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References from Chronic stress as a modifier of cancer biology: Mechanisms linking neuroendocrine signaling to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Psychological stress and cancer: new evidence of an increasingly strong link
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Corticotropin releasing factor promotes breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness
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Neuroendocrine influences on cancer progression
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The impact of stress on tumor growth: peripheral CRF mediates tumor-promoting effects of stress
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Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response
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Stiff collagen matrices increase tumorigenic prolactin signaling in breast cancer cells
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Psychological intervention improves quality of life in patients with early-stage cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
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Chronic psychological stress promotes lung metastatic colonization of circulating breast cancer cells by decorating a pre-metastatic niche through activating beta-adrenergic signaling
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Regulation of intrinsic and extrinsic metabolic pathways in tumour-associated macrophages
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Cancer and stress: understanding the connections and interventions
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Chronic stress-related neuroendocrine mediators and ovarian cancer
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Chronic restraint stress attenuates p53 function and promotes tumorigenesis
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Stress hormone-mediated acceleration of breast cancer metastasis is halted by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase
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Glucocorticoids inhibit apoptosis during fibrosarcoma development by transcriptionally activating Bcl-xL
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The beta(1)-adrenergic receptor links sympathetic nerves to T cell exhaustion
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2016 · External reference
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2025 · External reference
Chronic stress contributes to cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal metabolic abnormalities in APP/PS1 mice
10.1159/000471869 · 2017 · External reference
A stress response pathway regulates DNA damage through beta2-adrenoreceptors and beta-arrestin-1
10.1038/nature10368 · 2011 · External reference
Behavioral stress accelerates prostate cancer development in mice
2013 · External reference
Chronic stress increases metastasis via neutrophil-mediated changes to the microenvironment
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Self-reported stress levels predict subsequent breast cancer in a cohort of Swedish women
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Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stress response
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Glucocorticoid cotreatment induces apoptosis resistance toward cancer therapy in carcinomas
2003 · External reference
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Sympathectomy reduces tumor weight and affects expression of tumor-related genes in melanoma tissue in the mouse
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Stress-adapted cancer-associated fibroblasts as mediators of immunosuppression and therapy resistance
10.1016/j.canlet.2026.218706 · 2026 · External reference
Norepinephrine stimulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion via beta-adrenergic receptor-dependent activation of P38/MAPK pathway
2012 · External reference
Oxytocin has therapeutic effects on cancer, a hypothesis
10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.053 · 2014 · External reference
Expression of DRD2 is increased in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and inhibitors slow tumor growth in mice
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Chronic stress facilitates lung tumorigenesis by promoting exocytosis of IGF2 in lung epithelial cells
10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0990 · 2016 · External reference
Effects on DNA damage and/or repair processes as biological mechanisms linking psychological stress to cancer risk
10.1111/jabr.12019 · 2014 · External reference
Vasopressin and oxytocin in stress
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Oxytocin involves in chronic stress-evoked melanoma metastasis via beta-arrestin 2-mediated ERK signaling pathway
10.1093/carcin/bgz064 · 2019 · External reference
Chronic restraint stress promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth by mobilizing splenic myeloid cells through activating beta-adrenergic signaling
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Regulatory mechanisms of XBP1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression: challenges and therapeutic strategies
10.3390/ph19070993 · 2026 · External reference
The cGAS-STING pathway in tumor immunity: dual roles, regulatory mechanisms, and precision therapeutic strategies
10.3389/fphar.2026.1844637 · 2026 · External reference
Norepinephrine/beta(2)-adrenergic receptor pathway promotes the cell proliferation and nerve growth factor production in triple-negative breast cancer
10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e25 · 2023 · External reference
Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition
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10.1186/1471-2458-13-767 · 2013 · External reference
Catecholamines promote ovarian Cancer progression through secretion of CXC-chemokines
10.3390/ijms241814104 · 2023 · External reference
Chronic stress accelerates pancreatic cancer growth and invasion: a critical role for beta-adrenergic signaling in the pancreatic microenvironment
10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.019 · 2014 · External reference
The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders
10.1038/s41574-022-00746-8 · 2023 · External reference
Neuroendocrine modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in ovarian cancer
10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0858 · 2007 · External reference
Chronic stress in mice remodels lymph vasculature to promote tumour cell dissemination
10.1038/ncomms10634 · 2016 · External reference
Chronic corticosterone exposure increases expression and decreases deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of Fkbp5 in mice
10.1210/en.2010-0225 · 2010 · External reference
Investigating the crosstalk between chronic stress and immune cells: implications for enhanced cancer therapy
10.3389/fnins.2023.1321176 · 2023 · External reference
Monoamine oxidase A suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by inhibiting the adrenergic system and its transactivation of EGFR signaling
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Sustained adrenergic activation of YAP1 induces Anoikis resistance in cervical cancer cells
10.1016/j.isci.2020.101289 · 2020 · External reference
Prolactin and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: the next potential hope for breast cancer treatment
10.1111/jcmm.16946 · 2021 · External reference
Colorectal cancer cells hijack a brain-gut polysynaptic circuit from the lateral septum to enteric neurons to sustain tumor growth
2025 · External reference
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2026 · External reference
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10.1093/aje/kwg002 · 2003 · External reference
Norepinephrine-stimulated HSCs secrete sFRP1 to promote HCC progression following chronic stress via augmentation of a Wnt16B/beta-catenin positive feedback loop
10.1186/s13046-020-01568-0 · 2020 · External reference
Epinephrine stimulates esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell proliferation via beta-adrenoceptor-dependent transactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cyclooxygenase-2 pathway
10.1002/jcb.21802 · 2008 · External reference
Psychologic stress drives progression of malignant tumors via DRD2/HIF1alpha signaling
10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1043 · 2021 · External reference
XBP1s acts as a transcription factor of IRE1alpha and promotes proliferation of colon cancer cells
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cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment
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Role of transforming growth factor-beta1 pathway in angiogenesis induced by chronic stress in colorectal cancer
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Adrenergic modulation of AMPK-dependent autophagy by chronic stress enhances cell proliferation and survival in gastric cancer
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Chronic stress and cancer progression through neuro-endocrine-immune networks (review)
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