Research graph
References from Procedural sedation with subcutaneously administered medetomidine-vatinoxan-butorphanol in dogs – a randomized, controlled, clinical dose-finding study. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular dexmedetomidine in dogs
2023 · External reference
vivo quantification of muscle damage in dogs after intramuscular administration of drugs
10.1016/s0007-1935(95)80010-7 · 1995 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration to dogs
10.1111/jvp.12239 · 2016 · External reference
Comparison of premedication with or without vatinoxan, co-administered with medetomidine and methadone, in anesthetized dogs
10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105958 · 2025 · External reference
The role of active transport in the transcellular movement of the peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, MK-467: An in vitro pilot study
2017 · External reference
Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs
10.2460/javma.1995.206.02.194 · 1995 · External reference
The effect of intravenous maropitant on blood pressure in healthy awake and anesthetized dogs
10.1371/journal.pone.0229736 · 2020 · External reference
Effects of orally administered enalapril on blood pressure and hemodynamic response to vasopressors during isoflurane anesthesia in healthy dogs
10.1111/vaa.12338 · 2016 · External reference
Comparison Between Medetomidine and a Medetomidine-Vatinoxan Combination on Cardiorespiratory Variables in Dogs Undergoing Ovariectomy Anesthetized with Butorphanol, Propofol and Sevoflurane or Desflurane
10.3390/ani14223322 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of hydromorphone alone and combined with medetomidine-vatinoxan or dexmedetomidine on alfaxalone induction dose and mean arterial pressure in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane
10.1016/j.vaa.2024.10.138 · 2025 · External reference
The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research
2020 · External reference
Effects of a peripheral alpha2 adrenergic-receptor antagonist on the hemodynamic changes induced by medetomidine administration in conscious dogs
10.2460/ajvr.69.6.728 · 2008 · External reference
Inverse Monte Carlo in a multilayered tissue model: merging diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry
10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.127004 · 2013 · External reference
The Influence of Dexmedetomidine Added to Ropivacaine on Its Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects During Lumbar Plexus Block
2025 · External reference
The impact of MK-467 on sedation, heart rate and arterial blood pressure after intramuscular coadministration with dexmedetomidine in conscious cats
10.1016/j.vaa.2016.08.011 · 2017 · External reference
The effects of increasing doses of MK-467, a peripheral alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, on the cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in conscious dogs
10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01242.x · 2011 · External reference
Concentrations of medetomidine enantiomers and vatinoxan, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, in plasma and central nervous tissue after intravenous coadministration in dogs
10.1016/j.vaa.2019.07.004 · 2020 · External reference
Vatinoxan increases microcirculation in dogs anaesthetised with medetomidine-methadone-propofol-isoflurane for prescrotal castration - A randomized, clinical study
10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106454 · 2025 · External reference
Speed-resolved perfusion imaging using multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging and machine learning
10.1117/1.jbo.28.3.036007 · 2023 · External reference
Clinical pharmacology of methadone in dogs
10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00476.x · 2010 · External reference
Peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonism affects the absorption of intramuscularly coadministered drugs
10.1016/j.vaa.2018.01.008 · 2018 · External reference
Peripherally acting α-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 with intramuscular medetomidine and butorphanol in dogs: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial
10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.007 · 2018 · External reference
Nausea: current knowledge of mechanisms, measurement and clinical impact
10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.007 · 2015 · External reference
Evaluation of cardiac effects of a medetomidine-vatinoxan and methadone combination in healthy dogs: radiographic and echocardiographic assessment
10.1016/j.vaa.2026.101251 · 2026 · External reference
Randomised clinical trial comparing clinically relevant sedation outcome measures in dogs after intramuscular administration of medetomidine in combination with midazolam or butorphanol for routine diagnostic imaging procedures
10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.001 · 2018 · External reference
Effects of vatinoxan in rats sedated with a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl
10.1186/s13028-024-00744-y · 2024 · External reference
Peripheral alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist vatinoxan improves the quality of medetomidine-midazolam sedation in Wistar rats
10.1016/j.vaa.2025.04.002 · 2025 · External reference
Diagnostic value of vertebral left atrial size as determined from thoracic radiographs for assessment of left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
10.2460/javma.253.8.1038 · 2018 · External reference
Effect of premedication with butorphanol or methadone on ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation in dogs
10.1016/j.vaa.2017.05.004 · 2017 · External reference
Comparison between dexmedetomidine and a combination of medetomidine-vatinoxan on muscle tissue saturation in privately-owned adult dogs undergoing intradermal testing
10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105207 · 2024 · External reference
Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine: a review of cardiovascular effects and antinociceptive properties in the dog
10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00233.x · 2005 · External reference
The impact of vatinoxan on microcirculation after intramuscular co-administration with medetomidine in Beagle dogs: a blinded crossover study
10.1016/j.vaa.2021.07.007 · 2022 · External reference
A novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist attenuates the early, but preserves the late cardiovascular effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in conscious dogs
10.1016/s1053-0770(98)90197-5 · 1998 · External reference
Medetomidine-vatinoxan-methadone and acepromazine-methadone: comparison of sedative and cardiovascular properties as a preanaesthetic medication in healthy dogs
10.1186/s13028-025-00844-3 · 2025 · External reference
Plasma concentration and cardiovascular effects of intramuscular medetomidine combined with three doses of the peripheral alpha2-antagonist MK-467 in dogs
10.1016/j.vaa.2016.04.006 · 2017 · External reference
Comparative gastrointestinal and biliary tract effects of morphine and butorphanol (Stadol)
1979 · External reference
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of the peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonist MK 0467 administered intravenously or intramuscularly concurrently with medetomidine in dogs
10.2460/ajvr.73.5.587 · 2012 · External reference
Effects of vatinoxan in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol followed by sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized clinical study
10.1016/j.vaa.2022.08.002 · 2022 · External reference
Atipamezole increases medetomidine clearance in the dog: an agonist-antagonist interaction
10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00599.x · 1995 · External reference
How to score sedation and adjust the administration rate of sedatives in horses: a literature review and introduction of the Ghent Sedation Algorithm
10.1016/j.vaa.2018.08.005 · 2019 · External reference
Propofol anesthesia
10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50059-4 · 1999 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous buprenorphine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized, prospective, masked, clinical trial
10.1186/s12917-020-02364-w · 2020 · External reference
Effects of acepromazine and dexmedetomidine, followed by propofol induction and maintenance with isoflurane anaesthesia, on the microcirculation of Beagle dogs evaluated by sidestream dark field imaging: an experimental trial
10.1016/j.vaa.2022.04.001 · 2022 · External reference
Effects of MK-467 hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide on cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal changes induced by detomidine hydrochloride in horses
10.2460/ajvr.79.4.376 · 2018 · External reference
Cardiovascular and sedation reversal effects of intramuscular administration of atipamezole in dogs treated with medetomidine hydrochloride with or without the peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan hydrochloride
10.2460/ajvr.80.10.912 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of intramuscular vatinoxan (MK-467), co-administered with medetomidine and butorphanol, on cardiopulmonary and anaesthetic effects of intravenous ketamine in dogs
10.1016/j.vaa.2020.05.008 · 2020 · External reference
Subcutaneous Injection of Drugs: Literature Review of Factors Influencing Pain Sensation at the Injection Site
10.1007/s12325-019-01101-6 · 2019 · External reference
The impact of intravenous medetomidine and vatinoxan on echocardiographic evaluation of dogs with stage B1 mitral valve disease
10.1016/j.jvc.2024.04.003 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on cardiac characteristics measured using radiography and echocardiography in six healthy dogs
10.1111/vru.12305 · 2016 · External reference
Locally injected dexmedetomidine induces vasoconstriction via peripheral α-2A adrenoceptor subtype in guinea pigs
10.1097/aap.0000000000000048 · 2014 · External reference
