Research graph
References from Indirect Detection of Novichok Nerve Agents A-230, A-232, and A-234 by Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Limitations of Hydrolysis-Based Marker Strategies. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2007 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2011 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
History of Organophosphorus Compounds in the Context of Their Use as Chemical Warfare Agents
10.3390/molecules30071615 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Murders with VX: Aum Shinrikyo in Japan and the assassination of Kim Jong-Nam in Malaysia
10.1007/s11419-018-0426-9 · 2018 · External reference
What killed Kim Jong-Nam? Was it the agent VX?
10.31482/mmsl.2017.013 · 2017 · External reference
Recent research on Novichok
10.1007/s00204-022-03273-7 · 2022 · External reference
Novichok: a murderous nerve agent attack in the UK
10.1080/15563650.2018.1469759 · 2018 · External reference
Novichok nerve agent poisoning
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32644-1 · 2021 · External reference
Sensing technology for chemical-warfare agents and its evaluation using authentic agents
10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.084 · 2005 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications
10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00065 · 2016 · External reference
Laser-Based Systems for Standoff Detection of CWA: A Short Review
10.1109/jsen.2020.3030672 · 2021 · External reference
Use of a Handheld Raman Spectrometer for Identification of Toxic Agents in Clandestine Laboratories
10.3849/aimt.01809 · 2023 · External reference
Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Principles and Applications
10.1080/05704920600663469 · 2006 · External reference
Recent Developments in Ion Mobility Spectrometry
10.1080/05704928.2011.582658 · 2011 · External reference
10.1201/9781420038972
10.1201/9781420038972 · 2005 · External reference
Ion mobility spectrometry and its applications in detection of chemical warfare agents
10.1021/ac100931n · 2010 · External reference
Ion mobility spectrometry: Current status and application for chemical warfare agents detection
10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.002 · 2016 · External reference
Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents with a Miniaturized High-Performance Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer Using High Energetic Photons for Ionization
10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03422 · 2022 · External reference
Reliable Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents Using High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry
10.1021/jasms.4c00240 · 2024 · External reference
Detection of Volatile Toxic Industrial Chemicals with Classical Ion Mobility Spectrometry and High-Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry
10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04397 · 2022 · External reference
Comparative Analysis of Standardized NATO Requirements for Laboratory Identification of Chemical Agents and Military Technical Means for Its Implementation
10.3849/aimt.01455 · 2021 · External reference
Physical, and Toxicological Properties of V-Agents
10.3390/ijms24108600 · 2023 · External reference
What do we currently know about Novichoks? The state of the art
10.1007/s00204-022-03437-5 · 2023 · External reference
Detection and analytical challenges of Novichok nerve agents: A review from the perspective of the Navalny and Skripal cases
10.1016/j.talo.2025.100593 · 2025 · External reference
Autocatalytic Hydrolysis of V-Type Nerve Agents
10.1021/jo9614506 · 1996 · External reference
Evaporation and Degradation of VX on Silica Sand
10.1021/jp8111099 · 2009 · External reference
Degradation kinetics of VX
10.3233/mgc-2010-0037 · 2010 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
IMS - detection problems related to VX impurities
1998 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2008 · External reference
Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation
10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.004 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2017 · External reference
A theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of A-234; the suspected novichok agent in the Skripal attack
10.1039/d0ra05086e · 2020 · External reference
Theoretical study of the molecular aspect of the suspected novichok agent A234 of the Skripal poisoning
10.1098/rsos.181831 · 2019 · External reference
Vapor Pressure and Toxicity Prediction for Novichok Agent Candidates Using Machine Learning Model: Preparation for Unascertained Nerve Agents after Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 1 Update
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00410 · 2022 · External reference
Elimination of A-234 from the environment: Effect of different decontaminants
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131150 · 2023 · External reference
Persistence of A-234 nerve agent on indoor surfaces
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141968 · 2024 · External reference
A-series agent A-234: initial in vitro and in vivo characterization
10.1007/s00204-024-03689-3 · 2024 · External reference
The environmental fate of Novichok degradation products: application of in silico methods for the prediction of hydrolysis and biodegradation
10.1016/j.envint.2025.109873 · 2025 · External reference
Fate and decontamination of Novichok agent A232 on environmental and urban matrices
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140016 · 2025 · External reference
Roofing materials as reservoirs of persistent chemical warfare agents: Fate and detectability
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142753 · 2026 · External reference
Extraction approaches for A-230, A-234, VX, and sarin nerve agents from surface coatings
10.1016/j.forc.2025.100658 · 2025 · External reference
Hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation of Novichok nerve agents
10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03153 · 2020 · External reference
The prediction of hydrolysis and biodegradation of Novichoks using in silico toxicology methods
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164241 · 2023 · External reference
Characterization of hydrolysis products and determination of the rate of hydrolysis of Novichok A-234 in different decontaminants
10.1016/j.jcoa.2025.100210 · 2025 · External reference
Characterization of Amidine-Based Degradation Products of Novichok A-Series Nerve Agents Using Single-Quadrupole GC–MS
10.1002/rcm.70055 · 2026 · External reference
Rapid derivatisation of novichok precursor amidines for improved detection by GC-MS
10.1007/s00216-026-06408-2 · 2026 · External reference
CHAPTER 1. Development, Historical Use and Properties of Chemical Warfare Agents
10.1039/9781782622413-00001 · 2016 · External reference
Fate of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals in landfills
10.1021/es052400y · 2006 · External reference
The environmental fate of organophosphorus nerve agents: A review
10.1080/02772249509358137 · 1995 · External reference
10.21236/ada371297
10.21236/ada371297 · 1999 · External reference
The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products
10.1289/ehp.99107933 · 1999 · External reference
Modeling the pH dependent hydrolysis of VX for aqueous releases
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.040 · 2009 · External reference
Hydrolysis of VX on concrete: rate of degradation by direct surface interrogation using an ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer
10.1021/es025754n · 2002 · External reference
The prediction of hydrolysis and biodegradation of organophosphorus-based chemical warfare agents (G-series and V-series) using toxicology in silico methods
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116018 · 2024 · External reference
Investigating the affinities and persistence of VX nerve agent in environmental matrices
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.041 · 2004 · External reference
Effect of drop size on the degradation of VX in concrete
10.1021/la036387b · 2004 · External reference
The identification of VX chemical attribution signatures from different synthetic routes
10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467099 · 2026 · External reference
Quantum Calculations of VX Ammonolysis and Hydrolysis Pathways via Hydrated Lithium Nitride
10.3390/ijms22168653 · 2021 · External reference
VX fate on common matrices: evaporation versus degradation
10.1021/es300404y · 2012 · External reference
Vapor Pressure of 2-Dialkyl Aminoethanethiols
10.1021/je400136y · 2013 · External reference
Part 1: Tracing Russian VX to its synthetic routes by multivariate statistics of chemical attribution signatures
10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.104 · 2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1995 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons
10.3390/ijms20051222 · 2019 · External reference
Theoretical evaluation of the hydrolysis of conventional nerve agents and novichok agents
10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139116 · 2021 · External reference
A-agents, misleadingly known as “Novichoks”: a narrative review
10.1007/s00204-023-03571-8 · 2023 · External reference
Enzymatic Decontamination of G-Type, V-Type and Novichok Nerve Agents
10.3390/ijms22158152 · 2021 · External reference
Effective Degradation of Novichok Nerve Agents by the Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework MOF-808
10.1021/acsami.1c24295 · 2022 · External reference
Characterization and Study on Fragmentation Pathways of a Novel Nerve Agent, ‘Novichok (A234)’, in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
10.3390/molecules26041059 · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of Organophosphorus-Based Nerve Agent Degradation Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Current Derivatization Reactions in the Analytical Chemist’s Toolbox
10.3390/molecules26154631 · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of degradation products of Novichok agents in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
2022 · External reference
Synthesis of an Amino Moiety in Trovafloxacin by Using an In-expensive Amidine Base, N,N-Diethylacetamidine
2009 · External reference
Amidine and guanidine degradation products of A-series nerve agents: Characterization and development of their alkyl isocyanate derivatization for GC and HPLC analysis
10.1016/j.microc.2025.115277 · 2025 · External reference
Mass Spectral Studies of N,N-Dialkylacetimidamides Using ESI-HRMS and MS/MS
10.1002/rcm.70015 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Chemical warfare agent NOVICHOK - mini-review of available data
10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.015 · 2018 · External reference
The Chemistry of the Amidines
10.1021/cr60112a002 · 1944 · External reference
Miniaturized high-performance drift tube ion mobility spectrometer
10.1007/s12127-019-00248-w · 2019 · External reference
Mass Spectral Studies of N,N-Dialkylacetimidamides Using ESI-HRMS and MS/MS
10.1002/rcm.70015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Characterization of Amidine-Based Degradation Products of Novichok A-Series Nerve Agents Using Single-Quadrupole GC–MS
10.1002/rcm.70055 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recent research on Novichok
10.1007/s00204-022-03273-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
What do we currently know about Novichoks? The state of the art
10.1007/s00204-022-03437-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A-agents, misleadingly known as “Novichoks”: a narrative review
10.1007/s00204-023-03571-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A-series agent A-234: initial in vitro and in vivo characterization
10.1007/s00204-024-03689-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rapid derivatisation of novichok precursor amidines for improved detection by GC-MS
10.1007/s00216-026-06408-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Murders with VX: Aum Shinrikyo in Japan and the assassination of Kim Jong-Nam in Malaysia
10.1007/s11419-018-0426-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Miniaturized high-performance drift tube ion mobility spectrometer
10.1007/s12127-019-00248-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation
10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Investigating the affinities and persistence of VX nerve agent in environmental matrices
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.041 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Persistence of A-234 nerve agent on indoor surfaces
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141968 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The identification of VX chemical attribution signatures from different synthetic routes
10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467099 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Theoretical evaluation of the hydrolysis of conventional nerve agents and novichok agents
10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139116 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The prediction of hydrolysis and biodegradation of organophosphorus-based chemical warfare agents (G-series and V-series) using toxicology in silico methods
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The environmental fate of Novichok degradation products: application of in silico methods for the prediction of hydrolysis and biodegradation
10.1016/j.envint.2025.109873 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Chemical warfare agent NOVICHOK - mini-review of available data
10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Extraction approaches for A-230, A-234, VX, and sarin nerve agents from surface coatings
10.1016/j.forc.2025.100658 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation of Novichok nerve agents
10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03153 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Characterization of hydrolysis products and determination of the rate of hydrolysis of Novichok A-234 in different decontaminants
10.1016/j.jcoa.2025.100210 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Modeling the pH dependent hydrolysis of VX for aqueous releases
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.040 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Elimination of A-234 from the environment: Effect of different decontaminants
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131150 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fate and decontamination of Novichok agent A232 on environmental and urban matrices
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140016 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Roofing materials as reservoirs of persistent chemical warfare agents: Fate and detectability
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142753 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Amidine and guanidine degradation products of A-series nerve agents: Characterization and development of their alkyl isocyanate derivatization for GC and HPLC analysis
10.1016/j.microc.2025.115277 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The prediction of hydrolysis and biodegradation of Novichoks using in silico toxicology methods
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164241 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Sensing technology for chemical-warfare agents and its evaluation using authentic agents
10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.084 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Part 1: Tracing Russian VX to its synthetic routes by multivariate statistics of chemical attribution signatures
10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.104 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Detection and analytical challenges of Novichok nerve agents: A review from the perspective of the Navalny and Skripal cases
10.1016/j.talo.2025.100593 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ion mobility spectrometry: Current status and application for chemical warfare agents detection
10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Novichok nerve agent poisoning
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32644-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ion mobility spectrometry and its applications in detection of chemical warfare agents
10.1021/ac100931n · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Detection of Volatile Toxic Industrial Chemicals with Classical Ion Mobility Spectrometry and High-Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry
10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04397 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents with a Miniaturized High-Performance Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer Using High Energetic Photons for Ionization
10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03422 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Vapor Pressure and Toxicity Prediction for Novichok Agent Candidates Using Machine Learning Model: Preparation for Unascertained Nerve Agents after Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 1 Update
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00410 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications
10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00065 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effective Degradation of Novichok Nerve Agents by the Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework MOF-808
10.1021/acsami.1c24295 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Chemistry of the Amidines
10.1021/cr60112a002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hydrolysis of VX on concrete: rate of degradation by direct surface interrogation using an ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer
10.1021/es025754n · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fate of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals in landfills
10.1021/es052400y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
VX fate on common matrices: evaporation versus degradation
10.1021/es300404y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reliable Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents Using High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry
10.1021/jasms.4c00240 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Vapor Pressure of 2-Dialkyl Aminoethanethiols
10.1021/je400136y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Autocatalytic Hydrolysis of V-Type Nerve Agents
10.1021/jo9614506 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evaporation and Degradation of VX on Silica Sand
10.1021/jp8111099 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of drop size on the degradation of VX in concrete
10.1021/la036387b · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CHAPTER 1. Development, Historical Use and Properties of Chemical Warfare Agents
10.1039/9781782622413-00001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of A-234; the suspected novichok agent in the Skripal attack
10.1039/d0ra05086e · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The environmental fate of organophosphorus nerve agents: A review
10.1080/02772249509358137 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Principles and Applications
10.1080/05704920600663469 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recent Developments in Ion Mobility Spectrometry
10.1080/05704928.2011.582658 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Novichok: a murderous nerve agent attack in the UK
10.1080/15563650.2018.1469759 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Theoretical study of the molecular aspect of the suspected novichok agent A234 of the Skripal poisoning
10.1098/rsos.181831 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Laser-Based Systems for Standoff Detection of CWA: A Short Review
10.1109/jsen.2020.3030672 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1201/9781420038972
10.1201/9781420038972 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products
10.1289/ehp.99107933 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.21236/ada371297
10.21236/ada371297 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
What killed Kim Jong-Nam? Was it the agent VX?
10.31482/mmsl.2017.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Degradation kinetics of VX
10.3233/mgc-2010-0037 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons
10.3390/ijms20051222 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enzymatic Decontamination of G-Type, V-Type and Novichok Nerve Agents
10.3390/ijms22158152 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Quantum Calculations of VX Ammonolysis and Hydrolysis Pathways via Hydrated Lithium Nitride
10.3390/ijms22168653 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Physical, and Toxicological Properties of V-Agents
10.3390/ijms24108600 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Characterization and Study on Fragmentation Pathways of a Novel Nerve Agent, ‘Novichok (A234)’, in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
10.3390/molecules26041059 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Analysis of Organophosphorus-Based Nerve Agent Degradation Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Current Derivatization Reactions in the Analytical Chemist’s Toolbox
10.3390/molecules26154631 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
History of Organophosphorus Compounds in the Context of Their Use as Chemical Warfare Agents
10.3390/molecules30071615 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparative Analysis of Standardized NATO Requirements for Laboratory Identification of Chemical Agents and Military Technical Means for Its Implementation
10.3849/aimt.01455 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Use of a Handheld Raman Spectrometer for Identification of Toxic Agents in Clandestine Laboratories
10.3849/aimt.01809 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
