
Unpacking equity. Educational equity in secondary analyses of international large-scale assessments: A systematic review
10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100494 · 2023 · External reference
Re-thinking equity: The need for a multidimensional approach in evaluating educational equity through TIMSS data
10.1186/s40536-024-00227-6 · 2024 · External reference
Concepts of school finance equity: 1970 to the present
1999 · External reference
Educational expansion and inequalities in educational opportunity: Long-term changes for East and West Germany
10.1093/esr/jcv017 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1972 · External reference
Interpersonal styles and labor market outcomes
10.3368/jhr.43.4.815 · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1974 · External reference
The forms of capital
1986 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and child development
10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · 2002 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
Meta-analyzing individual participant data from studies with complex survey designs: A tutorial on using the two-stage approach for data from educational large-scale assessments
10.1002/jrsm.1584 · 2023 · External reference
Between-school variation in students’ achievement, motivation, affect, and learning strategies: Results from 81 countries for planning group-randomized trials in education
10.1080/19345747.2017.1375584 · 2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
The relationship between SES segregation and student outcomes
2024 · External reference
A primer on synthesizing individual participant data obtained from complex sampling surveys: A two-stage IPD meta-analysis approach
10.1037/met0000539 · 2025 · External reference
Analyzing big data in psychology: A split/analyze/meta-analyze approach
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00738 · 2016 · External reference
The global increase in the socioeconomic achievement gap, 1964–2015
10.1177/0003122419847165 · 2019 · External reference
The road to excellence: Promoting access and equity to close the achievement gap internationally
2014 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1966 · External reference
The relative benefits of meta-analysis conducted with individual participant data versus aggregated data
10.1037/a0015565 · 2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2012 · External reference
Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets
10.1037/a0015914 · 2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2014 · External reference
Meta-analysis and mega-analysis: A simple introduction
10.1111/test.12242 · 2021 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and wellbeing as predictors of students’ academic achievement: Evidence from a developing country
10.1017/jgc.2021.10 · 2023 · External reference
Socioeconomic status as a multidimensional predictor of student achievement in 77 societies
2021 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and inequalities in children’s IQ and economic preferences
10.1086/714992 · 2021 · External reference
10.1787/9789264032606-en
10.1787/9789264032606-en · 2007 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Childhood wealth inequality in the United States: Implications for social stratification and well-being
10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.01 · 2021 · External reference
Does socioeconomic sorting of teacher qualifications exacerbate mathematics achievement inequity? Panel data estimates from 20 years of TIMSS
10.1016/j.stueduc.2023.101255 · 2023 · External reference
Institutional characteristics of education systems and inequalities—Introduction I
10.1177/0020715220988040 · 2020 · External reference
Learning inequality in francophone Africa: School quality and the educational achievement of rich and poor children
10.1177/0038040720919379 · 2020 · External reference
Can China’s higher education expansion reduce the educational inequality between urban and rural areas?
10.1080/00221546.2023.2168408 · 2023 · External reference
Gender differences in how family income and parental education relate to reading achievement in China: The mediating role of parental expectation and parental involvement
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00783 · 2018 · External reference
Global universal basic skills: Current deficits and implications for world development
10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103205 · 2024 · External reference
School characteristics moderating the relation between student socio-economic status and mathematics achievement in grade 8. Evidence from 50 countries in TIMSS 2011
10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.09.004 · 2018 · External reference
MplusAutomation: An R package for facilitating large-scale latent variable analyses in mplus
10.1080/10705511.2017.1402334 · 2018 · External reference
Long-run trends in the U.S. SES-achievement gap
2020 · External reference
Long-run Trends in the U.S. SES—achievement
10.1162/edfp_a_00383 · 2022 · External reference
The unwavering SES achievement gap: Trends in U.S. student performance
2019 · External reference
The economics of international differences in educational achievement
2010 · External reference
School resources and student achievement: A review of cross-country economic research
2016 · External reference
The surprisingly modest relationship between SES and educational achievement
10.1080/00220973.2015.1123668 · 2017 · External reference
An empirical example of capturing the impact of SES on student achievement using path analysis
10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101715 · 2021 · External reference
Residential mobility, family structure, and completion of upper secondary education – A registry-based cohort study of the Norwegian adolescent population
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02311 · 2019 · External reference
Toward an understanding of intersectionality methodology: A 30-year literature synthesis of black women’s experiences in higher education
10.3102/0034654320946822 · 2020 · External reference
Closing the achievement gap in the classroom through culturally relevant pedagogy
10.5539/jel.v11n2p1 · 2022 · External reference
A meta-analysis on the relationship between school characteristics and student outcomes in science and math: Evidence from large-scale studies
10.1080/03057267.2020.1735758 · 2020 · External reference
The politics of PISA: The media, policy and public responses in Norway and England
10.1111/ejed.12219 · 2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2017 · External reference
Institution level awarding gap metrics for identifying educational inequity: Useful tools or reductive distractions?
10.1007/s10734-024-01216-y · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2017 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and academic outcomes in developing countries: A meta-analysis
10.3102/0034654319877155 · 2019 · External reference
Explaining social disparities in mathematical achievement: the role of motivation
10.1002/per.2042 · 2016 · External reference
Investigating the quality and equity dimensions of educational effectiveness
10.1016/j.stueduc.2017.12.005 · 2018 · External reference
Predictive validity of SES measures for student achievement
10.1080/10627197.2019.1645590 · 2019 · External reference
Approaches to equity in policy for lifelong learning
2003 · External reference
Conceptions of educational equity
10.1177/23328584221121344 · 2022 · External reference
Meta-analysis and meta-regression: An alternative to multilevel analysis when the number of countries is small
2021 · External reference
The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment: Confirmation from meta-analysis
10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1181 · 1993 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and academic achievement in primary and secondary education: A meta-analytic review
10.1007/s10648-022-09689-y · 2022 · External reference
Classroom climate and contextual effects: Conceptual and methodological issues in the evaluation of group-level effects
10.1080/00461520.2012.670488 · 2012 · External reference
Doubly-latent models of school contextual effects: Integrating multilevel and structural equation approaches to control measurement and sampling error
10.1080/00273170903333665 · 2009 · External reference
Sampling design in ILSA: Methods and implications
2022 · External reference
Overview of ILSAs and aspects of data reuse
2022 · External reference
Wealth and child development: Differences in associations by family income and developmental stage
10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.07 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
2012 · External reference
High school socioeconomic segregation and student attainment
10.3102/0002831213481240 · 2013 · External reference
Does schooling decrease socioeconomic inequality in early achievement? A differential exposure approach
10.1177/00031224211049188 · 2021 · External reference
10.32614/cran.package.clubsandwich
10.32614/cran.package.clubsandwich · External reference
Contextual effects on the self-perceived efficacy of high school teachers
10.2307/2112680 · 1992 · External reference
School spending and student achievement: Mechanisms
10.1177/23727322251353713 · 2025 · External reference
The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations
2011 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Does segregation still matter? The impact of student composition on academic achievement in high school
10.1177/016146810510700905 · 2005 · External reference
Measuring socioeconomic background in PISA: One size might not fit all
10.2304/rcie.2013.8.3.259 · 2013 · External reference
Examining factors affecting reading and math growth and achievement gaps in grades 1-5: A cohort-sequential longitudinal approach
10.1037/edu0000400 · 2020 · External reference
A tutorial on the meta-analytic structural equation modeling of reliability coefficients
10.1037/met0000261 · 2020 · External reference
TIMSS 2023 sampling implementation
2024 · External reference
10.6017/lse.tpisc.timss.rs7952
10.6017/lse.tpisc.timss.rs7952 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research
10.3102/00346543075003417 · 2005 · External reference
Equity audits: A practical leadership tool for developing equitable and excellent schools
10.1177/0013161x03259148 · 2004 · External reference
Effects of family socioeconomic status on educational outcomes in primary and secondary education: A systematic review of the causal evidence
10.1007/s10648-025-10004-8 · 2025 · External reference
The association between family socioeconomic status and urban–rural and high-school attainment gaps: A logistic regression analysis of the China Family Panel Studies data
10.1002/berj.3817 · 2022 · External reference
Early tracking and different types of inequalities in achievement: Difference-in-differences evidence from 20 years of large-scale assessments
10.1007/s11092-020-09346-4 · 2021 · External reference
Studying educational inequality: Reintroducing normative notions
2014 · External reference
The contribution of international large-scale assessments to educational research: Combining individual and institutional data sources
10.1080/00313831.2016.1258729 · 2018 · External reference
Reviewing the TIMSS achievement data
2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Early tracking and social inequality in educational attainment: Educational reforms in 21 European countries
10.1086/705500 · 2019 · External reference
Achievement inequality and the institutional structure of educational systems: A comparative perspective
10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102538 · 2010 · External reference
The effect of peer socioeconomic status on student achievement: A meta-analysis
10.1016/j.edurev.2010.02.001 · 2010 · External reference
Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package
2010 · External reference
What are plausible values and why are they useful?
2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis
10.1037/a0036620 · 2014 · External reference
The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement
10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.461 · 1982 · External reference
Students’ self-reported background SES measures in TIMSS in relation to register SES measures when analysing students’ achievements in Sweden
10.1080/00313831.2021.1983863 · 2023 · External reference
Welcome to the Tidyverse
10.21105/joss.01686 · 2019 · External reference
Modeling approaches for cross-sectional integrative data analysis: Evaluations and recommendations
10.1037/met0000397 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
School composition and contextual effects on student outcomes
10.1177/016146811011200408 · 2010 · External reference
Socioeconomic differences in school dropout among young adults: The role of social relations
10.1186/s12889-015-2391-0 · 2015 · External reference
The impact of student poverty on science teaching and learning: A cross-national comparison of the South African Case
10.1177/0002764211408861 · 2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Deciphering socioeconomic inequality in science literacy: Evidence from PISA 2015 in Türkiye
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2024.103173 · 2024 · External reference
TIMSS 2023 assessment design
2021 · External reference
Effects of socioeconomic status and its components on academic achievement: evidence from Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang (China)
10.1080/02188791.2021.2015286 · 2023 · External reference
The association between family socioeconomic status and urban–rural and high-school attainment gaps: A logistic regression analysis of the China Family Panel Studies data
10.1002/berj.3817 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Meta-analyzing individual participant data from studies with complex survey designs: A tutorial on using the two-stage approach for data from educational large-scale assessments
10.1002/jrsm.1584 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Explaining social disparities in mathematical achievement: the role of motivation
10.1002/per.2042 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic status and academic achievement in primary and secondary education: A meta-analytic review
10.1007/s10648-022-09689-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of family socioeconomic status on educational outcomes in primary and secondary education: A systematic review of the causal evidence
10.1007/s10648-025-10004-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Institution level awarding gap metrics for identifying educational inequity: Useful tools or reductive distractions?
10.1007/s10734-024-01216-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early tracking and different types of inequalities in achievement: Difference-in-differences evidence from 20 years of large-scale assessments
10.1007/s11092-020-09346-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
What school factors are associated with the success of socio-economically disadvantaged students? An empirical investigation using PISA data
10.1007/s11205-021-02668-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of peer socioeconomic status on student achievement: A meta-analysis
10.1016/j.edurev.2010.02.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Unpacking equity. Educational equity in secondary analyses of international large-scale assessments: A systematic review
10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100494 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deciphering socioeconomic inequality in science literacy: Evidence from PISA 2015 in Türkiye
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2024.103173 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An empirical example of capturing the impact of SES on student achievement using path analysis
10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101715 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global universal basic skills: Current deficits and implications for world development
10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103205 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
School characteristics moderating the relation between student socio-economic status and mathematics achievement in grade 8. Evidence from 50 countries in TIMSS 2011
10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.09.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Investigating the quality and equity dimensions of educational effectiveness
10.1016/j.stueduc.2017.12.005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Does socioeconomic sorting of teacher qualifications exacerbate mathematics achievement inequity? Panel data estimates from 20 years of TIMSS
10.1016/j.stueduc.2023.101255 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic status and wellbeing as predictors of students’ academic achievement: Evidence from a developing country
10.1017/jgc.2021.10 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment: Confirmation from meta-analysis
10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1181 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement
10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.461 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relative benefits of meta-analysis conducted with individual participant data versus aggregated data
10.1037/a0015565 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets
10.1037/a0015914 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis
10.1037/a0036620 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining factors affecting reading and math growth and achievement gaps in grades 1-5: A cohort-sequential longitudinal approach
10.1037/edu0000400 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A tutorial on the meta-analytic structural equation modeling of reliability coefficients
10.1037/met0000261 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Modeling approaches for cross-sectional integrative data analysis: Evaluations and recommendations
10.1037/met0000397 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A primer on synthesizing individual participant data obtained from complex sampling surveys: A two-stage IPD meta-analysis approach
10.1037/met0000539 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The surprisingly modest relationship between SES and educational achievement
10.1080/00220973.2015.1123668 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Can China’s higher education expansion reduce the educational inequality between urban and rural areas?
10.1080/00221546.2023.2168408 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Doubly-latent models of school contextual effects: Integrating multilevel and structural equation approaches to control measurement and sampling error
10.1080/00273170903333665 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The contribution of international large-scale assessments to educational research: Combining individual and institutional data sources
10.1080/00313831.2016.1258729 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Students’ self-reported background SES measures in TIMSS in relation to register SES measures when analysing students’ achievements in Sweden
10.1080/00313831.2021.1983863 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Classroom climate and contextual effects: Conceptual and methodological issues in the evaluation of group-level effects
10.1080/00461520.2012.670488 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of socioeconomic status and its components on academic achievement: evidence from Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang (China)
10.1080/02188791.2021.2015286 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A meta-analysis on the relationship between school characteristics and student outcomes in science and math: Evidence from large-scale studies
10.1080/03057267.2020.1735758 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predictive validity of SES measures for student achievement
10.1080/10627197.2019.1645590 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
MplusAutomation: An R package for facilitating large-scale latent variable analyses in mplus
10.1080/10705511.2017.1402334 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Between-school variation in students’ achievement, motivation, affect, and learning strategies: Results from 81 countries for planning group-randomized trials in education
10.1080/19345747.2017.1375584 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early tracking and social inequality in educational attainment: Educational reforms in 21 European countries
10.1086/705500 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic status and inequalities in children’s IQ and economic preferences
10.1086/714992 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Educational expansion and inequalities in educational opportunity: Long-term changes for East and West Germany
10.1093/esr/jcv017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The politics of PISA: The media, policy and public responses in Norway and England
10.1111/ejed.12219 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Meta-analysis and mega-analysis: A simple introduction
10.1111/test.12242 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic status and child development
10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Achievement inequality and the institutional structure of educational systems: A comparative perspective
10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102538 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Long-run Trends in the U.S. SES—achievement
10.1162/edfp_a_00383 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of student poverty on science teaching and learning: A cross-national comparison of the South African Case
10.1177/0002764211408861 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The global increase in the socioeconomic achievement gap, 1964–2015
10.1177/0003122419847165 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Does schooling decrease socioeconomic inequality in early achievement? A differential exposure approach
10.1177/00031224211049188 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Equity audits: A practical leadership tool for developing equitable and excellent schools
10.1177/0013161x03259148 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Institutional characteristics of education systems and inequalities—Introduction I
10.1177/0020715220988040 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Learning inequality in francophone Africa: School quality and the educational achievement of rich and poor children
10.1177/0038040720919379 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Does segregation still matter? The impact of student composition on academic achievement in high school
10.1177/016146810510700905 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
School composition and contextual effects on student outcomes
10.1177/016146811011200408 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conceptions of educational equity
10.1177/23328584221121344 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
School spending and student achievement: Mechanisms
10.1177/23727322251353713 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic differences in school dropout among young adults: The role of social relations
10.1186/s12889-015-2391-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A quantitative synthesis of the immigrant achievement gap across OECD countries
10.1186/s40536-014-0007-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Re-thinking equity: The need for a multidimensional approach in evaluating educational equity through TIMSS data
10.1186/s40536-024-00227-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1787/9789264032606-en
10.1787/9789264032606-en · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Welcome to the Tidyverse
10.21105/joss.01686 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Measuring socioeconomic background in PISA: One size might not fit all
10.2304/rcie.2013.8.3.259 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Contextual effects on the self-perceived efficacy of high school teachers
10.2307/2112680 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High school socioeconomic segregation and student attainment
10.3102/0002831213481240 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research
10.3102/00346543075003417 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Socioeconomic status and academic outcomes in developing countries: A meta-analysis
10.3102/0034654319877155 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Toward an understanding of intersectionality methodology: A 30-year literature synthesis of black women’s experiences in higher education
10.3102/0034654320946822 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.32614/cran.package.clubsandwich
10.32614/cran.package.clubsandwich · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Interpersonal styles and labor market outcomes
10.3368/jhr.43.4.815 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Analyzing big data in psychology: A split/analyze/meta-analyze approach
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00738 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gender differences in how family income and parental education relate to reading achievement in China: The mediating role of parental expectation and parental involvement
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00783 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Residential mobility, family structure, and completion of upper secondary education – A registry-based cohort study of the Norwegian adolescent population
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02311 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Closing the achievement gap in the classroom through culturally relevant pedagogy
10.5539/jel.v11n2p1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.6017/lse.tpisc.timss.rs7952
10.6017/lse.tpisc.timss.rs7952 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Childhood wealth inequality in the United States: Implications for social stratification and well-being
10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.01 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wealth and child development: Differences in associations by family income and developmental stage
10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.07 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
