References

The Point Defect Model for the Passive State

10.1149/1.2069096 · 1992 · External reference

Passivity in Metals and Alloys

10.1016/s0010-938x(79)80075-x · 1979 · External reference

Transport Processes and the Mechanism of Pitting of Metals

10.1149/1.2132857 · 1976 · External reference

Unmasking Chloride Attack on the Passive Film of Metals

10.1038/s41467-018-04942-x · 2018 · External reference

Localized Corrosion: Passive Film Breakdown vs Pit Growth Stability, Part VI: Pit Dissolution Kinetics of Different Alloys and a Model for Pitting and Repassivation Potentials

10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109277 · 2021 · External reference

Revisiting the Effect of Molybdenum on Pitting Resistance of Stainless Steels

10.1007/s42864-021-00099-1 · 2021 · External reference

Stability, Reactivity and Breakdown of Passive Films Problems of Recent and Future Research

10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00347-9 · 2000 · External reference

Cover Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Due to Rebar Corrosion Induced by Chloride Penetration

10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.04.008 · 2011 · External reference

Critical Chloride Content in Reinforced Concrete—A Review

10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.006 · 2009 · External reference

Mechanism of Corrosion Protection in Reinforced Concrete Marine Structures

10.1038/258514a0 · 1975 · External reference

The Effect of Concrete Pore Solution Composition on the Quality of Passive Oxide Films on Black Steel Reinforcement

10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.10.003 · 2009 · External reference

The Role of Rusts in Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Iron and Steel

10.1016/j.corsci.2008.03.008 · 2008 · External reference

Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete Structures, Its Monitoring and Service Life Prediction---a Review

10.1016/s0958-9465(02)00086-0 · 2003 · External reference

Chloride Threshold Level for Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

10.1016/j.corsci.2007.05.007 · 2007 · External reference

The Presentation of the Chloride Threshold Level for Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

10.1016/s0010-938x(97)00009-7 · 1997 · External reference

Pitting Corrosion of Metals: A Review of the Critical Factors

10.1149/1.1838615 · 1998 · External reference

Beyond the Chloride Threshold Concept for Predicting Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

10.1063/5.0076320 · 2022 · External reference

The Interaction of Water with Solid Surfaces: Fundamental Aspects Revisited

10.1016/s0167-5729(01)00020-6 · 2002 · External reference

Progress in Corrosion Science at Atomic and Nanometric Scales

10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.03.001 · 2018 · External reference

The Effect of Surface Vacancies on the Interactions of Cl with a α-Fe2O3 (0001) Surface and the Role of Cl in Depassivation

10.1016/j.corsci.2019.03.052 · 2019 · External reference

Pit to Crack Transition and Corrosion Fatigue Lifetime Reduction Estimations by Means of a Short Crack Microstructural Model

10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109171 · 2021 · External reference

A Model for Prediction of Time from Corrosion Initiation to Corrosion Cracking

10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.11.004 · 2007 · External reference

A Review of the Theoretical Modelling of Crevice and Pitting Corrosion

10.1016/0010-938x(87)90024-2 · 1987 · External reference

Improving Pitting Resistance of Mo-Containing Stainless Steels via Chloride-Assisted Stabilization of the Passive Film

10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111787 · 2024 · External reference

Broken Passive Film and Subsequent Pitting Corrosion Behavior of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Induced by Marine Fungus Aspergillus Terreus in Artificial Seawater

10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111147 · 2023 · External reference

The Production and Breakdown of the Passivity of Metals

10.1016/s0010-938x(67)80023-4 · 1967 · External reference

Environmental Factors Affecting the Critical Potential for Pitting in 18--8 Stainless Steel

10.1149/1.2423801 · 1966 · External reference

Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions: Effect of Carbonation and Chloride Content

10.1016/j.corsci.2004.03.013 · 2004 · External reference

XPS Depth Profiling Study on the Passive Oxide Film of Carbon Steel in Saturated Calcium Hydroxide Solution and the Effect of Chloride on the Film Properties

10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.12.120 · 2011 · External reference

Mott--Schottky Analysis of Passive Films on Cu Containing Fe--20Cr--xCu (x= 0, 4) Alloys

10.1179/1743278214y.0000000154 · 2014 · External reference

Dynamic and Localized Microelectrochemical Approaches to Evaluate the Corrosion Resistance of Newly Developed Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Alloys

10.1002/maco.202213174 · 2022 · External reference

Unraveling the Role of Copper on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe-20Cr-XCu Alloys in 35% NaCl Solution

10.1007/s11665-025-12126-0 · 2026 · External reference

Chemical Composition and Electronic Structure of the Oxide Films Formed on 316L Stainless Steel and Nickel Based Alloys in High Temperature Aqueous Environments

10.1016/s0010-938x(00)00012-3 · 2000 · External reference

An Overview on the Passivity of Metals

10.1016/0010-938x(90)90086-k · 1990 · External reference

Localized Corrosion (Pitting): A Model of Passivity Breakdown Including the Role of the Oxide Layer Nanostructure

10.1016/j.corsci.2008.06.047 · 2008 · External reference

Current Developments of Nanoscale Insight into Corrosion Protection by Passive Oxide Films

10.1016/j.cossms.2018.05.004 · 2018 · External reference

On the Origin of Passive Film Breakdown and Metastable Pitting for Stainless Steel 316L

10.1016/j.corsci.2024.111911 · 2024 · External reference

Influence of Calcium Leaching on Chloride Diffusivity in Cement-Based Materials

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.112 · 2018 · External reference

Impact of Calcium Leaching on Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Cement Pastes Exposed to Ammonium Chloride Aqueous Solution

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.094 · 2017 · External reference

The Influence of Chloride Binding on the Chloride Induced Corrosion Risk in Reinforced Concrete

10.1016/s0010-938x(99)00083-9 · 2000 · External reference

Numerical Modeling of Non-Uniform Corrosion of Concrete Reinforcement Considering Calcium Leaching and Chloride Diffusion Coupling Effect

10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112343 · 2024 · External reference

Iron Oxide Surfaces

10.1016/j.surfrep.2016.02.001 · 2016 · External reference

Oxide Film Growth Kinetics on Metals and Alloys: I. Physical Model

10.1149/2.036306jes · 2013 · External reference

Critical Pitting Temperature Measurements of Stainless Steels with an Improved Electrochemical Method

10.1016/0010-938x(89)90088-7 · 1989 · External reference

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

10.1146/annurev.anchem.012809.102211 · 2010 · External reference

Chemical Composition and Semiconducting Behaviour of Stainless Steel Passive Films in Contact with Artificial Seawater

10.1016/s0010-938x(98)00016-x · 1998 · External reference

The Effect of Simulated Concrete Pore Solution Composition and Chlorides on the Electronic Properties of Passive Films on Carbon Steel Rebar

10.1016/j.corsci.2016.01.027 · 2016 · External reference

Nano-Deterioration of Steel Passivation Film: Chloride Attack in Material Defects

10.1617/s11527-023-02121-z · 2023 · External reference

Design of High Chloride-Resistant Passivation Films: From Synthesis to the Mechanisms of Nano-Generation

10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112656 · 2025 · External reference

Crystal Structure-Dependent Evaluation of Chloride Ions Resistance of Iron Passivation Film in Reinforced Concrete at the Nanoscale

10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110179 · 2024 · External reference

Deterioration of Passivation Film Caused by Carbonation in Reinforced Concrete: An Electrochemical and Nanoscale Perspectives

10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112524 · 2025 · External reference

The Corrosion Deterioration of Reinforced Passivation Film: The Impact of Defects

10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.152408 · 2022 · External reference

Passivation and Depassivation Properties of Cr--Mo Alloyed Corrosion-Resistant Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution

10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104375 · 2022 · External reference

Nano-Scale Study of Passive Films and Chloride-Induced Depassivation of Carbon Steel Rebar in Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions Using FIB/TEM

10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.01.009 · 2013 · External reference

Metadynamics as a Tool for Exploring Free Energy Landscapes of Chemical Reactions

10.1021/ar040198i · 2006 · External reference

Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of β-Fe2O3 Derived from Fe/Ga Bimetallic Organic Framework

10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166193 · 2022 · External reference

The Effect of Surface Defects on Chloride-Induced Depassivation of Iron—A Density Functional Theory Study

10.5006/3501 · 2020 · External reference

Photo-Oxidation of Water on Defective Hematite (0001)

10.1021/cs5017326 · 2015 · External reference

The ReaxFF Reactive Force-Field: Development, Applications and Future Directions

10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.11 · 2016 · External reference

ReaxFF: A Reactive Force Field for Hydrocarbons

10.1021/jp004368u · 2001 · External reference

ReaxFF Reactive Force Field for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hydrocarbon Oxidation

10.1021/jp709896w · 2008 · External reference

Metadynamics

10.1002/wcms.31 · 2011 · External reference

Using Metadynamics to Explore Complex Free-Energy Landscapes

10.1038/s42254-020-0153-0 · 2020 · External reference

Well-Tempered Metadynamics: A Smoothly Converging and Tunable Free-Energy Method

10.1103/physrevlett.100.020603 · 2008 · External reference

Escaping Free-Energy Minima

10.1073/pnas.202427399 · 2002 · External reference

Atomistic Insights into Early Stage Oxidation and Nanoscale Oxide Growth on Fe (100), Fe (111) and Fe (110) Surfaces

10.1021/jp312514m · 2013 · External reference

Development of the ReaxFF Methodology for Electrolyte--Water Systems

10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10453 · 2019 · External reference

VMD: Visual Molecular Dynamics

10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5 · 1996 · External reference

An Efficient Library for Parallel Ray Tracing and Animation

1998 · External reference

Release 18 Zenodo

2017 · External reference

Unresolved reference

2002 · External reference

Role of the Chloride Ion in Iron Corrosion

10.5006/0010-9312-26.2.58 · 1970 · External reference

In Situ X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Study of the Potential Dependence of the Formation of the Passive Film on Iron in Borate Buffer

10.1149/1.1837826 · 1997 · External reference

The Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals: Scientific Principles and Practical Applications (Evans, Ulick R.)

10.1021/ed037p662.2 · 1960 · External reference

The Stability of Localized Corrosion

10.1016/0010-938x(95)00076-v · 1995 · External reference

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a New Tool for Investigating Methods of Corrosion Protection

10.1016/0013-4686(90)80007-b · 1990 · External reference

Polymorphous Transformations of Nanometric Iron (III) Oxide: A Review

10.1021/cm200397g · 2011 · External reference

Investigation of Chloride-Induced Depassivation of Iron in Alkaline Media by Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics

10.1038/s41529-019-0081-6 · 2019 · External reference

A Point Defect Model for Anodic Passive Films: II Chemical Breakdown and Pit Initiation

10.1149/1.2127592 · 1981 · External reference