Research graph
References from Assessing the Impact of Alkali Post-Deposition Treatment on the Surface Properties of High-Efficiency Kesterite Absorbers. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 67)
10.1002/pip.70068 · 2026 · External reference
Formation pathway of high-efficiency kesterite solar cells fabricated through molecular ink chemistry
10.1038/s41560-025-01900-y · 2026 · External reference
Alkali-metal-mediated control of phase segregation for flexible kesterite solar cells and modules with improved efficiency
10.1038/s41560-026-02018-5 · 2026 · External reference
Regulating grain growth via Li2SnS3 interphase in kesterite solar cells with certified efficiencies exceeding 15%
10.1038/s41560-026-01987-x · 2026 · External reference
Attaining 15.1% Efficiency in Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells Under Indoor Conditions Through Sodium and Lithium Codoping
10.1002/solr.202400756 · 2025 · External reference
Li-Doping and Ag-Alloying Interplay Shows the Pathway for Kesterite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 14%
10.1002/adfm.202404669 · 2024 · External reference
Unveiling Sodium Diffusion Kinetics and Locking Mechanisms for High-Performance CZTSSe Photovoltaics
10.1002/advs.202504087 · 2025 · External reference
Suppressing Element Inhomogeneity Enables 14.9% Efficiency CZTSSe Solar Cells
10.1002/adma.202400138 · 2024 · External reference
Defect Synergistic Regulations of Li&Na Co-Doped Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells Achieving over 10% Certified Efficiency
10.1002/advs.202306740 · 2024 · External reference
Li, Ag Co-Doping Enables Efficient Kesterite Solar Cell with a High Fill Factor of 74.30%
10.1002/adfm.202418548 · 2025 · External reference
Identifying the origin of the Voc deficit of kesterite solar cells from the two grain growth mechanisms induced by Sn2+ and Sn4+ precursors in DMSO solution
10.1039/d0ee03702h.10.1039/d0ee03702h · 2021 · External reference
Doping and alloying of kesterites
10.1088/2515-7655/ab23bc · 2019 · External reference
Complex Interplay between Absorber Composition and Alkali Doping in High-Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1002/aenm.201701760 · 2018 · External reference
Regulating charge carrier recombination in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells via cesium treatment: bulk and interface effects
10.1039/d3ta01708g.10.1039/d3ta01708g · 2023 · External reference
Li Incorporation Induces Surface Chemical Disorder in Solution-Processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4
10.1002/admi.202500751 · 2026 · External reference
High-concentration silver alloying and steep back-contact gallium grading enabling copper indium gallium selenide solar cell with 23.6% efficiency
10.1038/s41560-024-01472-3 · 2024 · External reference
Cd-Free Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Thin-Film Solar Cell With Record Efficiency of 23.35%
10.1109/jphotov.2019.2937218 · 2019 · External reference
Deep surface Cu depletion induced by K in high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell absorbers
10.1002/pip.3010 · 2018 · External reference
Features of KF and NaF Postdeposition Treatments of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers for High Efficiency Thin Film Solar Cells
10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02335 · 2015 · External reference
Influence of alkali element post-deposition treatment on the performance of the CIGS solar cells on flexible stainless steel substrates
10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130410 · 2021 · External reference
RbF-related post-deposition treatments on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers: The role of the chalcogen atmosphere
10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155830 · 2023 · External reference
Synergistic incorporation of NaF and CsF PDT for high efficiency kesterite solar cells: unveiling of grain interior and grain boundary effects
10.1039/d0ta08224d.10.1039/d0ta08224d · 2021 · External reference
Utilizing Solvent Repulsion between Dimethylformamide and Isopropanol to Manipulate Sn Distribution for Bifacial Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells
10.1021/acsaem.4c01905 · 2024 · External reference
Mapping Shunting Paths at the Surface of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Films via Energy-Filtered Photoemission Microscopy
10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.004 · 2018 · External reference
Impact of Sb and Na Doping on the Surface Electronic Landscape of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films
10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02081 · 2018 · External reference
Ag Incorporation with Controlled Grain Growth Enables 12.5% Efficient Kesterite Solar Cell with Open Circuit Voltage Reached 64.2% Shockley−Queisser Limit
10.1002/adfm.202101927 · 2021 · External reference
Sn4+ precursor enables 12.4% efficient kesterite solar cell from DMSO solution with open circuit voltage deficit below 0.30 V
10.1007/s40843-020-1408-x · 2021 · External reference
Elemental de-mixing-induced epitaxial kesterite/CdS interface enabling 13%-efficiency kesterite solar cells
10.1038/s41560-022-01132-4 · 2022 · External reference
Low-Temperature Annealing of CdS:In/Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Heterojunction Boosting 14.5% Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02118 · 2024 · External reference
Thermal-decoupled selenization enables kesterite solar cells with 15.3% certified efficiency
10.1038/s41467-026-74180-z · 2026 · External reference
A “One-Stone-Three-Birds” Strategy: Multifunctional Y-Doping in CdS Buffer Layer Enables 15.19% Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1002/aenm.70972 · 2026 · External reference
Insight into the role of post-annealing in air for high efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.029 · 2018 · External reference
Band-gap-graded Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 drives highly efficient solar cells
10.1039/d1ee03134a(acccessed7/30/2026) · 2022 · External reference
A low-temperature order-disorder transition in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films
10.1063/1.4863685 · 2014 · External reference
Two-Step Annealing CZTSSe/CdS Heterojunction to Improve Interface Properties of Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1021/acsami.1c18152 · 2021 · External reference
Multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering of Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) polycrystalline thin films: Vibrational properties of sulfoselenide solid solutions
10.1063/1.4891333 · 2014 · External reference
Resonant Raman scattering of ZnSxSe1−x solid solutions: the role of S and Se electronic states
10.1039/c5cp04498g · 2016 · External reference
Defect characterisation in Cu2ZnSnSe4 kesterites via resonance Raman spectroscopy and the impact on optoelectronic solar cell properties
10.1039/c9ta03625c(acccessed7/30/2026) · 2019 · External reference
Mapping the surface electronic landscape of solution-processed CuIn(S,Se)2 thin-films as a function of the Cu/In ratio
10.1039/d5el00116a.10.1039/d5el00116a · 2025 · External reference
Inner-orbital photoelectron spectroscopy of the alkali metal halides, perchlorates, phosphates, and pyrophosphates
10.1021/ja00784a018 · 1973 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1992 · External reference
Angle-resolved XPS and AES: Depth-resolution limits and a general comparison of properties of depth-profile reconstruction methods
10.1016/0368-2048(94)02270-4 · 1995 · External reference
Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
10.1016/0079-6816(84)90001-7 · 1984 · External reference
Classification of Lattice Defects in the Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 Earth-Abundant Solar Cell Absorbers
10.1002/adma.201203146 · 2013 · External reference
Is the Cu/Zn Disorder the Main Culprit for the Voltage Deficit in Kesterite Solar Cells?
10.1002/aenm.201502276 · 2016 · External reference
Identification of Killer Defects in Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells
10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01313 · 2018 · External reference
Observation of antisite domain boundaries in Cu2ZnSnS4 by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy
10.1039/c6nr04185j.10.1039/c6nr04185j · 2016 · External reference
From Solutions to Photovoltaic Devices: Assessing the Impact of Zn Complexation for Bifacial Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin Films
10.1021/acsaem.5c02266 · 2025 · External reference
Quantitative Model of Internal Analyzer Scattering in a Hemispherical Electron Analyzer and Its Application to Improve the Accuracy of the Transmission Function
10.1002/sia.70069 · 2026 · External reference
Al Kα XPS reference spectra of polyethylene for all instrument geometries
10.1116/6.0000578 · 2020 · External reference
Ag Incorporation with Controlled Grain Growth Enables 12.5% Efficient Kesterite Solar Cell with Open Circuit Voltage Reached 64.2% Shockley−Queisser Limit
10.1002/adfm.202101927 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Li-Doping and Ag-Alloying Interplay Shows the Pathway for Kesterite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 14%
10.1002/adfm.202404669 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Li, Ag Co-Doping Enables Efficient Kesterite Solar Cell with a High Fill Factor of 74.30%
10.1002/adfm.202418548 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Classification of Lattice Defects in the Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 Earth-Abundant Solar Cell Absorbers
10.1002/adma.201203146 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Suppressing Element Inhomogeneity Enables 14.9% Efficiency CZTSSe Solar Cells
10.1002/adma.202400138 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Li Incorporation Induces Surface Chemical Disorder in Solution-Processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4
10.1002/admi.202500751 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Defect Synergistic Regulations of Li&Na Co-Doped Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells Achieving over 10% Certified Efficiency
10.1002/advs.202306740 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Unveiling Sodium Diffusion Kinetics and Locking Mechanisms for High-Performance CZTSSe Photovoltaics
10.1002/advs.202504087 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is the Cu/Zn Disorder the Main Culprit for the Voltage Deficit in Kesterite Solar Cells?
10.1002/aenm.201502276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Complex Interplay between Absorber Composition and Alkali Doping in High-Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1002/aenm.201701760 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A “One-Stone-Three-Birds” Strategy: Multifunctional Y-Doping in CdS Buffer Layer Enables 15.19% Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1002/aenm.70972 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deep surface Cu depletion induced by K in high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell absorbers
10.1002/pip.3010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 67)
10.1002/pip.70068 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Quantitative Model of Internal Analyzer Scattering in a Hemispherical Electron Analyzer and Its Application to Improve the Accuracy of the Transmission Function
10.1002/sia.70069 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Attaining 15.1% Efficiency in Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells Under Indoor Conditions Through Sodium and Lithium Codoping
10.1002/solr.202400756 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Sn4+ precursor enables 12.4% efficient kesterite solar cell from DMSO solution with open circuit voltage deficit below 0.30 V
10.1007/s40843-020-1408-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
10.1016/0079-6816(84)90001-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Angle-resolved XPS and AES: Depth-resolution limits and a general comparison of properties of depth-profile reconstruction methods
10.1016/0368-2048(94)02270-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
RbF-related post-deposition treatments on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers: The role of the chalcogen atmosphere
10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155830 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mapping Shunting Paths at the Surface of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Films via Energy-Filtered Photoemission Microscopy
10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of alkali element post-deposition treatment on the performance of the CIGS solar cells on flexible stainless steel substrates
10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130410 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Insight into the role of post-annealing in air for high efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.029 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Features of KF and NaF Postdeposition Treatments of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers for High Efficiency Thin Film Solar Cells
10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02335 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Utilizing Solvent Repulsion between Dimethylformamide and Isopropanol to Manipulate Sn Distribution for Bifacial Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells
10.1021/acsaem.4c01905 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
From Solutions to Photovoltaic Devices: Assessing the Impact of Zn Complexation for Bifacial Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin Films
10.1021/acsaem.5c02266 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Two-Step Annealing CZTSSe/CdS Heterojunction to Improve Interface Properties of Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1021/acsami.1c18152 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Low-Temperature Annealing of CdS:In/Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Heterojunction Boosting 14.5% Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells
10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02118 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Identification of Killer Defects in Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells
10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01313 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of Sb and Na Doping on the Surface Electronic Landscape of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films
10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02081 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Inner-orbital photoelectron spectroscopy of the alkali metal halides, perchlorates, phosphates, and pyrophosphates
10.1021/ja00784a018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal-decoupled selenization enables kesterite solar cells with 15.3% certified efficiency
10.1038/s41467-026-74180-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Elemental de-mixing-induced epitaxial kesterite/CdS interface enabling 13%-efficiency kesterite solar cells
10.1038/s41560-022-01132-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High-concentration silver alloying and steep back-contact gallium grading enabling copper indium gallium selenide solar cell with 23.6% efficiency
10.1038/s41560-024-01472-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Formation pathway of high-efficiency kesterite solar cells fabricated through molecular ink chemistry
10.1038/s41560-025-01900-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Regulating grain growth via Li2SnS3 interphase in kesterite solar cells with certified efficiencies exceeding 15%
10.1038/s41560-026-01987-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Alkali-metal-mediated control of phase segregation for flexible kesterite solar cells and modules with improved efficiency
10.1038/s41560-026-02018-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Resonant Raman scattering of ZnSxSe1−x solid solutions: the role of S and Se electronic states
10.1039/c5cp04498g · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Observation of antisite domain boundaries in Cu2ZnSnS4 by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy
10.1039/c6nr04185j.10.1039/c6nr04185j · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Defect characterisation in Cu2ZnSnSe4 kesterites via resonance Raman spectroscopy and the impact on optoelectronic solar cell properties
10.1039/c9ta03625c(acccessed7/30/2026) · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Identifying the origin of the Voc deficit of kesterite solar cells from the two grain growth mechanisms induced by Sn2+ and Sn4+ precursors in DMSO solution
10.1039/d0ee03702h.10.1039/d0ee03702h · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Synergistic incorporation of NaF and CsF PDT for high efficiency kesterite solar cells: unveiling of grain interior and grain boundary effects
10.1039/d0ta08224d.10.1039/d0ta08224d · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Band-gap-graded Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 drives highly efficient solar cells
10.1039/d1ee03134a(acccessed7/30/2026) · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Regulating charge carrier recombination in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells via cesium treatment: bulk and interface effects
10.1039/d3ta01708g.10.1039/d3ta01708g · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mapping the surface electronic landscape of solution-processed CuIn(S,Se)2 thin-films as a function of the Cu/In ratio
10.1039/d5el00116a.10.1039/d5el00116a · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A low-temperature order-disorder transition in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films
10.1063/1.4863685 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering of Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) polycrystalline thin films: Vibrational properties of sulfoselenide solid solutions
10.1063/1.4891333 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Doping and alloying of kesterites
10.1088/2515-7655/ab23bc · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cd-Free Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Thin-Film Solar Cell With Record Efficiency of 23.35%
10.1109/jphotov.2019.2937218 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Al Kα XPS reference spectra of polyethylene for all instrument geometries
10.1116/6.0000578 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference