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References from Potential genotoxic, apoptotic, inflammatory and biochemical effects of long-term propofol anaesthesia in rabbit tissues. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Desflurane anaesthesia increases sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes
10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00779.x · 2005 · External reference
Evaluation of anaesthesia with xylazine-ketamine and xylazine-fentanyl-ketamine in rabbits: a comparative study
10.31797/vetbio.1129402 · 2023 · External reference
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding
10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 · 1976 · External reference
DNA damage in patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery under inhalation or intravenous anesthesia
10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.09.007 · 2011 · External reference
Lower levels of oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in lymphocytes from patients undergoing surgery with propofol anesthesia
10.1002/em.20690 · 2012 · External reference
Evaluation of DNA damage and lipoperoxidation of propofol in patients undergoing elective surgery
10.1097/eja.0b013e328329b12c · 2009 · External reference
vivo study of hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in rabbits with severe hypotension after propofol prolonged infusion
10.1186/s40064-016-2970-2 · 2016 · External reference
Role of ferroptosis in hypoxic preconditioning to reduce propofol neurotoxicity
2023 · External reference
PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial quality control: molecular mechanisms and implications for heart failure
2022 · External reference
Methodological comparison of DNA extraction from Holcocerrus hippophaecolus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) for AFLP analysis
10.1007/s11632-008-0035-5 · 2008 · External reference
TNF-α mediates the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway in propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in rat prefrontal cortical neurons
10.1007/s12640-017-9751-8 · 2017 · External reference
Molecular targets underlying general anaesthesia
10.1038/sj.bjp.0706441 · 2006 · External reference
Propofol infusion syndrome: update of clinical manifestation and pathophysiology
2009 · External reference
Disposition of propofol administered as constant rate intravenous infusions in humans
1987 · External reference
Polydatin attenuates sodium fluoride-induced oxidative and inflammatory damage in rats
2025 · External reference
Glutathione S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation
10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42083-8 · 1974 · External reference
Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured literature review and analysis of published case reports
10.1016/j.bja.2018.12.025 · 2019 · External reference
Investigation of genotoxic effect of desflurane and sevoflurane on periferic lymphocyte with comet assay method
10.4274/haseki.3056 · 2016 · External reference
Propofol postconditioning attenuates hippocampus ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway in rats after autogenous orthotropic liver transplantation
10.1016/j.brainres.2016.12.015 · 2017 · External reference
Ecological risk assessment of environmentally relevant concentrations of propofol on zebrafish (Danio rerio) at early life stage: insight into physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137846 · 2023 · External reference
Evaluation of the biological response of propofol in zebrafish (Danio rerio): focusing on biochemical, transcriptional, and molecular level
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120764 · 2023 · External reference
Comparison of genotoxicity of sevoflurane and isoflurane in human lymphocytes studied in vivo using the comet assay
10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00159-0 · 2001 · External reference
Diazepam and propofol used as anesthetics during open-heart surgery do not cause chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes
10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.10.021 · 2005 · External reference
A comparison between medetomidine-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in rabbits
2004 · External reference
Effects of coenzyme Q10 in a propofol infusion syndrome model of rabbits
10.2478/abm-2023-0058 · 2023 · External reference
Propofol anesthesia in children does not induce sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes
10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.08.007 · 2003 · External reference
Propofol mitigates brain injury and oxidative stress, and enhances GABAA receptor α1 subunit expression in a rat model of lithium chloride-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus
10.55730/1300-0144.5670 · 2023 · External reference
Isoflurane causes greater neurodegeneration than an equivalent exposure of sevoflurane in the developing brain of neonatal mice
10.1097/aln.0b013e3181d94da5 · 2010 · External reference
Repeated propofol exposure-induced neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in aged rats by activation of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome
10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135461 · 2021 · External reference
Development of a rapid electrophoretic assay for genomic DNA damage quantification
2021 · External reference
Avenanthramide-C activates Nrf2/ARE pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis pathway to improve cognitive dysfunction in aging rats
10.1007/s11064-022-03754-2 · 2023 · External reference
Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x · 1974 · External reference
Evaluation of the interaction mechanism of dsDNA-propofol binding: electrochemical, thermodynamic, molecular docking studies and comet assay
10.1016/j.microc.2025.113647 · 2025 · External reference
Investigation of propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam-related toxicity and the protective effect of midazolam on THLE-2 cell lines
10.1515/tjb-2024-0234 · 2025 · External reference
General anesthetics and therapeutic gases
2011 · External reference
Induction of TNF-α signaling cascade in neonatal rat brain during propofol anesthesia
10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.05.003 · 2015 · External reference
Propofol attenuates toxic oxidative stress by CCl4 in liver mitochondria and blood in rat
2014 · External reference
Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol
10.1007/s40262-018-0672-3 · 2018 · External reference
Tridax procumbens Leaf Extract Mitigated Vincristine-Induced Organ Pathology and Oxidative Imbalances in Wistar Rats
2026 · External reference
Ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in rabbits
2005 · External reference
Genotoxic effects of anesthetic agents: an update
10.1517/14740338.2011.586627 · 2011 · External reference
Propofol-related infusion syndrome: a clinical review
2022 · External reference
A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells
10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0 · 1988 · External reference
Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid
10.1016/0003-2697(85)90442-7 · 1985 · External reference
Propofol induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis and cell death in a mitochondrial electron transport chain-dependent manner
10.1371/journal.pone.0192796 · 2018 · External reference
Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing
10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::aid-em8>3.0.co;2-j · 2000 · External reference
Comparison of the genotoxicity of propofol and desflurane using the comet assay in the lymphocytes of patients who underwent lumbar discectomy: a randomized trial
10.15537/smj.2024.45.5.20240077 · 2024 · External reference
No genotoxic effect of propofol in Chinese hamster ovary cells: analysis by sister chromatid exchanges
10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.441013.x · 2000 · External reference
Antioxidant-prooxidant alterations of propofol in New Zealand White rabbits
2025 · External reference
Low dose of the anesthetic propofol does not induce genotoxic or mutagenic effects in Nile tilapia
10.1080/00028487.2013.856814 · 2014 · External reference
Propofol: a review of its non-anaesthetic effects
10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.007 · 2009 · External reference
Chemical analysis and molecular modelling of cyclodextrin-formulated propofol and its sodium salt to improve drug solubility, stability and pharmacokinetics (cytogenotoxicity)
10.3390/ph16050667 · 2023 · External reference
Propofol induces DNA damage in mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells
10.3892/or.2013.2722 · 2013 · External reference
The propofol-induced mitochondrial damage in fetal rat hippocampal neurons via the AMPK/P53 signaling pathway
10.21037/atm-22-4374 · 2022 · External reference
Esketamine improves propofol-induced brain injury and cognitive impairment in rats
10.1515/tnsci-2022-0251 · 2022 · External reference
Propofol attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes involves haeme oxygenase-1
10.1017/s0265021508003542 · 2008 · External reference
The genotoxicity effects and oxidative stress of common volatile and injectable anesthesia drugs on peripheral blood during irradiation of BALB/c mice
2024 · External reference
Intravenous anesthetic protects hepatocyte from reactive oxygen species‑induced cellular apoptosis during liver transplantation in vivo
10.1155/2018/4780615 · 2018 · External reference
Organ toxicity and mortality in propofol-sedated rabbits under prolonged mechanical ventilation
10.1213/01.ane.0000265544.44948.0b · 2007 · External reference
Repeated exposure to propofol potentiates neuroapoptosis and long-term behavioral deficits in neonatal rats
10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.033 · 2013 · External reference
Function of SOD1, SOD2, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the protection of propofol on spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury in a rabbit model
10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.005 · 2016 · External reference
PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway mediates propofol-induced long-term learning and memory impairment in hippocampus of rats
10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.022 · 2018 · External reference